The document reports on surveys conducted in six European countries on citizen attitudes toward the economic crisis. The main findings are: 1) A majority of Europeans believe their personal situation has deteriorated due to the crisis, especially in Italy and Spain which have been hit hardest. 2) Germans and British have been least negatively affected, with fewer reporting exacerbated difficulties. 3) Italians and Spaniards report more severe consequences like unemployment and inability to pay bills. Nearly half know someone directly impacted. 4) While most feel the crisis's effects, Germans and British are more likely to say it had no impact or revealed opportunities. Italians and Spaniards express greater hardship.

1. 2013Adrift
EUROPEA continent_
A Publicis Groupe study on emerging
from recession in Europe, produced by
Ipsos/CGI and FreeThinking

2. 2
“Europe Adrift” by Maurice Lévy 4
About this survey 9
Results of
the Ipsos/CGI
quantitative study 10
Main take-aways 12
I Crisis has a real impact on the attitudes
and behaviour of Europeans 13
II Upturn still uncertain:
has Europe broken down? 17
III Those involved in the way out of the crisis:
governments, companies or citizens? 20
Detailed results 24
I Social climate and expectations 25
II Stakeholders and their state of mind 47
III Strengths and weaknesses 51
IV Composing with the crisis 69
Results of the
FreeThinking
qualitative study 78
I From shock to serenity, perceptions
of the crisis are not just a little
different – they’re worlds apart 80
II All together or alone against everyone?
Two opposing views of the main players
in the recovery process 86
III Over-prepared, well-prepared, unprepared:
countries are confronting recession with
very uneven skill-sets 92
IV How can we emerge from the crisis?
Different visions of the efforts required 100
SuMmary

3. 3
2013Adrift
EUROPEA continent_
A Publicis Groupe study on emerging
from recession in Europe, produced by
Ipsos/CGI and FreeThinking

4. 4
For months, statistics have detailed the decline of the European
economy, with slumping confidence by business leaders and above all,
citizens and consumers. Like every manager of a company, this has
worried me deeply.
To guide the decisions made by Publicis Groupe, and to shape insights
that can help our clients make key choices, I felt that we needed to better
understand the general outlook of Europe’s citizens, and especially their
behavior as consumers. I therefore launched two complementary studies:
one, quantitative, which looked at more than 6000 Europeans, with
Ipsos/CGI; and a second, qualitative study led by FreeThinking, an entity
within Publicis Groupe, which focused on 400 Europeans.
The insights yielded by these studies are important, but they should
not be surprising. The situation is grim; the future appears blocked.
Confidence in national institutions has been badly damaged, while the
institutions of the European Union have dropped out of sight. Even
more striking is the sharp division between North and South. Poles,
Germans and Britons are managing the recession better: they feel
stronger, and although they don’t place great hope in Europe and its
institutional bodies, they are more optimistic overall. The Spanish and
Italians are stunned and have almost no resilience left – no capacity
for recovery or hope. As for the French, despite an economy that is
objectively in better shape than that of neighboring Latin countries,
they have clearly swung southwards.
This economic and financial crisis has had tangible impact on the daily
lives of citizens. This is an era of restriction, of spending cuts, of frequent
sacrifice and constant prudence. From North to South the gravity of the
situation does of course vary, but the overall movement of retraction is
the same. Europeans have tightened their belts; and worse yet, they are
“EUROPEadrift”
by Maurice Lévy

5. 5
bracing to tighten those belts further, for they are worried. They have or
will cut consumption in every sector – even food.
Their fears are tenacious and severe.
When Europeans think of the future, what looms above all is the fear
of poverty and relegation to a lower social class – even social exclusion
– both for themselves and for their children. With the exception of
Poland, it is to some degree the very notion of generational progress that
is affected. Personally, each individual imagines that he or she will be
able to manage better than others, but an attitude of pessimism is what
dominates, and it is deepening. This is certainly one of the major lessons
of this study: three-quarters of respondents believe that Europe is digging
deeper into crisis.
Can the policy measures that are currently planned or underway help
end this recession? Only the Germans and – by a short majority – the
Poles say they believe this. Tragically, politicians (both national and at a
European level) have been unable to communicate the need for profound
reform of the archaic structures that hamper the Old Continent’s
indispensable adaptation to the economic challenges arising from
globalization: competitivity, flexibility and so on.
We are undergoing a terrible crisis of institutional and political
leadership. Do our respondents believe that any one institutional actor
could contribute more, or do better than, the others in the struggle to
end the crisis? Apparently not.
This massive discredit extends across European institutions, national
governments, political parties – both in power and in the opposition
– and trade unions. Only 1 European out of every 4 or 5 still trusts these
bodies. Everywhere, across every subject and in every community, the
credibility of our political and social actors seems durably damaged.

6. 6
We are also observing a strong, and doubtless historic, disengagement
from the European Union. Europe, which was for so long perceived as
a shield, is now viewed as a handicap almost as often as it is seen as an
asset. One wonders how the leaders of the European Union’s institutions
can continue to be oblivious to this evident failure.
The image of the business sector has been less badly affected, although
it is far from glorious. Interestingly, the public trusts small and
medium companies regarding employment, and large corporations for
management of public services.
Another important lesson regarding public finances and the nonchalance
of the leaders responsible for them: the respondents to our studies
demonstrate far greater maturity, realism and clarity than their political
leaders imagine. Apart from the British and Spanish (certainly for
different, and easily understandable, reasons), respondents feel that their
governments have not sufficiently confronted the need for vigorous
public spending cuts.
Does this indicate that we should place greater trust in the intelligence
of our fellow citizens? Would a resolutely realistic, even Churchillian,
discourse be more effective than attempts to pacify or anesthetize
Europeans with illusions? The public does not believe in childish
lullabies. Citizens are entirely conscious of the reality of the recession,
and they are impatient to see radical and vigorous measures to grapple
with and resolve these problems.
With few exceptions, when asked about the principal handicap that holds
back our societies, Europeans name excessive levels of public spending;
taxes (some even describe an «overdose»); and de-industrialization.
If there is any reason for hope, it is this clarity of vision. They are also

7. 7
growing more closely interested in the «Made in Country X» theme,
and are more conscious of their roles as citizen-consumers.
Europeans are also inclined to make many more personal sacrifices
than is generally believed: this factor, too, should encourage strong
policy and action. A broad majority of respondents say they are ready
to engage new training programs to change their professions. They also
accept the idea that social welfare benefits should vary with income.
Two-thirds are ready to save more for their retirement. A majority
– albeit a short majority – is even ready to reduce the duration of
vacations, or to extend the number of working years before retirement
(in particular in France). This could be an important point for ongoing
reform of European pension systems and welfare benefit systems,
encouraging a more significant portion of capital funding or, perhaps
better, points-based pension schemes.
The European consumer is making painful decisions. He or she has
already cut a number of budget items, and is considering lifestyle choices
that are far more severe than any under discussion by governments. They
include massive cuts in budgets for clothing and equipment, as well as
delays in automobile purchases.
Alongside this sacrifice or reduction of a number of basic budgets,
a new system of values is taking shape. In the short or medium
term, it seems likely that consumers will tend to reject products
that are disposable; products which build in rapid obsolescence;
and those that have been imported for no real reason across great
distances. This is an important new point that should lead us to
rethink a number of core axioms regarding consumer societies,
as well as encouraging us to restructure our strategies for marketing
and communication.

8. 8
This study is disturbing – and thus extremely useful – in many different
ways. Ultimately, I think, its main take-aways are these:
- Yes, the effects of this recession will be deep, cruel and lasting.
Given the degree of disenchantment now evident, and the corrosive
nature of its underlying causes – distrust, multiple forms of suffering,
disengagement and rage – the task of reconstruction that must be
engaged by the leaders of our political, economic and social institutions
is simply immense. It would be criminal to underestimate this, or to
remain oblivious to it.
- Europeans feel that the business sector will have an essential role in
ending the crisis, and this magnifies our responsibility as heads of
companies. Never has there been such a strong requirement of invention
and re-invention, or so great a duty to boost employment.
- Profound shifts are currently taking shape among consumers, and
business leaders will need to anticipate these. Yesterday’s formulas will
not work any longer. We need to find new solutions through innovation,
inventivity, and precise and attentive marketing.
- Closer to home, I note that the French are the most pessimistic of all
Europeans in this study, for they see clearly that real reforms have not yet
been effected and are anxious about the absence of a clearly outlined future.
“There can be no hope without fear, and no fear without hope” said
the great 17th century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Here we see the
fear of a somber future. We must hope that it will inspire decision-
makers to put an end to their illusions about growth on credit, via
galloping levels of debt – and that they will now lead a determined
drive for the structural reforms and public spending cuts that can be
the only basis for a European future grounded in healthy, solid and
sustainable growth.
Maurice Lévy

9. 9
The dimensions of the current European recession are unparalleled in the past
80 years; they extend to every kind of economic, social and political equation. These
are questions that need answers. And the answers can only come from people in the
front line; people who confront recession daily –Europeans themselves.
How are ordinary Europeans reacting to the recession? Do they fear the worst is
yet to come, or feel that better days are coming? How do they think their countries
will overcome the crisis –deploying what assets, what skills, thanks to which
decisive actors? What reforms are Europeans prepared to envisage in order to re-boot
economic growth and push back unemployment? Which measures do they view
as necessary, acceptable, indispensable –or, on the contrary, pointless, even
counter-productive? Finally, how and to what extent are they prepared to reshape
their daily lives in order to adapt to the new reality?
In order to explore these topics with depth and insight, Publicis Groupe recently
set up an unprecedented and ambitious new Europe-wide study grounded in two
parallel and complementary investigations.
• A quantitative study by Ipsos/CGI across six of the most symbolically vital countries
of the European Union: France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain and Poland.
• A qualitative online study led by FreeThinking –Publicis Groupe’s collaborative research
lab –to look at five communities in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain.
These two complementary studies outline the contours of Europe’s economic and
social landscape, as seen by its citizens. They also paint a portrait of their personal
economic situations, whether or not recession has hit them hard–how and what
they consume, their fears, and their hopes for the future.
How will Europe find its way out of recession –and indeed, will
it ever do so? Who will emerge from this trial stronger, and who
will have been weakened?
About thissurvey

10. 10
Results of
the ipsos/cgi
quantitative
study

11. 11
Ipsos questioned, from March 14th to April 7th, 2013, over 6,000 people aged
18 and over and living in 6 main countries of the European Union: France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and Poland.
Using the Internet to question over 1,000 people in each of these countries,
the aim was to be able to analyse the results at different levels:
• At the global level, looking at the results of the answers from all respondents,
whatever their country of residence, including by certain criteria concerning
all respondents: young vs old, the most educated Europeans vs the least
educated;
• At the national level, to highlight where each country is on the issues raised
and to be able to create categories;
• At the infra-national level, in order to analyse, in more detail, within a
country, differences between categories of population.
France: 1,021 respondents
Germany: 1,013 respondents
Spain: 1,059 respondents
Great Britain: 1,040 respondents
Italy: 1,009 respondents
Poland: 1,056 respondents
Fieldwork conducted from March 14th
to
the April 7th
, 2013.
Method: National representative samples
interviewed online.
MeTHODOLOGy
Sample
Europe 6,198 respondents, including:

12. 12
Main take-aways

13. 13
I. Crisis has a real impact on
the attitudes and behaviour of
Europeans.
A majority of Europeans believe that their personal
situation has deteriorated due to the crisis.
For more than half of the Europeans
questioned, the crisis has exacerbated
the difficulties they were experienc-
ing (60%, of which 40% “a little” and
20% “a lot”). It has had a particular
impact on the most vulnerable Euro-
peans: people with the lowest incomes
in each country and the least educated
Europeans.
It has, again not surprisingly, particu-
larly exacerbated the situation of the
Italians (79%, of which 35% “a lot”)
and the Spanish (72% of which 29%
“a lot”), who have been hit hard by the
economic crisis. Furthermore, whilst
37% of Europeans are currently able
to put some money into savings at the
end of the month, this is the case for
only 26% of Spaniards and 29% of
Italians. Almost half of the nationals
from each of these two countries only
just manage to cover their expenses at
the end of the month (49% in Spain
and 52% in Italy). Worse still, one
Spaniard in four (25%) and almost
one Italian in five (19%) is living on
their savings or with debts, thanks to
one or several loans.
The crisis has had serious conse-
quences for almost half the Spanish
and Italian households: 49% of Span-
iards questioned and 41% of Italians
say that they or a member of their fam-
ily has, at one time since 2008 and as
a result of the economic crisis, been
unemployed as a result of a redundancy
(compared with 28% for all of the
countries surveyed); 34% of Spaniards
and 36% of Italians say that either they
or a member of their household have
been very late in the payment of bills,
running the risk of no longer benefiting
from the corresponding service (com-
pared with 25% for the total); 42% of
Italians (or a member of their family)
have gone without a medical treatment
or a surgical operation prescribed by a
doctor due to its cost (compared with
21% for the total). Italians (or a mem-
ber of their household) have in total
encountered 7.1 of the 15 situations
resulting from the crisis tested, a little
more than the figure for Spaniards (6.6)
and much more than the average (5.1).
Despite everything, in both Italy and
Spain, 11% of those surveyed say that
the crisis has had the advantage of mak-
ing them discover opportunities which
they have been able to take advantage
of (more than in the four other coun-
tries surveyed).

14. 14
The British, and above all the Ger-
mans, have been the least nega-
tively affected by the crisis: only a
minority (48% of the British and
40% of the Germans) believe that
it has exacerbated the difficulties
that they have encountered. They
usually believe that the crisis has
had a neutral effect on their daily
lives (55% of Germans and 43% of
British people think that it has not
really changed things), and some
even believe that it has had a positive
effect (5% of Germans and 9% of
British people think that the crisis
has enabled them to discover oppor-
tunities which they have been able to
take advantage of).
It is consistently clear that the Ger-
mans and the British are affected by
the lowest number of the recession’s
consequences (3.2/15 on average for
the Germans and 3.8 for the British).
The British and the Germans are
also amongst those surveyed who
are most able to put money aside
at the end of the month (46% of
British people and 44% of Germans
do so compared with just 26% of
Spaniards).
The situation of the French and
Poles in this regard is intermediate:
less severely affected than the Ital-
ians and Spanish, they are however
more affected than the Germans and
British.
The majority of Poles also believe
that the crisis has exacerbated their
difficulties (65% compared with
60% overall). However, fewer Poles
than average believe that the crisis
has made things “very much” worse
(18% compared with 20%). At the
same time fewer of them manage to
put some money aside every month
(30% compared with 37%) but not
so many of them are overdrawn or
have to use their savings (18% com-
pared with 19% on average).
These results reflect an overall less
comfortable financial situation for
the Poles (more of them say they
have been very late in the payment
of bills with the risk of no longer
benefiting from the corresponding
service–41% compared with 25%
overall) compared with other Euro-
peans surveyed, but a more limited
impact of the crisis in this country.
As for the French, whilst the major-
ity of them believe that the crisis
has exacerbated the difficulties they
were facing (54%), a higher than
average number of them manage to
put some money aside every month
(43%, i.e. almost as many as the
Germans or the British). In reality
they are no doubt less affected by the
crisis than they fear. For example,
only 12% of the French say that
they or a member of their household
(compared with 28% overall) has
been unemployed following a redun-
dancy as a result of the crisis which
has existed since 2008. So based on
this indicator the French, whilst they
are extremely afraid of unemploy-
ment, are in fact the least affected of
the six countries surveyed.

15. 15
Europeans have also modified their behaviour as a
consequence.
The crisis has had a tangible impact
on the daily life of the majority of
households and over time European
households have put in place mecha-
nisms to adapt.
The modification of behaviour has
had some undeniable beneficial
effects (even if this is partly on the
basis of declarations of intent): 62%
of Europeans say that the crisis has
caused them to pay more attention
to the impact of their consumption
on their environment (71% in France
and 75% in Italy); 61% that the cri-
sis has encouraged them to be more
enterprising, to show more initiative
(68% in the United Kingdom and
66% in Poland) and finally 39%
that it has forced them to be better
insured and protected against life’s
accidents (57% in Spain, the only
country where this response is in the
majority).
These effects are beneficial when
considered in terms of the environ-
ment and the fight against waste,
but some of these behaviours have
a perverse effect: they contribute
to slowing down the economy by
reducing consumption.
88% of the Europeans questioned
say that the crisis has caused them
to waste much less (this is particu-
larly the case in the most affected
countries: 96% in Italy and 92% in
Spain) and 76% that the crisis has
forced them to reduce their con-
sumption (95% in Italy and 90%
in Spain).
Some even show they are tempted
by protectionism (or economic pat-
riotism): 65% of Europeans believe
that the crisis has caused them to
pay more attention to the origin of
the products they consume (72% in
France and 77% in Italy).
The measures put in place by house-
holds to deal with the crisis are con-
tributing to making it worse: they are
both the consequences and the causes.
60% of Europeans questioned say
that since 2008 and due to the eco-
nomic crisis, they or a member of
their household have reduced the cost
of their mobile telephone package,
Internet subscription or telephone/
computer purchase; 58% have
stopped going on holiday at least once
a year, 57% have changed their eating
habits in order to reduce the cost of
the shopping bill, 55% have turned
the heating down in their homes or
reduced the number of days that it is
on, 54% have re-organised their daily
travel in order to use less fuel and
41% have decided not to buy a new
car when they should have bought
one. The impact on consumption is
clear and affects sectors as varied as
telephony, tourism, agri-food, energy
and the automotive sector.

16. 16
Prospects for the development of
consumption over the next few
months are very worrying: in the
next few months, a majority of Euro-
peans are thinking about reducing
spending in extremely varied areas
(64% furniture expenditure, 64% the
purchase of a vehicle, 61% games and
toys, 59% household appliances and
Hi-fi, 58% wines and spirits, 56%
books, CDs and DVDs, 55% tel-
ephones, computers and tablets and
55% holidays and leisure).
Even in more essential areas, a sig-
nificant share of Europeans are antic-
ipating a fall in the amounts they
spend: 19% for food and 46% for
clothes. These figures are a good illus-
tration of the collapse of growth.
The Italians and Spanish are those
who most anticipate another reduc-
tion in their spending, including in
the area of food: 26% of Italians and
23% of Spaniards plan to make addi-
tional efforts to save in this essential
area of spending.
After the Italians and the Spanish, the
French are those who most plan to
reduce their spending over the next
few months, a sign of the severity of
the crisis in confidence which holds
sway in France and handicaps the
prospects of an upturn.

17. 17
II. Upturn still uncertain: has Europe
broken down?
The confidence of Europeans is at a low point and
feeds the crisis in confidence.
If the prospects of a development in
consumption are so bleak, it is above
all because Europeans no longer have
any confidence in the future.
They feel that the prospects of an
upturn are still a long way off: for
3 Europeans in 4, the crisis in their
country will get worse over the next
year. The French are particularly con-
vinced of this (85%, of which 23%
think that it will “get much worse”).
In this regard they are the European
pessimism champions, although no
country is spared. The Germans fear
that the European crisis will get the
better of them and 73% of them
anticipate a deterioration of the cri-
sis in their country. The Spanish for
their part are the least pessimistic.
Already very severely affected, a sig-
nificant proportion of them seem to
think that things cannot continue to
deteriorate: 40% of them think that
within a year the crisis in Spain will
ease and even end.
Europeans currently feel that they
have no real control over their lives:
50% of them think that they only
have a small amount of control, and
10% even believe that they don’t
have any. The Italians and the Span-
ish are particularly convinced that
they no longer have any control over
their lives. The only country where
the majority, albeit a very small one
(51%), believe they currently have
the power to manage their lives is
Germany.
There is no doubt that this feeling of
a loss of control causes a high level of
stress about the future. It feeds the
fear of a loss in social status (51%
of Europeans questioned think that
when their children are their age, they
will have a lower standard of living),
a fear which is particularly strong in
France (72% of French people think
this). Only the Polish are currently in
the relative majority (40%) to believe
that the following generation will
have a better life. In old Europe, the
feeling of an end of a golden age is
predominant. Europeans fear the
end of their social model. Further-
more, the strongest worry of Europe-
ans is the fear of a retirement lacking
dignity (40% mention it, and even
47% in France, 51% in Germany and
50% in Italy). The fear of losing one’s
job is mentioned much less often
(19% overall, although 25% in Spain
and 24% in Poland where shorter
term concerns are highlighted more).

18. 18
So in addition to an economic crisis,
for the countries of old Europe it is
the fear of a deeper calling into ques-
tion which is worrying.
In this context, the morale of Europe-
ans is, unsurprisingly, low, especially
when asked about their compatriots.
When they have to describe their com-
patriots’ morale using three adjectives,
they largely choose negative ones (92%
compared with 30% positive adjec-
tives). The dominating sentiments are
an ambient pessimism (45%), a latent
worry (36%) and in equal measures
resignation (32%) or anger (32%). It
is in France that the climate seems to
be the worst: 97% of French people
use at least one negative adjective to
describe the morale of their compatri-
ots, compared with 16% who use at
least one positive adjective.
Despite everything, we notice some
encouraging signs, in particular in
certain European countries: when
they consider their own situation,
Europeans are much less negative
than when they describe the morale
of their compatriots. In this case it is
the positive adjectives which dominate
(78% compared with 65% negative
adjectives), albeit only just, with the
exception of certain countries where
the difference is clearer, such as Ger-
many (87% of positive feelings com-
pared with 52% negative) or Poland
(82% positive compared with 56%
negative). In Spain, despite the severity
of the crisis, positive and negative feel-
ings are equal (73% of mentions). At
the scale of the 6 countries surveyed,
the three dominant feelings are opti-
mism (30%), caution (29%) and calm
(27%).
With regard to their personal future
paths, the majority of Europeans con-
sider them be clear (61%). Only a
minority consider their personal future
paths to be obstructed (39%, of which
just 5% “completely blocked”). Only
the French (51%) and the Italians
(55%) are in the majority in think-
ing that their personal futures are
obstructed. The most optimistic in this
regard are the Germans (80%), the
Poles (78%) and the British (66%).
Europeans no longer believe in the effectiveness of
reforms.
Whilst more and more is being asked
of them, Europeans are extremely
doubtful about the effectiveness of
the reforms.
More than half of the Europeans sur-
veyed believe that the crisis is leading
to reforms which will have negative
repercussions on the economic and
social situation of their fellow citizens
(58%). The Spanish, who are currently
paying a high price for the austerity
polices, think this the most (76%),
ahead of the French (71%), the Ital-

19. 19
ians (66%), the British (60%) and the
Germans (54%). Only the Polish are
currently in the very large majority in
thinking that the crisis is leading to
reforms which will make it possible
to improve the economic and social
situation (71% compared with 22%
who think the opposite). They are
currently no doubt those who have
the least to lose.
In addition, the crisis is considered
to be more of an obstacle to reforms
than an opportunity to carry out nec-
essary changes: only 39% of Europe-
ans believe that the crisis will allow us
to bounce back by forcing us to carry
out the necessary reforms, compared
with 47% who think on the contrary
that the crisis is preventing us from
carrying them out since they run the
risk of further aggravating the situa-
tion. Only in Germany do the major-
ity (57%) of nationals believe that the
crisis represents a good opportunity to
carry out necessary reforms, no doubt
to a large extent because in their eyes it
is a question of the other EU countries
carrying out the reforms which will
allow the Germans to stop paying for
the budgetary sins of the other coun-
tries.
Europeans do not believe in a benefi-
cial effect of the crisis. A majority of
them believe that their country will
come out of it weaker (66%, of which
27% believe that it will be “markedly
weaker”). The Spanish (76%), Italians
(73%) and French (74%) think this
the most, but this feeling also affects
the Poles (59%), the British (59%)
and the Germans (56%). Europeans
seem to be convinced that they are
stuck on a downward trajectory.

20. 20
III. Those involved in the way out of
the crisis: governments, companies
or citizens?
Bankruptcy caused by those in public life.
In the eyes of Europeans, institu-
tional figures are more responsible
for the bankruptcy of the system
than likely to enable the way out of
the crisis.
Only a minority (29%) of Europeans
believe that their governments are
proposing constructive solutions in
the face of the crisis. The solutions
proposed by the German (45%)
and British (40%) governments are
slightly better perceived, without
however arousing enthusiasm.
The opposition (24%), unions
(27%) or even the European authori-
ties (29%) are not looked on more
favourably. Furthermore, only a
small majority of Europeans (52%)
believe that the fact that their country
belongs to the EU is overall more of
an advantage. In the eyes of the Ger-
mans (57%), the British (63%) and
the Italians (53%), it is even, overall,
more of a handicap.
There is a deep mistrust of the author-
ities: Europeans feel that at the very
least they are responsible for having,
through their laxness, let the crisis
take hold, and that they are incapable
of offering solutions, and that they
even aggravate the situation.
According to the Europeans ques-
tioned, the most important prob-
lem which needs to be resolved in
order to find a way out of the crisis
is above all excessive fiscal pressure
(35% believe the excessive level of
taxes to be the first problem to solve),
ahead of the selfishness of rich people
(27%) or industrial companies which
are closing (25%). A particularly large
proportion of Italians (54%) lament
this excessive fiscal pressure, even
more than the Spanish (38%).
The very large majority of Europe-
ans do not think that the extent of
public spending cuts implemented
by their governments are big
enough either. More often than not,
they believe that their governments
are not making enough effort in this
area (57%). The French (77%) and
the Italians (81%) are particularly
persuaded of this. Almost one third
of Europeans for their part believe
that their governments are reducing
public spending too much (30%).
This is above all the case of the Span-
ish (55%) and British (50%). Finally,
only 13% of Europeans believe that
their governments are reducing pub-
lic spending “as they should be”.

21. 21
The majority of Europeans, con-
vinced of the impotence of those
in public life, even believe that it
is necessary for private companies
to take over public services which
up until now were only provided
by the State or by public authori-
ties (57%, although only 21% of
them believe this to be desirable). The
French, despite the fact that they have
long been extremely attached to the
principle of public service, are amongst
those who most consider this change
to be necessary (62%).
Recovery through European companies?
In the face of the inability of pub-
lic bodies to help find a way out of
the crisis, companies, and especially
SMEs, look like being those most
capable of finding solutions (45%
of Europeans believe that they offer
constructive solutions to the crisis,
which is the best score amongst the
various groups tested). Confidence
in the solutions proposed by SMEs is
particularly strong in France (53%),
Germany (58%) and Poland (62%).
At the heart of the economic fabric,
SMEs are the preferred players of the
economic upturn.
There is slightly less confidence in the
solutions proposed by large compa-
nies (38%). Less valued in the current
political and media rhetoric, they are
also more often suspected of collud-
ing with public authorities and the
financial system, and associated with
large-scale redundancy plans.
The difference in the confidence in
SMEs and large companies is particu-
larly strong in France (27 points) and
to a lesser extent in Spain (18 points).
This difference is much smaller in a
country such as Germany (8 points),
where large companies are much more
valued (50%). SMEs in the United
Kingdom and Italy for their part are
less valued than large companies.
Europeans are confident in the
strengths of their companies and
seem to believe that the main handi-
caps of the latter are above all the
result of action by public authorities.
When questioned on their companies,
Europeans appear to be confident in
their numerous strengths: the qual-
ity of products and services (74%),
research and technical innovation
(67%), inventiveness and innovation
in the area of products and services
(67%), the capacity to export, includ-
ing to outside Europe (66%) and the
quality of professional training (61%)
are the strengths most often put for-
ward.
Elements which are more dependent
on government however are thought
of as handicaps for companies: the
level of taxes on profits and other taxes
on companies (68%), the relationship
between wage levels and the cost of

22. 22
living (63%) or employees’ level at
foreign languages (62%), resulting
from a deficient languages education,
are in their eyes the three main weak
points of European companies, as if
the main weakness of companies were
the State.
This return to grace for the figure
of the entrepreneur is not, however,
unconditional. For companies to
be worthy of their trust, Europeans
expect them to respect a certain social
contract, in particular with regard
to the preservation of jobs. This is
the priority that they assign to the
large companies of their countries
during a period of economic crisis
(37% mention this as the first prior-
ity), well ahead of the other objectives
envisaged, including the fall in their
prices (19% mentioned first). This is
even more the case in Germany (52%
of Germans mention the preserva-
tion of employment as the first prior-
ity) where it is the non-negotiable
condition for concessions granted by
employees in the area of flexibility.
Citizens and consumers try to take back control.
Aware of the severity of the crisis,
Europeans are prepared to agree to
new efforts, so long as these do not
affect their purchasing power.
The majority of Europeans are pre-
pared to train to change profes-
sions (70%), to accept that social
services take more account of their
level of income (67% and even 75%
in France), to save more for their
retirement and to cover the risks of
dependency (66%) and even to give
up 3 to 4 days of holiday over the
year (52% of working people; 51% of
French working people). Such accept-
ance levels for such unpopular meas-
ures are an indicator of how aware
Europeans are of the seriousness
of the crisis. This does not however
mean that if they were put in place,
they would not cause major protest
movements.
Retiring one or two years later does
not however get majority approval
(41% of Europeans working are pre-
pared to accept it), except in France
(52%) and in the United Kingdom
(58%). Almost one working Euro-
pean in four say they are prepared to
move more often to change position
or job (24%).
Finally, the measures which impact
on purchasing power are the most
disputed: only 15% of Europeans
would accept a 10% fall in their
income (although 23% of Spaniards)
and 13% a 10% increase in their taxes
(the British are the least resistant to
this idea with 17% in favour, ahead
of the Spanish, with 15%).
For European citizens and consumers,
taking back control of their lives also

23. 23
no doubt involves adopting new con-
sumption behaviours. Whilst the fight
against waste and over-consumption is
participating in the slow-down of con-
sumption, it is also a remedy for the fall
or stagnation of purchasing power. It is
in this sense that the crisis could create
new beneficial consumption trends.
The development of purchases or
exchanges between private individu-
als is an obvious example of this. For a
long time confined to a few areas, it is
now spreading to a very wide range of
products: books, CDs and DVDs are
already bought or exchanged amongst
private individuals by 26% of Euro-
peans and 30% are now prepared to
do so; this also applies to games and
toys (18% do so and 28% would like
to), the purchase of a vehicle (18%
and 27%), clothes (20% and 22%),
furniture (14% and 28%), telephones/
computers/tablets (12% and 28%),
electrical appliances / Hi-fi (11% and
26%), holidays and leisure (8% and
26%) and more rarely care/cosmetics
products (7% and 16%) and wines and
spirits (6% and 17%).
Whilst these behavioural changes,
caused by the collapse of growth, may
have a negative impact on the short-
term prospects of an upturn, they may
also constitute the opportunity for a
more sustainable growth, so long as we
can capitalise on the sum of optimistic
individuals rather than be affected by
the collective ambient gloom.

24. 24
Detai
resu led
lts

25. 25
I
Social climate
and expectations

26. 26
Which three adjectives best describe your current state of mind?
+And which three adjectives best describe the state of mind which
seems most widespread among your fellow citizens?
To all
I - Social climate and expectations
30%
27%
26%
21%
13%
13%
13%
12%
8%
78%
29%
22%
14%
12%
10%
8%
8%
5%
4%
65%
7%
6%
8%
6%
5%
4%
8%
6%
3%
30%
24%
36%
45%
32%
32%
14%
11%
19%
18%
92%
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
For
yourself
For
your
fellow
ci9zens
Op9mis9c
Calm
Determined
Confident
Brave
Enterprising
Socially
responsible
Ambi9ous
Inven9ve
S/T
Posi9ve
Cau9ous
Worried
Pessimis9c
Resigned
Angry
Individualis9c
Conserva9ve
Passive
Desperate
S/T
Nega9ve
30%
27%
26%
21%
13%
13%
13%
12%
8%
78%
29%
22%
14%
12%
10%
8%
8%
5%
4%
65%
7%
6%
8%
6%
5%
4%
8%
6%
3%
30%
24%
36%
45%
32%
32%
14%
11%
19%
18%
92%
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
For
yourself
For
your
fellow
ci9zens
Op9mis9c
Calm
Determined
Confident
Brave
Enterprising
Socially
responsible
Ambi9ous
Inven9ve
S/T
Posi9ve
Cau9ous
Worried
Pessimis9c
Resigned
Angry
Individualis9c
Conserva9ve
Passive
Desperate
S/T
Nega9ve
The 3 adjectives that best describe your
current state of mind

27. 27
78%
78%
87%
73%
79%
70%
82%
65%
70%
52%
73%
67%
71%
56%
All
countries
France
Germany
Spain
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland
S/T
PosiDve
S/t
NegaDve
30%
16%
38%
25%
32%
27%
4
All
countries
France
Germany
Spain
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland
S/T
PosiDve
S/t
N
For
yourself
For
your
fellow
78%
78%
87%
73%
79%
70%
82%
65%
70%
52%
73%
67%
71%
56%
Dve
S/t
NegaDve
30%
16%
38%
25%
32%
27%
45%
92%
97%
91%
94%
89%
91%
88%
All
countries
France
Germany
Spain
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland
S/T
PosiDve
S/t
NegaDve
For
yourself
For
your
fellow
ciDzens

28. Which statement best describes your current situation?
To all
28
I - Social climate and expectations
3%
34%
37%
44%
10%
9%
You
manage
to
save
a
lot
of
money
You
manage
to
save
a
li8le
money
S/t
You
manage
to
save
money
Your
income
is
just
sufficient
to
make
ends
meet
You
are
cu?ng
a
bit
into
your
savings
You
are
overdrawn
and
living
thanks
to
one
or
more
loans
37%
43%
44%
26%
46%
29%
30%
S/T
You
manage
to
save
money
%
All
countries
Les 3 adjectifs qui correspondent
à l’état d’esprit actuel
Your current financial situation

29. Which statement best describes your current situation?
To all
29
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
You
manage
to
save
a
lot
of
money
3
2
4
1
6
2
1
You
manage
to
save
a
li9le
money
34
41
40
25
40
27
29
S/T
You
manage
to
save
money
37
43
44
26
46
29
30
Your
income
is
just
sufficient
to
make
ends
meet
44
38
39
49
34
52
52
You
are
cuCng
a
bit
into
your
savings
10
11
8
12
13
13
8
You
are
overdrawn
and
living
thanks
to
one
or
more
loans
9
8
9
13
7
6
10
S/t
You
live
on
your
savings
or
loans
19
19
17
25
20
19
18

30. Have you or someone in your household,
at any given time since 2008 and due to
the economic crisis...?
To all
I - Social climate and expectations
30
60
58
57
55
54
41
35
40
42
43
45
46
59
65
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
household
No
Reduced
the
cost
of
your
mobile
phone
contract,
internet
subscripBon
or
purchase
of
a
new
telephone
or
computer
Decided
not
to
go
on
holiday
at
least
once
a
year
Changed
your
cooking
or
eaBng
habits
to
cut
your
grocery
costs
Reduced
the
temperature
or
the
number
of
days
during
which
the
heaBng
is
switched
on
in
your
home
Reorganized
your
daily
travel
to
use
less
fuel
Decided
not
to
buy
a
new
car
at
the
Bme
you
should
have
done
so
Given
or
lent
money
to
your
children
or
grandchildren
in
order
to
help
them
manage
60
58
57
55
54
41
35
40
42
43
45
46
59
65
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
household
No
Reduced
the
cost
of
your
mobile
phone
contract,
internet
subscripBon
or
purchase
of
a
new
telephone
or
computer
Decided
not
to
go
on
holiday
at
least
once
a
year
Changed
your
cooking
or
eaBng
habits
to
cut
your
grocery
costs
Reduced
the
temperature
or
the
number
of
days
during
which
the
heaBng
is
switched
on
in
your
home
Reorganized
your
daily
travel
to
use
less
fuel
Decided
not
to
buy
a
new
car
at
the
Bme
you
should
have
done
so
Given
or
lent
money
to
your
children
or
grandchildren
in
order
to
help
them
manage
60
58
57
55
54
41
35
40
42
43
45
46
59
65
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
household
No
t,
internet
computer
nce
a
year
ur
grocery
costs
ays
during
our
home
e
less
fuel
ould
have
done
so
hildren
in
m
manage
Impact of the economic crisis

31. Have you or someone in your household,
at any given time since 2008 and due to
the economic crisis...?
To all
31
Discon'nued
your
job
search
for
several
months
or
years
since
you
could
not
find
any
suitable
offers
Been
unemployed
a;er
being
made
redundant
(on
economic
grounds)
Fallen
into
considerable
arrears
with
the
payment
of
invoices,
at
the
risk
of
no
longer
enjoying
the
service
in
ques'on
Given
up
on
the
house
or
flat
you
wanted
to
buy
Decided
not
to
receive
medical
treatment
or
a
surgical
opera'on
prescribed
by
a
doctor
due
to
the
expense
Had
to
move
house
because
you
could
no
longer
pay
off
your
loan
or
the
rent
Been
forced
to
abandon
your
higher
educa'on
due
to
the
registra'on
or
tui'on
fees
only
Accommodate
someone
you
know
who
lost
his/her
home
28
28
25
22
21
10
10
10
72
72
75
77
79
90
90
90
1
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
household
No
Don't
know
Discon'nued
your
job
search
for
several
months
or
years
since
you
could
not
find
any
suitable
offers
Been
unemployed
a;er
being
made
redundant
(on
economic
grounds)
Fallen
into
considerable
arrears
with
the
payment
of
invoices,
at
the
risk
of
no
longer
enjoying
the
service
in
ques'on
Given
up
on
the
house
or
flat
you
wanted
to
buy
Decided
not
to
receive
medical
treatment
or
a
surgical
opera'on
prescribed
by
a
doctor
due
to
the
expense
Had
to
move
house
because
you
could
no
longer
pay
off
your
loan
or
the
rent
Been
forced
to
abandon
your
higher
educa'on
due
to
the
registra'on
or
tui'on
fees
only
Accommodate
someone
you
know
who
lost
his/her
home
28
28
25
22
21
10
10
10
72
72
75
77
79
90
90
90
1
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
household
No
Don't
know

32. 32
Have you or someone in your household,
at any given time since 2008 and due to
the economic crisis...?
To all
I - Social climate and expectations
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Reduced
the
cost
of
your
mobile
phone
contract,
internet
subscrip6on
or
purchase
of
a
new
telephone
or
computer
60
62
34
75
45
74
68
Decided
not
to
go
on
holiday
at
least
once
a
year
58
52
46
72
41
76
59
Changed
your
cooking
or
ea6ng
habits
to
cut
your
grocery
costs
57
58
32
66
56
75
56
Reduced
the
temperature
or
the
number
of
days
during
which
the
hea6ng
is
switched
on
in
your
home
55
54
33
69
58
68
46
Reorganized
your
daily
travel
to
use
less
fuel
54
58
35
68
44
73
47
Decided
not
to
buy
a
new
car
at
the
6me
you
should
have
done
so
41
38
28
49
21
62
47
Given
or
lent
money
to
your
children
or
grandchildren
in
order
to
help
them
manage
35
31
24
35
33
41
47
S/T
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
houseold
Impact of the economic crisis

33. 33
Have you or someone in your household,
at any given time since 2008 and due to
the economic crisis...?
To all
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Discon'nued
your
job
search
for
several
months
or
years
since
you
could
not
find
any
suitable
offers
28
12
15
49
17
41
29
Been
unemployed
a;er
being
made
redundant
(on
economic
grounds)
28
12
15
49
17
41
30
Fallen
into
considerable
arrears
with
the
payment
of
invoices,
at
the
risk
of
no
longer
enjoying
the
service
in
ques'on
25
12
17
34
10
36
41
Given
up
on
the
house
or
flat
you
wanted
to
buy
22
19
14
28
7
35
30
Decided
not
to
receive
medical
treatment
or
a
surgical
opera'on
prescribed
by
a
doctor
due
to
the
expense
21
19
15
19
8
42
23
Had
to
move
house
because
you
could
no
longer
pay
off
your
loan
or
the
rent
10
7
5
16
5
16
12
Been
forced
to
abandon
your
higher
educa'on
due
to
the
registra'on
or
tui'on
fees
only
10
6
5
14
6
14
16
Accommodate
someone
you
know
who
lost
his/her
home
10
10
5
15
7
14
11
S/T
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
houseold
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Reduced
the
cost
of
your
mobile
phone
contract,
internet
subscrip6on
or
purchase
of
a
new
telephone
or
computer
60
62
34
75
45
74
68
Decided
not
to
go
on
holiday
at
least
once
a
year
58
52
46
72
41
76
59
Changed
your
cooking
or
ea6ng
habits
to
cut
your
grocery
costs
57
58
32
66
56
75
56
Reduced
the
temperature
or
the
number
of
days
during
which
the
hea6ng
is
switched
on
in
your
home
55
54
33
69
58
68
46
Reorganized
your
daily
travel
to
use
less
fuel
54
58
35
68
44
73
47
Decided
not
to
buy
a
new
car
at
the
6me
you
should
have
done
so
41
38
28
49
21
62
47
Given
or
lent
money
to
your
children
or
grandchildren
in
order
to
help
them
manage
35
31
24
35
33
41
47
S/T
Yes,
yourself
or
someone
in
your
houseold

34. 34
I - Social climate and expectations
Have you or someone in your household,
at any given time since 2008 and due to
the economic crisis...?
To all
Impact of the economic crisis
34
10%
47%
35%
8%
All
countries
0
situa6on
encountered
1
to
5
situa6ons
encountered
6
to
10
situa6ons
encountered
11
to
15
situa6ons
encountered
Situa6ons
encountered
on
average
(yourself
or
someone
in
your
houseold)
5.1
4.5
3.2
6.6
3.8
7.1
5.6
All
countries:
90%
of
the
households
have
encountered
at
least
one
of
the
situa1ons
listed
which
are
consequences
of
the
crisis
40
20

35. 35
When thinking of the economic crisis
which started in 2008, how would you assess
its consequences on your everyday life?
To all
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
35
Consequences on everyday life
8%
32%
0%
0%
All
countries
It
helped
me
discover
opportuni9es
from
which
I
have
benefited
It
did
not
really
change
anything;
my
situa9on
is
almost
the
same
as
before
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
bit
worse
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
lot
worse
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=
It
helped
me
discover
opportuni9es
from
which
I
have
benefited
8
8
5
11
9
11
It
did
not
really
change
anything;
my
situa9on
is
almost
the
same
as
before
32
38
55
17
43
10
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
bit
worse
40
40
29
43
33
44
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
lot
worse
20
14
11
29
15
35
S/T
It
made
the
difficul9es
worse
60
54
40
72
48
79
8%
32%
40%
20%
All
countries
It
helped
me
discover
opportuni9es
from
which
I
have
benefited
It
did
not
really
change
anything;
my
situa9on
is
almost
the
same
as
before
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
bit
worse
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
lot
worse
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
It
helped
me
discover
opportuni9es
from
which
I
have
benefited
8
8
5
11
9
11
7
It
did
not
really
change
anything;
my
situa9on
is
almost
the
same
as
before
32
38
55
17
43
10
28
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
bit
worse
40
40
29
43
33
44
47
It
made
the
difficul9es
I
was
experiencing
a
lot
worse
20
14
11
29
15
35
18
S/T
It
made
the
difficul9es
worse
60
54
40
72
48
79
65

36. Do you strongly agree, tend to agree,
tend to disagree or strongly disagree
with each of the following statements?
To all
I - Social climate and expectations
36
45
38
26
20
18
11
43
38
39
42
43
28
8
19
26
28
29
41
4
5
9
10
10
20
Strongly
agree
Tend
to
agree
Tend
to
disagree
Strongly
disagree
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
be
less
wasteful
The
crisis
forces
me
to
reduce
my
consumpAon
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
pay
more
aBenAon
to
the
origin
of
the
products
which
I
consume
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
pay
more
aBenAon
to
the
environmental
impact
of
my
consumpAon
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
be
more
enterprising
and
to
take
more
iniAaAve
The
crisis
forces
me
to
get
beBer
insurance
and
to
beBer
protect
myself
against
the
risk
of
personal
accidents
88
76
65
62
61
39
S/T
Agree
%
12
24
35
38
39
61
S/T
Not
agree
%
Impact of the crisis on behaviours

37. Do you strongly agree, tend to agree,
tend to disagree or strongly disagree
with each of the following statements?
To all
37
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
be
less
wasteful
88
91
79
92
89
96
81
The
crisis
forces
me
to
reduce
my
consump=on
76
80
55
90
72
95
63
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
pay
more
aAen=on
to
the
origin
of
the
products
which
I
consume
65
72
56
67
51
77
68
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
pay
more
aAen=on
to
the
environmental
impact
of
my
consump=on
62
71
64
57
50
75
55
The
crisis
prompts
me
to
be
more
enterprising
and
to
take
more
ini=a=ve
61
55
60
59
68
61
66
The
crisis
forces
me
to
get
beAer
insurance
and
to
beAer
protect
myself
against
the
risk
of
personal
accidents
39
46
30
57
23
37
39
Average
number
of
posi=ve
consequences
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.2
3.5
4.4
3.7
S/T
Agree

38. 38
I - Social climate and expectations
Some people think they are in control of the way
their life unfolds. Others think they have little real
power over what happens to them. Currently,
would you say that...?
To all
Control over the way life unfolds
38
40%
50%
10%
All
countries
You
are
in
control
of
the
way
your
life
unfolds
You
have
li:le
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
You
have
no
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
You
are
in
control
of
the
way
your
life
unfolds
40
40
51
33
45
30
39
You
have
li:le
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
50
52
43
50
48
57
52
You
have
no
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
10
8
6
17
7
13
9
40%
50%
10%
All
countries
You
are
in
control
of
the
way
your
life
unfolds
You
have
li:le
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
You
have
no
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
You
are
in
control
of
the
way
your
life
unfolds
40
40
51
33
45
30
You
have
li:le
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
50
52
43
50
48
57
You
have
no
real
power
over
what
happens
to
you
10
8
6
17
7
13

39. 39
When you think of your future, you would say that it is...
To all
Perception of your personal future
39
15%
46%
34%
5%
All
countries
Completely
open
Slightly
open
Slightly
blocked
Completely
blocked
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Completely
open
15
5
19
10
21
6
30
Slightly
open
46
44
61
41
45
39
48
S/t
Open
61
49
80
51
66
45
78
Slightly
blocked
34
46
17
44
27
47
19
Completely
blocked
5
5
3
5
7
8
3
S/t
Blocked
39
51
20
49
34
55
22
S/t
Open
61%
S/t
Blocked
39%
15%
46%
34%
5%
All
countries
Completely
open
Slightly
open
Slightly
blocked
Completely
blocked
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Completely
open
15
5
19
10
21
6
30
Slightly
open
46
44
61
41
45
39
48
S/t
Open
61
49
80
51
66
45
78
Slightly
blocked
34
46
17
44
27
47
19
Completely
blocked
5
5
3
5
7
8
3
S/t
Blocked
39
51
20
49
34
55
22
S/t
Open
61%
Blocked
39%

40. When you think of the future, what are you personally
most afraid of?
To all
I - Social climate and expectations
40
40%
24%
21%
19%
14%
12%
10%
10%
7%
7%
1%
No
longer
being
able
to
age
in
dignified
condi7ons
No
longer
being
able
to
pay
your
bills
No
longer
being
able
to
receive
proper
health
treatment
Losing
your
job
That
your
children
will
be
forced
to
abandon
their
higher
educa7on
Losing
your
home
Not
being
able
to
pay
off
your
loans
No
longer
having
the
means
to
eat
as
you
do
today
No
longer
being
able
to
go
on
holiday
Having
to
limit
your
travel
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
Total
100:
two
answers
possible
Strongest concerns for
your personal future

41. When you think of the future, what are you personally
most afraid of?
To all
41
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
No
longer
being
able
to
age
in
dignified
condi3ons
40
47
51
28
31
50
36
No
longer
being
able
to
pay
your
bills
24
18
20
26
31
14
31
No
longer
being
able
to
receive
proper
health
treatment
21
25
28
8
17
23
28
Losing
your
job
19
17
13
25
18
18
24
That
your
children
will
be
forced
to
abandon
their
higher
educa3on
14
14
7
24
6
28
6
Losing
your
home
12
11
7
25
14
8
9
Not
being
able
to
pay
off
your
loans
10
11
9
13
7
7
16
No
longer
having
the
means
to
eat
as
you
do
today
10
9
11
13
7
13
5
No
longer
being
able
to
go
on
holiday
7
7
8
4
10
4
8
Having
to
limit
your
travel
7
8
9
3
10
6
8
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
1
1
1
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐
Total
100:
two
answers
possible
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
No
longer
being
able
to
age
in
dignified
condi3ons
40
47
51
28
31
50
36
No
longer
being
able
to
pay
your
bills
24
18
20
26
31
14
31
No
longer
being
able
to
receive
proper
health
treatment
21
25
28
8
17
23
28
Losing
your
job
19
17
13
25
18
18
24
That
your
children
will
be
forced
to
abandon
their
higher
educa3on
14
14
7
24
6
28
6
Losing
your
home
12
11
7
25
14
8
9
Not
being
able
to
pay
off
your
loans
10
11
9
13
7
7
16
No
longer
having
the
means
to
eat
as
you
do
today
10
9
11
13
7
13
5
No
longer
being
able
to
go
on
holiday
7
7
8
4
10
4
8
Having
to
limit
your
travel
7
8
9
3
10
6
8
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
1
1
1
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐
Total
100:
two
answers
possible

42. 42
I - Social climate and expectations
When your children are your age,
you think they will live...?
To all
Trust in the future of
your children
42
27%
51%
21%
1%
All
countries
Be3er
than
you
at
your
age
Not
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
Just
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
Don't
know
/
No
answer
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Be3er
than
you
at
your
age
27
11
20
32
29
30
40
Not
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
51
72
53
50
45
58
31
Just
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
21
17
27
18
25
12
29
Don't
know
/
No
answer
1
-­‐
-­‐
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐
27%
51%
21%
1%
All
countries
Be3er
than
you
at
your
age
Not
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
Just
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
Don't
know
/
No
answer
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Be3er
than
you
at
your
age
27
11
20
32
29
30
40
Not
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
51
72
53
50
45
58
31
Just
as
well
as
you
at
your
age
21
17
27
18
25
12
29
Don't
know
/
No
answer
1
-­‐
-­‐
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐

43. 43
In the coming year, would you say that the crisis
in your country will...?
To all
Evolution of the crisis
in the coming year
43
Get
much
worse
Get
slightly
worse
Get
slightly
be9er
Will
almost
or
completely
end
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Get
much
worse
20
23
9
13
25
26
22
Get
slightly
worse
55
62
64
47
53
52
54
S/t
Get
worse
75
85
73
60
78
78
76
Get
slightly
be9er
23
15
23
37
22
21
18
Will
almost
or
completely
end
2
-­‐
4
3
-­‐
1
6
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25
15
27
40
22
22
24
20%
55%
23%
2%
All
countries
Get
much
worse
Get
slightly
worse
Get
slightly
be9er
Will
almost
or
completely
end
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Get
much
worse
20
23
9
13
25
26
22
Get
slightly
worse
55
62
64
47
53
52
54
S/t
Get
worse
75
85
73
60
78
78
76
Get
slightly
be9er
23
15
23
37
22
21
18
Will
almost
or
completely
end
2
-­‐
4
3
-­‐
1
6
S/T
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25
15
27
40
22
22
24
S/t
Get
worse
75%
S/t
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25%
20%
55%
23%
2%
All
countries
Get
much
worse
Get
slightly
worse
Get
slightly
be9er
Will
almost
or
completely
end
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Get
much
worse
20
23
9
13
25
26
22
Get
slightly
worse
55
62
64
47
53
52
54
S/t
Get
worse
75
85
73
60
78
78
76
Get
slightly
be9er
23
15
23
37
22
21
18
Will
almost
or
completely
end
2
-­‐
4
3
-­‐
1
6
S/T
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25
15
27
40
22
22
24
S/t
Get
worse
75%
S/t
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25%
20%
55%
23%
2%
All
countries
Get
much
worse
Get
slightly
worse
Get
slightly
be9er
Will
almost
or
completely
end
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Get
much
worse
20
23
9
13
25
26
22
Get
slightly
worse
55
62
64
47
53
52
54
S/t
Get
worse
75
85
73
60
78
78
76
Get
slightly
be9er
23
15
23
37
22
21
18
Will
almost
or
completely
end
2
-­‐
4
3
-­‐
1
6
S/T
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25
15
27
40
22
22
24
S/t
Get
worse
75%
S/t
Get
slightly
be9er
or
completely
end
25%

44. 44
I - Social climate and expectations
Which of the following statements
is closer to your opinion?
To all
The crisis: opportunity or obstacle
to necessary reforms?
44
39
33
57
34
32
36
42
47
52
35
49
53
51
40
14
15
8
17
15
13
18
The
crisis
enables
us
to
get
back
on
our
feet
by
forcing
us
to
make
the
necessary
reforms
The
crisis
prevents
us
from
making
the
necessary
reforms,
since
they
could
worsen
the
situaDon
of
ciDzens
of
your
country
Don't
know
/
No
answer
39
33
57
34
32
36
42
47
52
35
49
53
51
40
14
15
8
17
15
13
18
The
crisis
enables
us
to
get
back
on
our
feet
by
forcing
us
to
make
the
necessary
reforms
The
crisis
prevents
us
from
making
the
necessary
reforms,
since
they
could
worsen
the
situaDon
of
ciDzens
of
your
country
Don't
know
/
No
answer
All
countries
France
Germany
Spain
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland

45. 45
Which of the following statements
is closer to your opinion?
To all
Impact of the reforms
generated by the crisis
45
58
71
54
76
60
66
22
34
23
38
18
28
25
71
8
6
8
6
12
9
7
The
crisis
generates
reforms
that
will
have
a
nega=ve
impact
on
the
economic
and
social
situa=on
of
ci=zens
of
your
country
The
crisis
generates
reforms
that
will
help
improve
the
economic
and
social
situa=on
of
ci=zens
of
your
country
Don't
know
/
No
answer
58
71
54
76
60
66
22
34
23
38
18
28
25
71
8
6
8
6
12
9
7
The
crisis
generates
reforms
that
will
have
a
nega=ve
impact
on
the
economic
and
social
situa=on
of
ci=zens
of
your
country
The
crisis
generates
reforms
that
will
help
improve
the
economic
and
social
situa=on
of
ci=zens
of
your
country
Don't
know
/
No
answer
All
countries
France
Germany
Spain
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland

46. 46
I - Social climate and expectations
Considering your country’s economic situation
prior to the crisis, do you think it will emerge
from the crisis...?
To all
Impact of the crisis on the economic
strength of your country
6%
28%
39%
27%
All
countries
Much
stronger
A
li7le
stronger
A
li7le
less
stronger
Much
less
stronger
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Much
stronger
6
3
5
4
6
5
10
A
li7le
stronger
28
23
39
20
35
22
31
S/t
Stronger
34
26
44
24
41
27
41
A
li7le
less
stronger
39
45
39
35
38
41
36
Much
less
stronger
27
29
17
41
21
32
23
S/t
Less
stronger
66
74
56
76
59
73
59
S/t
Stronger
34%
S/t
Less
stronger
66%
6%
28%
39%
27%
All
countries
Much
stronger
A
li7le
stronger
A
li7le
less
stronger
Much
less
stronger
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=10
Much
stronger
6
3
5
4
6
5
A
li7le
stronger
28
23
39
20
35
22
S/t
Stronger
34
26
44
24
41
27
A
li7le
less
stronger
39
45
39
35
38
41
Much
less
stronger
27
29
17
41
21
32
S/t
Less
stronger
66
74
56
76
59
73
S/t
Stronger
34%
S/t
Less
stronger
66%

47. 47
II
Stakeholders
and their state of mind

48. For each of the following players, would you say
that they offer constructive solutions in the face of
the economic crisis?
To all
II - Stakeholders and their state of mind
48
11
7
5
6
5
5
34
31
24
23
22
19
37
40
41
35
40
42
17
22
29
36
32
33
1
1
1
1
Yes,
absolutely
Yes,
somewhat
No,
not
really
No,
not
at
all
Don't
know
/
No
answer
SMEs
Big
companies
European
insHtuHons
The
government
Trade
unions
The
opposiHon
45
38
29
29
27
24
54
62
70
71
72
75
S/T
No
%
S/T
Yes
%
Constructiveness of solutions
proposed by a series of stakeholders

49. For each of the following players, would you say
that they offer constructive solutions in the face of
the economic crisis?
To all
49
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
SMEs
45
53
58
46
26
24
62
Big
companies
38
26
50
28
40
34
48
European
instuons
29
20
36
26
19
25
52
The
government
29
21
45
19
40
15
31
Trade
unions
27
20
40
18
25
22
37
The
opposion
24
25
37
16
26
20
24
S/T
Yes

50. 50
II - Stakeholders and their state of mind
Do you think your country’s government
is reducing public expenditure too much,
not enough or just as required?
To all
Opinion on the reduction of public
expenditure by your government
50
30%
57%
13%
All
countries
Too
much
Not
enough
Just
as
required
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Too
much
30
12
22
55
50
13
29
Not
enough
57
77
56
37
28
81
62
Just
as
required
13
11
22
8
22
6
9
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
SMEs
45
53
58
46
26
24
62
Big
companies
38
26
50
28
40
34
48
European
instuons
29
20
36
26
19
25
52
The
government
29
21
45
19
40
15
31
Trade
unions
27
20
40
18
25
22
37
The
opposion
24
25
37
16
26
20
24
S/T
Yes
30%
57%
13%
All
countries
Too
much
Not
enough
Just
as
required
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
Too
much
30
12
22
55
50
13
Not
enough
57
77
56
37
28
81
Just
as
required
13
11
22
8
22
6

51. 51
III
Strengths
and weaknesses

52. Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
III - Strengths and weaknesses
52
The
high
level
of
taxes
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
The
level
of
immigra8on
Excessive
compensa8on
requirements
of
shareholders
and
CEOs
The
unsuitability
of
the
educa8onal
system
to
the
world
of
employment
The
exodus
of
talent
and
young
people
The
excessive
opening
of
borders
to
foreign
products
The
lack
of
growth
prospects
for
people
in
society
Corpora8sm,
special
interest
groups
35%
27%
25%
24%
23%
16%
15%
14%
14%
13%
Problems to solve in priority
in order to end the crisis

53. Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
53
Total
100:
three
answe
possible
Lack
of
dialogue
between
social
partners
(employees,
employers,
State,
etc.)
The
non-­‐renewal
of
the
poli8cal
elite
and
leaders
Overly
restric8ve
recruitment
and
dismissal
rules
Lack
of
public-­‐spirit
The
inadequate
financing
of
social
protec8on
Lack
of
confidence
in
scien8fic
research
and
innova8on
Low
birth
rate
(low
number
of
births)
Fear
of
change
The
state
of
mind
of
the
media
Defea8sm
and
the
fear
of
decline
12%
12%
11%
10%
10%
8%
7%
6%
6%
4%
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
f
dialogue
between
social
partners
(employees,
employers,
State,
etc.)
e
non-­‐renewal
of
the
poli8cal
elite
and
leaders
verly
restric8ve
recruitment
and
dismissal
rules
Lack
of
public-­‐spirit
The
inadequate
financing
of
social
protec8on
onfidence
in
scien8fic
research
and
innova8on
Low
birth
rate
(low
number
of
births)
Fear
of
change
The
state
of
mind
of
the
media
Defea8sm
and
the
fear
of
decline
12%
12%
11%
10%
10%
8%
7%
6%
6%
4%
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
Lack
of
dialogue
between
social
partners
(employees,
employers,
State,
etc.)
The
non-­‐renewal
of
the
poli8cal
elite
and
leaders
Overly
restric8ve
recruitment
and
dismissal
rules
Lack
of
public-­‐spirit
The
inadequate
financing
of
social
protec8on
Lack
of
confidence
in
scien8fic
research
and
innova8on
Low
birth
rate
(low
number
of
births)
Fear
of
change
The
state
of
mind
of
the
media
Defea8sm
and
the
fear
of
decline
12%
12%
11%
10%
10%
8%
7%
6%
6%
4%

54. 54
Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
III - Strengths and weaknesses
Problems to solve in priority
in order to end the crisis
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
Top
3
1.
Excessive
compensa2on
requirements
of
shareholders
and
CEOs
(35%)
2.
The
high
level
of
taxes
(32%)
3.
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
(32%)
Top
3
1.
The
high
level
of
taxes
(38%)
2.
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
(33%)
3.
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
(23%)
and
the
exodus
of
talent
and
young
people(23%)
Top
3
1.
Excessive
compensa2on
requirements
of
shareholders
and
CEOs
(37%)
2.
The
level
of
immigra2on
(30%)
3.
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
(27%)
France
Spain
Germany

55. 55
Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
Total
100:
three
answers
possible
Top
3
1. The
high
level
of
taxes
(54%)
2.
Manufacturingcompanies
which
are
closing
(34%)
3.
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
(23%)
Top
3
1.
The
high
level
of
taxes
(38%)
2.
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
(33%)
3.
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
(23%)
and
the
exodus
of
talent
and
young
people(23%)
Top
3
1.
The
level
of
immigraDon
(55%)
2.
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
(32%)
3.
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
(32%)
Great
Britain
Poland
Italy

56. 56
Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
III - Strengths and weaknesses
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
The
high
level
of
taxes
35
26
32
38
20
54
37
The
selfishness
of
the
rich
27
20
32
33
32
23
21
Manufacturing
companies
which
are
closing
25
27
11
23
32
34
23
The
level
of
immigra8on
24
30
21
20
55
14
6
Excessive
compensa8on
requirements
of
shareholders
and
CEOs
23
37
35
13
28
17
9
The
unsuitability
of
the
educa8onal
system
to
the
world
of
employment
16
18
23
16
12
9
20
The
exodus
of
talent
and
young
people
15
10
14
23
5
19
20
The
excessive
opening
of
borders
to
foreign
products
14
24
7
12
20
11
8
The
lack
of
growth
prospects
for
people
in
society
14
8
10
10
22
10
23
Corpora8sm,
special
interest
groups
13
12
23
10
5
14
12
Problems to solve in priority
in order to end the crisis

57. 57
Among the following problems, which three
need to be solved as a priority in your country
in order to end the crisis as quickly as possible?
To all
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
Lack
of
dialogue
between
social
partners
(employees,
employers,
State,
etc.)
12
10
15
13
5
10
19
The
non-­‐renewal
of
the
poli?cal
elite
and
leaders
12
7
4
22
5
10
25
Overly
restric?ve
recruitment
and
dismissal
rules
11
13
6
17
4
17
11
Lack
of
public-­‐spirit
10
11
10
5
10
12
10
The
inadequate
financing
of
social
protec?on
10
11
11
9
8
8
12
Lack
of
confidence
in
scien?fic
research
and
innova?on
8
7
5
14
5
11
4
Low
birth
rate
(low
number
of
births)
7
1
16
3
1
3
16
Fear
of
change
6
8
5
5
4
6
5
The
state
of
mind
of
the
media
6
8
5
2
9
2
7
Defea?sm
and
the
fear
of
decline
4
4
3
4
7
3
4
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
-­‐
-­‐
-­‐
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐

58. 58
III - Strengths and weaknesses
For your country, do you think that belonging to
the European Union is on the whole…?
To all
Belonging to the EU,
asset or disadvantage?
58
21%
36%
43%
All
countries
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
21
23
19
15
15
25
29
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
36
39
40
30
38
36
33
S/t
It
is
necessary
57
62
59
45
53
61
62
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
43
38
41
55
47
39
38
S/t
It
is
necessary
57%
52%
48%
All
countries
An
asset
A
disadvantage
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
An
asset
52
55
42
59
36
47
70
A
disadvantage
48
45
57
41
63
53
30
Don’t
know
-­‐
-­‐
1
-­‐
1
-­‐
-­‐
52%
48%
All
countries
An
asset
A
disadvantage
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
An
asset
52
55
42
59
36
47
A
disadvantage
48
45
57
41
63
53
Don’t
know
-­‐
-­‐
1
-­‐
1
-­‐

59. 59
What do you think of the fact that private companies
are taking responsibility for public services that only
the State or public authorities provided until present?
To all
Opinion on the fact private companies
are taking responsability for public services
59
21%
36%
43%
All
countries
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
21
23
19
15
15
25
29
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
36
39
40
30
38
36
33
S/t
It
is
necessary
57
62
59
45
53
61
62
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
43
38
41
55
47
39
38
S/t
It
is
necessary
57%
21%
36%
ries
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
It
is
necessary
and
desirable
21
23
19
15
15
25
29
It
is
necessary,
although
I
do
not
want
it
36
39
40
30
38
36
33
S/t
It
is
necessary
57
62
59
45
53
61
62
It
is
neither
necessary,
nor
desirable
43
38
41
55
47
39
38
S/t
It
is
necessary
57%

60. What are your main expectations
for the major companies in your country
during this time of economic crisis?
To all
III - Strengths and weaknesses
60
37%
19%
10%
8%
7%
6%
4%
4%
3%
2%
Firstly
That
they
endeavour
to
safeguard
the
jobs
of
their
employees
That
they
lower
their
prices
(by
reducing
their
margins)
That
they
supply
to
small
and
medium
local
enterprises
as
a
priority
That
they
offer
more
economical
product
formats,
which
are
less
wasteful
That
they
are
more
transparent
about
the
origin
and
more
rigorous
about
the
traceability
of
their
products
That
they
are
more
transparent
about
their
margins
and
the
cost
of
the
products
they
sell
That
they
favour
small
or
local
shops
to
sell
their
products
That
they
offer
beFer
rewards
for
customer
loyalty
That
they
offer
more
tailored
or
customised
(adjustable)
products
to
consumers
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
76%
64%
57%
60%
50%
51%
37%
40%
38%
1%
Total
answers
Total
100:
several
answers
possible
Expectations for the major companies
in time of crisis

61. What are your main expectations
for the major companies in your country
during this time of economic crisis?
To all
61
All
countries
n=6198
n=1021
n=1013
n=1059
n=1040
n=1009
n=1056
That
they
endeavour
to
safeguard
the
jobs
of
their
employees
37
36
52
42
25
38
31
That
they
lower
their
prices
(by
reducing
their
margins)
19
20
10
20
24
19
21
That
they
supply
to
small
and
medium
local
enterprises
as
a
priority
10
14
8
10
4
12
11
That
they
offer
more
economical
product
formats,which
are
less
wasteful
8
6
8
8
9
9
8
That
they
are
more
transparent
about
the
origin
and
more
rigorous
about
the
traceability
of
their
products
7
9
7
4
10
7
8
That
they
are
more
transparent
about
their
margins
and
the
cost
of
the
products
they
sell
6
7
4
7
8
5
6
That
they
favour
small
or
local
shops
to
sell
their
products
4
3
3
3
6
2
4
That
they
offer
beFer
rewards
for
customer
loyalty
4
2
3
2
7
4
5
That
they
offer
more
tailored
or
customised
(adjustable)
products
to
consumers
3
2
4
3
4
3
3
Don’t
know
/
No
answer
2
1
1
1
3
1
3
Firstly