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Affective Communication, Social and Biological Roots
1. Nelson Zagalo (and Albertino Gonçalves) University of Minho, Portugal 9th Conference of the European Sociological Associatio n 2-5 September 2009 - Lisbon
12. Frijda (1986) "defines sadness as "the situational meaning structure of emptiness.. the explicit absence of something valued... (as) loss" (p.199). This absence should then be framed within "the notion that absence will be forever" (p.200) Barr-Zisowitz (2000) defined the distinctions between sadness and: fear, guilt and anger. Against fear, sadness responds to something already happened, while fear answer anticipates events. From guilt, sadness shows no responsibility for what happened. Anger is the response against someone responsible for the situation, while sadness blames no one.
13. Following the circumplex model (Russell, 1980), sadness means a negative non-active experience - Passivity. The opposite polar from the continua dimension of happiness.
14. Sadness enhances the attention of the self focus (Sedikides 2000). Turning inside, avoids remembrances of loss. On the other side, Passivity and absence of communication, enhances the call for attention, the call for comforting (following the principle of the Impossibility to Not Communicate from Watzlawick et al. (1967)).
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Notas del editor
I really like the main intention of your paper. But there is one point which I think is not quite clear in the draft: You are trying to describe 'the impact of biological emotions' in the paper and its linkage to communication. Could you describe a little bit more what 'biological emotions' are? From my point of view every emotion has a biological background (due to our bodily reactions), but every emotion also has a social component (due to learned feeling rules etc). So e.g. fear is leading automatically to special responses to dangerous situations (fight or flight) but in our social surroundings fear is not always leading to these outcomes. Sometimes fear can result in actions trying to cope with the dangerous situation and in this way the fear is already connected with cognitive aspects and not any more just a biological automatism. Please take in mind, that considering our very rigid timetable (at about only 12 minutes for each presentation, if we want to have some time left for discussion), it would be necessary to concentrate your presentation on few main points, which you want to be discussed or kept in mind after the conference. Therefore I would suggest to concentrate on some of the mentioned six basic emotions; to discuss all of them might not be possible in the available time.