1. The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the invention of the lithium-ion battery, which has become ubiquitous in electric vehicles and other devices. 2. Electric vehicles are fun to drive and accelerate quickly, while producing no carbon emissions, helping save the planet. They also save owners money on fuel costs. 3. According to an MIT study, a nuclear reactor build-out could fully decarbonize the world's electric power sector within 30 years, and make wind and solar power up to four times cheaper by reducing the need for expensive energy storage to provide 24/7 power.

1. 1. 2019 Nobel Prize for Li-Battery
2. EVs, Fun Saving Florida/Planet
Paul H. Carr, IEEE Life Fellow

2. 2. Electric Vehicles: Fun Saving FL/Planet

3. ADDITIONAL TOPICS
3. Why carbon free energy to save our planet ?
4. LI-ION UTILITY SCALE ENERGY STORAGE:
Make intermittent wind and solar available
24/7 ?

4. Goodenough, Whittingham, and Yoshino share 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
For the now ubiquitous lithium-ion battery that got its start shortly before the
1973 oil crisis. The American Energy Commission asked John Goodenough, who
was then at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, to evaluate M Stanley Whittingham’s
battery at Exxon.
• Whittingham’s lithium-ion battery had a Lithium Titanium Disulfide cathode and
an inflammable lithium metal anode, as illustrated here.
• Titanium Disulfide intercalates Lithium ions, making the battery rechargeable.
• During charging, the Lithium developed dendrite whiskers that shorted the
battery causing serious fires at Exxon that ended the project.

5. • In 1956, Geologist M. King Hubbert predicted
the 1970 peak in US oil production.
• EVs might make up for the decrease.

6. • John Goodenough, who had moved from Lincoln to Oxford U, in 1980 replaced the
cathode with lithium cobalt oxide that increased the voltage from 2 V to 4 V.
• Akira Yoshino in Japan replaced the inflammable Li anode with petroleum coke
graphite (1986). In 1991 Sony started commercializing it for electronic devices.

8. Why researching magnetic oxides?

9. A 32 x 32 magnetic core memory plane
storing 1024 bits (or 128 bytes) of data.
Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access
computer memories for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975.
Core memory uses toroids (rings) of a hard-cord magnetic material
(usually a semi-hard ferrite) as transformer cores, where each wire
threaded through the core serves as a transformer winding.

10. John Goodenough
1960s MIT Lincoln Laboratory
2019 Nobel Laureate, Age 97, U Texas Austin

11. 11
Will a New Glass Battery Accelerate the End of Oil?
IEEE SPECTRUM 3 March 2017
John Goodenough, 94 co-inventor (1980) of the lithium-
ion battery, heads a team of U of Texas researchers
developing the technology that could one day supplant it.
The lithium- or
sodium-glass battery
has three times the
energy storage
capacity of a
comparable lithium-
ion battery.
“”The next step is to
verify that the
cathode problem is
solved,” Goodenough
says. “And when we
do [that] we can scale
up to large-scale cells.
.

12. Anode: Lithium (L) like Hydrogen (H) easily sheds its outer electron. Li ion is like Helium.
Cathode: Goodenough replaced Titanium (LiTiS2) with Cobalt (LiCoO2)

13. • John Goodenough, who had moved from Lincoln to Oxford U, in 1980 replaced the
cathode with lithium cobalt oxide that increased the voltage from 2 V to 4 V.
• Akira Yoshino in Japan replaced the inflammable Li anode with petroleum coke
graphite (1986). In 1991 Sony started commercializing it for electronic devices.

14. Adapted from USGS Fact Sheet 087-02
ELEMENTAL ABUNDACES
In Earth’s crust.
Highlighted in color are elements
used in lithium ion battery
technology and post-lithium
battery research.
None of the elements shown are
very rare – for comparison , gold
and platinum have abundances
less than 0.001 in these units.
The more abundant,
the lower the cost.
Nickel, Manganese. Cobalt NMC
anode batteries, lower cost.

15. 2.Electric Vehicles: Fun Saving Our Planet

16. MY ALL-ELECTRIC 2017 CHEVY BOLT EV
• 238 mile range after charging.
• Quite acceleration 0 to 60 mpg in 6.3 second, about ½ that
of Tesla Models S and X, but the Bolt’s cost is ½,
about $33,000 with the Federal rebate.
The Li batteries, motor, and one-speed transmission are made in
S. Korea. The Bolt is assembled in Michigan.
Has traditional Lead-Acid 12 V battery to power radio etc.

17. 8 year/100,000 mile
warranty on electric
propulsion unit
(battery)
The number of moving
parts in an electric motor
is an order of magnitude
less than an internal
combustion engine.
Electric motors are more
than twice as efficient as
internal combustion
engines (ICE).
High torque at low RPM.
No variable transmission.

18. • The 2020 Bolt now has the range of 259
miles per charge.
• Hyundai’s Kona Electric, 258-miles.
• 2019 Kia Niro, 239 miles on a charge.
• 2019 Nissan Leaf, 226 miles in its new
Plus trim.
• Tesla Model 3 264/310 miles

19. Bruce Olsen’s Tesla Model 3, next to my Chevy
Bolt. Dec 18, 2018, Bedford, NH.
Bruce has driven it to FL to see his Dad, Stan.

20. ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE SAVING OUR PLANET
EV electric generation is emission equivalent to gasoline cars with up to 191 mpg.
EVs in coal burning states get 38 mpg, better than average car with 25 mpg.
Source Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) “Catalyst” Summer 2019

21. The total global warming emissions from EVs—
including manufacturing, driving, and
disposal—are about half the emissions of a
comparable gasoline car over its lifetime.
As more EVs hit the road, the nation will consume less oil, which
could help alleviate pollution-related health problems caused by
burning gasoline and diesel fuel.
Source: the Union of Concerned Scientists
https://www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/electric-vehicles/state-electric-vehicle-
benefits-2019
UCS analyzed these benefits state-by-state and found that:
Electric vehicles are cheaper than gasoline-powered cars to fuel and drive.
EV sales grew 94 percent in Massachusetts from 2017 to 2018, reaching
22,573 sold by the end of 2018.

22. 2019 U.S. EV SALES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL
Tesla Model 3* 🔋 6,500 5,750 10,175 10,050 13,950 21,225 13,450 81,100 Tesla Model 3* 🔋
Toyota Prius Prime* 1,123 1,205 1,820 1,399 1,914 1,144 2,950 11,555 Toyota Prius Prime*
Tesla Model X* 🔋 775 900 2,175 1,050 1,375 2,725 1,225 10,225 Tesla Model X* 🔋
Chevrolet Bolt EV* 🔋 925 1,225 2,166 910 1,396 1,659 985 9,266 Chevrolet Bolt EV* 🔋
Tesla Model S* 🔋 725 625 2,275 825 1,025 1,750 975 8,200 Tesla Model S* 🔋
Honda Clarity PHEV* 1,192 1,213 1,311 981 816 1,030 800 7,343 Honda Clarity PHEV*
Nissan LEAF 🔋 717 654 1,314 951 1,216 1,156 938 6,946 Nissan LEAF 🔋
Ford Fusion Energi* 557 573 611 585 605 675 720 4,326 Ford Fusion Energi*
Chevrolet Volt* 675 615 1,230 405 408 333 250 3,916 Chevrolet Volt*
BMW 530e* 376 414 436 416 727 908 444 3,721 BMW 530e*
Chrysler Pacifica
Hybrid* 436 589 383 347 390 391 385 2,921
Chrysler Pacifica
Hybrid*
Audi e-tron 🔋 253 856 726 678
https://insideevs.com/news/362819/ev-sales-scorecard-july-2019/
Tesla Model 3 sales are 8 times that of other
Electric Vehicles.

23. Tesla Model X
SUV with all wheel drive, electric motors in both axels.
0 to 60 mph in 4.4 seconds.
300 mile driving range per charge.
Starting price $86,000
Designed for a 500,000 mile lifetime with Al frame.

24. New VW ID.3
instrument panel
similar to Chevy Bolt.
$33,000
Fuel savings of
EVs in Europe
are twice those
in the US.
Cost of gasoline
in Europe is
twice that in the
US.

25. TESLA UNVEILS CYBERSTRUCK: ELECTRIC PICKUP,
Range up to 500 mi, starting price $39,900
• Cybertruck is built with an exterior shell made for ultimate durability
and 6- passenger protection.
• Starting with a nearly impenetrable exoskeleton, every component is
designed for superior strength and endurance.
• Tri-motor version will accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 2.9 seconds

26. Six-fold decrease in the cost of Lithium-ion batteries since 2010
Lithium battery pack price in 2019, $/ 176/kwh, could decrease by one half by 2030.
“To make batteries dirt-cheap, make them from dirt” MIT Prof Don Sadoway of Ambri

27. TESLA PREDICTIONS
Tesla has been rumored to be switching to NCM (Nikel Cobalt
Manganese) battery cells for Chinese Model 3 vehicles.
Tesla has been filing new battery patents as it has also been
making moves toward building its own battery cells.
Earlier this year, Tesla CEO Elon Musk said that they built Model 3
to last as long as a commercial truck, a million miles, and the
battery modules should last between 300,000 miles and 500,000
miles.
However, the CEO claimed that Tesla has a new battery coming up
next year that will last a million miles.

28. ELECTRIC DUMP TRUCK PRODUCES MORE ENERGY THAN IT USES
Bryan Cockfield
https://hackaday.com/2019/08/22/electric-dump-truck-produces-more-energy-than-it-
uses/
The dump truck drives up a mountain with no load, and carries double the weight back
down the mountain after getting loaded up with lime and marble to deliver to a cement
plant. Since electric vehicles can recover energy through regenerative braking, rather than
wasting that energy as heat in a traditional braking system, the extra weight on the way
down actually delivers more energy to the batteries than the truck used on the way up the
mountain.

29. Paddle behind the steering wheel activates Bolt’s regenerative breaking.

30. EVs in CHINA
In 2018, 1.2 millions electric cars were sold in
China,
--25% more than the rest of the world.
-- Global vehicle sales were about 86 million
-- 41 Chinese companies making and selling EVs
HOW TO REDUCE POLLUTION IN LARGE CITIES
--$14000 the cost of registering an internal
combustion car in Shanghai
--$ 0 the cost of registering an EV in Shanghai

31. 31
India, with a billion people similar to China, is a Wild Card
that could equal China’s emissions.

32. 32
The per capita emission in the US are 2 times that of China and Europe
$0.30. Gasoline $1.00
Gasoline 2X price in US
Natural gas
cheaper than
coal.

33. Earthrise on the Moon
3.WHY
CARBON-
FREE
ENERGY?
SAVE OUR
EARTH!
It’s the only
one with
chocolate

34. U.S. Climate Report Warns of
Damaged Environment and
Shrinking Economy
Nov 23, 2018
Thirteen federal agencies predict:
Global warming could knock 10% off
our economy by 2100, double that of
the 2008 recession.
Projected climate losses per year:
$141 billion from heat-related
deaths,
$118 billion from sea level rise and
$32 billion from infrastructure
damage. TOTAL $291 billion/yr
Solutions:
-Putting a price on greenhouse gas
emissions
-Next generation reactor buildout
- Vegetarian/vegan diet

35. Southern states with hot climates stand to suffer more,
with Florida taking the brunt, as it must also deal with sea level rise.

36. Miami Beach is a flood zone during King High Tides.

37. NASA photos of Thwaites Glacier, size of Mexico,
Western Antarctica.
Richard Alley, a glaciologist at Penn State University,
an author of the last IPCC report: “If the Thwaites Glacier
breaks free from it rocky berth, it would raise sea levels 10 ft.”
37

38. 5 Meters (18 Feet) Sea Level Rise
Trump’s Mar de Largo

39. 39
March for
Science,
Earth Day,
April 22,
2017
Poster.

40. 2018 HURRICANE MICHAEL’S WIND DAMAGE
This elevated house in Mexico Beach, Fla., came through
Hurricane Michael almost unscathed.
Credit Johnny Milano for The New York Times

41. 41
2017 Hurricane
Harvey, Texas, set
a new US record
of 52 inches for
rainfall from a
single storm.
2017 Hurricane
Irma set net
record: 3 days as
a Category 5
Hurricane.

42. Attribution of western US forest fire area to ACC. Cumulative forest fire area estimated from the
(red) observed all-metric mean record of fuel aridity and (black) the fuel aridity record after
exclusion of ACC (No ACC).
John T. Abatzoglou, and A. Park Williams PNAS
2016;113:42:11770-11775©2016 by National Academy of Sciences
ACC: Anthropogenic
Climate Change.
An 8 fold
increase
in area
burned
since 1985

43. 4. Li-ION BATTERY UTILITY SCALE ENERGY STORAGE:
To make intermittent wind and solar available 24/7 ?
Pumped Hydro is the cheapest.
Vanadium -flow batteries can be quite large and best
suited to industrial and utility scale applications.
V-flow battery outcompetes Li-ion, and any other
solid battery, for utility-scale applications.
They’re just safer, more scalable, longer-lasting and
cheaper – less than half the cost per kWh.

44. The Other Gigafactory: Rongke Power’s
battery factory, in Dalian, China, is set to
produce 3 gigawatts’ worth of vanadium
redox-flow batteries annually by 2020.
800 MW- hr. 20 year life.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/fuel-cells/its-
big-and-longlived-and-it-wont-catch-fire-the-
vanadium-redoxflow-battery. Nov 2017
Li-ion battery 10 year life.
Vanadium flow batteries finally
become competitive for grid-scale
energy storage.
Vanadium redox-flow batteries started
out as a modest research project at
the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory(PNNL), a U.S. Department of
Energy lab in Washington state.
China has the largest and highest-grade vanadium resources in the
world. Other sources are Russia and South Africa.

45. COST OF ENERGY STORAGE OPTIONS.

46. SUMMARY
• 2019 Nobel in Chemistry for ubiquitous Li-Ion Battery.
• Electric cars are fun to drive:
silent acceleration 0 to 60 mph in 3 to 6 seconds.
• They are doubly green, saving our planet with no carbon dioxide
emissions and saving the green in your pocketbook.
According to MIT Nuclear Prof. Buongiorno’s Study presented last
year:
• A nuclear reactor build-up could completely decarbonize the
World’s electric power sector within 30 years
• The energy storage costs needed to make wind and solar 24/7
would make them up to four times more expensive than with no
reactors.