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NWFP Environmental Protection Agency
                    Environmental Assessment Checklists and Guidelines

                                   Forest Road Constructions
No:                                Version: B                      Date: 21 May 2004                 Page 1 of 22



                                                        Contents

1.     Introduction.........................................................................................1
       1.1        Scope of the guidelines............................................................................... 1
       1.2        How to use these guidelines....................................................................... 1
       1.3        Glossary ....................................................................................................... 2

2.     Project Profile .....................................................................................3
       2.1        Description................................................................................................... 3
       2.2        Environmental Aspects ............................................................................... 3
       2.3        Mitigation Options ....................................................................................... 5

Environmental Assessment Checklist .....................................................9




1. Introduction


Properly planned, constructed, and                                      and can even lead to complete
maintained roads are an asset to forest                                 destruction of the forest.
for most uses. Access to the forest is
necessary for harvest, regeneration,                                    1.1     Scope of the guidelines
protection, other management activities,
and recreational uses. Excluding access                                 These guidelines are applicable to
is also appropriate for such objectives as                              construction of new roads or
protecting sensitive areas or for                                       rehabilitation of existing roads in forests
maintaining semi-primitive and                                          and ecologically sensitive areas that
wilderness areas. Thus carefully                                        have a total cost of less than Rupees ten
planned roads can add to the value of the                               million.
forest through improved management.
Conversely, a road developed without                                    1.2     How to use these guidelines
any consideration to its impact can result
                                                                        The project proponent (the local
in loss of natural resources, exploitation
                                                                        government, municipal government, city



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government or the cantonment board) is           introduced into an area or region from
obliged to use these guidelines. The             outside
project proponent has to fill in an              Environment means (a) air, water and
environmental impact assessment form.            land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c)
The following steps are to be taken in           all organic and inorganic matter and
this regard:                                     living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and
Step 1: Provide information on project           ecological relationships; (e) buildings,
        [use Section I]                          structures, roads, facilities and works; (f)
                                                 all social and economic conditions
Step 2: Determine Applicability (Are
                                                 affecting community life; and (g) the
        you sure that IEE or EIA is not
                                                 inter-relationships between any of the
        required?) [use Section II]
                                                 factors in sub-clause (a) to (f).
Step 3: Describe the physical, biological
                                                 Environmental Assessment a technique
        and social environment [use
                                                 and a process by which information
        Section III]
                                                 about the environmental effects of a
Step 4: Assess potential impacts and             project is collected, both by the
        applicable mitigation measures           developer and from other sources, and
        [use Section IV]                         taken into account by the planning
Step 5: Provide undertaking to the EPA           authority in forming their judgments on
        on mitigation measures and               whether the development should go
        compliance [use Section V]               ahead.

Completed form is to be submitted to the         Gradient pertains to longitudinal slope
NWFP Environmental Protection                    of the road, which is expressed in ratio
Agency for evaluation. NWFP EPA                  of rise or fall, corresponding to the
may request for additional information           length of the road.
or decide to undertake visit to the              Habitat the general place or physical
proposed project site in order to assess         environment in which a population lives
the environmental impact of the
                                                 Impact on Environment means any
proposed project.
                                                 effect on land, water, air or any other
                                                 component of the environment, as well
1.3     Glossary                                 as on wildlife harvesting, and includes
                                                 any effect on the social and cultural
Act means the Pakistan Environmental             environment or on heritage resources.
Protection Act, 1997
                                                 Landslide a slide of a large mass of dirt
Carriageway is the part of the road              and rock down a mountain or cliff
which is used for the traffic.
                                                 Mitigation Measure means a measure
Contamination introduction of                    for the control, reduction or elimination
impurities in the environment                    of an adverse impact of a development
Ditch is the drain provided along one or         on the environment, including a
the both sides of the road, so as to drain       restorative measure.
away water                                       Pollution the presence in the environment
Drainage Pattern system of drains                or the introduction into it, of substances that
Exotic Species a species that is                 have harmful or unpleasant effects




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Regulations means the Pakistan                      Siltation accumulation of silt in a water
Environmental Protection Agency                     body
Review of Initial Environmental                     Threatened or Endangered Species a
Examination and Environment Impact                  species in danger of becoming extinct
Assessment Regulations, 2000
Soil Erosion physical removal of soil,
either by wind or by running water



2. Project Profile


2.1     Description                                 activity the soil also losses its
Constructing roads in forest involves the           compaction and is loosen up. The area
following:                                          thus becomes prone to erosion by wind
                                                    and water action.
       Removing trees and clearing
                                                    Stream crossings are particularly
       ground of vegetation
                                                    vulnerable to water induced erosion for
       Cutting steep slopes that may                unpaved roads. Traffic on unpaved
       required use of dynamite                     roads results in disturbing the stream
       Filling gullies and ditches. This            banks from where a process of erosion
       may be done with the material cut            may start.
       from the slopes or may require               Tree cutting alone simply does not
       additional material from outside             directly cause erosion. However,
       Compaction and leveling to                   removal of trees in a large area can
       prepare the surface for road                 indirectly affect the ground vegetation,
                                                    which after loosing the shade provided
       Laying gravel and other base                 by the trees may eventually disappear
       material                                     and lead to erosion.
       Preparing asphalt                            Erosion also becomes a problem if the
       Paving the road with asphalt                 road, culverts and water channels are not
                                                    properly maintained. Leaves and other
       Finishing road shoulders, side               debris block water path and that may
       walls and drains                             result in damaging road, creating new
                                                    channels for water and erosion.
2.2     Environmental Aspects                       Removal of trees and vegetation cover,
                                                    alteration of surface gradient, vibrations
Soil Erosion and Landslides                         caused by the construction activity such
Most soil erosion potential in a road               as the use of dynamite and movement of
project occurs during the construction              heavy machinery, change in drainage
period. Ground surface and slopes that              pattern and alteration in soil compaction
were previously covered with vegetation             effects the slope stability and may
and exposed. Due to the construction                eventually lead to landslides.



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Drainage Pattern                                  management objective. For example,
Road embankments restrict cross                   the road may open up new area for tree
drainage, and cause the land on either            harvesting. It is important that whether
side of the embankment to flood in case           the road is built by the Forest
of heavy rains. This in turn may affect           Department or any other agency, the
the communities and also cause natural            impact on the forest management plan
streams and irrigation channels to                should be critically reviewed.
become silted.
                                                  Construction Material Sourcing
If cross-drainage structures are not              Different types of construction material
adequately maintained, culverts and               are required during road construction.
water channels tend to become choked              These mainly include borrow material
with debris and eroded soil, adversely            for earth-fill and aggregate. The
affecting the quality of surface water.           aggregate is brought from quarries,
Disturbance to Wildlife Habitat                   whereas material for earth-fill is usually
                                                  obtained as close to the construction site
Forests are important habitat for                 as possible. In general, areas used to
different species of flora and fauna.             acquire borrow material have significant
Road construction causes direct and               impact. Removal of soil for road
indirect disturbance to the habitat.              construction is a permanent change and
Removal of trees, clearing and leveling           can induce long-term impact on
of ground directly destroys the habitat.          drainage, soil erosion and land use
This may be a serious issue if the road           pattern. It can affect the productivity of
passes through the habitat of threatened          the land; result in conflicts with
or endangered wildlife species.                   landowners regarding the restoration of
Factors that may result in degradation of         borrow areas; may prove hazardous to
habitat include:                                  human beings, livestock and wildlife;
                                                  can become breeding ground for
       Bifurcation of the habitat by the          mosquitoes if water stagnates in the pit.
       road
       Disturbance due to noise and               Asphalt Plant Operation
       vibration during construction and          The installation and operation of asphalt
       operation                                  plant results in gaseous emission. The
       Change in drainage pattern, and            plant is usually installed on leased land.
                                                  After the completion of work conflicts
       Introduction of exotic species             may arise with the landowners regarding
       through the construction material          restoration of land and clearance of
       (sand and clay) brought from               waste material. Spills from the plant
       outside                                    may contaminate the soil and water
                                                  sources.
Compliance with Forest Management
Plan                                              Waste
All forests in NWFP have documented               Waste is generated during road
and undocumented management                       construction and also during operation.
objective and plan. New roads in the              Road construction waste includes,
forest should not conflict with the               removed vegetation, waste asphalt,



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excess construction material, used oil,               Other potential users can also
camp waste, excavated material.                       benefit from the road. These may
Inappropriate disposal of these apart                 include the local communities and
from creating pollution of water and soil,            potential tourists.
also lowers the general aesthetic value of            Steep slopes are avoided to
forest.                                               minimize excavations.
Construction of road opens up the area                Road length in the path of streams,
for visitors, tourists, transporters and              storm water runoff, and floodplains
also for the local community who benefit
                                                      are minimized.
from the road. It is commonly seen that
the users of the road throw trash                     As much distance as possible is
indiscriminately along the road. Heaps                maintained form core wildlife
of litters consisting of plastic bags,                habitats and areas of endangered
wrapping papers, and packaging                        and threatened species.
material, are commonly seen on both
sides of the road and particularly close to      General Measures
popular recreation sites and roadside                 Camps and asphalt plants should
kiosks.                                               be located at a minimum distance
                                                      of 500 m from existing settlements,
Community Safety                                      built-up areas, wildlife habitats, or
The communities living in the                         archaeological and cultural
surrounding of the road and construction              monuments.
facilities may be affected during the                 As far as possible, barren land ie,
construction. The general mobility of                 areas not under agricultural or
both local residents and their livestock in           residential use, and natural areas
and around the construction area is often             with a high elevation should be
hindered. Unmonitored construction                    used for setting up project
activities, eg, blasting, may create an               facilities.
accident risk for local residents,
particularly their children                           Where the use of agricultural land
                                                      is unavoidable, the top 30 cm of
                                                      the plough layer should be stripped
2.3     Mitigation Options                            and stockpiled for redressing the
                                                      land after the required borrow
Route Planning                                        material has been removed.
Most environmental issues associated                  The excavation of earth fill should
with mountain and forest road                         be limited to an approximate depth
construction project can be addressed by              of 50 cm, particularly in farmlands.
proper design of the road. Unlike plain
areas where the road is almost the                    Ditches or borrow pits that cannot
shortest distance between the two                     be fully rehabilitated should be
terminals points, the route of a mountain             landscaped to minimize erosion
road is also determined by the terrain                and to avoid creating hazards for
and gradient. Apart from the technical                people and livestock.
considerations, the route should be                   Side drains should be constructed
selected such that:                                   to prevent flooding on the road.



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       An adequate number of bridges                   designed road maintenance plan
       and culverts should be constructed              will minimize cost and
       across the road embankments and                 environmental damage.
       across intersecting rivers, natural
                                                       Where possible, road should be
       streams and runoff paths. During                located on well-drained soils.
       operations these should be
       regularly monitored and kept                    Road should be located outside
       cleaned.                                        riparian zones except at stream
                                                       crossings.
Soil Erosion and Landslides
                                                       Road should follow natural
Good engineering practices should help                 contours to minimize cut and fill.
control soil erosion, both at construction
                                                       Design road in a way to balance
sites and in borrow areas. These include
                                                       cut and fills to minimize to need
the following measures:
                                                       for fill or removing excess
       Low embankments should be                       materials.
       protected from erosion by planting
       indigenous grasses                         Drainage Pattern
       High embankments, ie, over 2 m                  Cross-drainage structures across
       high, should be protected by                    road embankments, intersecting
       constructing stone pitching or a                rivers, natural streams and canals
       riprap across the embankment.                   should be constructed at
       This practice should also be                    appropriate locations and of
       applied along cross-drainage                    required capacities to protect
       structures where embankments are                nearby agricultural land and
       more susceptible to erosion by                  settlements from flooding.
       water runoff.                                   Measures should be undertaken to
       The size of the construction                    prevent earth and stone material
       corridor should be minimized. The               from blocking cross-drainage
       corridor should be physically                   structures on sections along or
       demarcated on the ground. No                    close to water channels.
       construction related activity should            Measures should be undertaken to
       take place outside the zone to                  ensure that storm drains and road
       minimize disturbance to                         drainage systems are periodically
       vegetation.                                     cleared to maintain storm water
       Exposed soil should be revegetated              flow.
       quickly after construction and not
       exposed without mulch or                   Water and Soil Contamination
       vegetation over winter.                         Roadside slopes and ditches must
       Unpaved surfaced roads should                   be carefully located and designed
       have a minimum of 10 cm of                      in order to prevent stream siltation.
       gravel.                                         Seed and mulch should be used
       Road maintenance is important in                and temporary sediments control
       order to minimize erosion and the               structures should be installed
       expense of reconstruction. A well-



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       immediately following                           If construction work close to
       construction to reduce erosion.                 certain habitats is unavoidable,
                                                       disturbance due to noise and
       Construction activity should be
                                                       vibration should be minimized by
       limited in water to periods of low
                                                       using construction technologies
       and normal flow
                                                       that generate low noise, for
       Use of equipment in a stream                    example muffled blasting instead
       should be kept to a minimum.                    of conventional blasting, and
       Camps should be located at least                avoiding construction during night
       500 m away from the nearest local               The need for fill should be
       settlement to prevent the                       minimized. If unavoidable, the fill
       contamination of community-                     material should be brought from
       owned water resources.                          similar ecological zone to ensure
       Construction camps should be                    that seeds of exotic species are not
       established in areas with adequate              introduced
       natural drainage channels in order              A tree plantation program should
       to facilitate flow of the treated               be initiated to compensate for the
       effluents.                                      anticipated loss of vegetation
       Wastewater effluent from                        during construction activities, and
       construction workshops and                      to help abate pollution caused by
       equipment washing-yards should                  emissions, dust, and noise during
       be passed through gravel/sand beds              road operation.
       to remove oil and grease                        Campsites and asphalt plants
       contaminants before discharging it              should be established on barren
       into natural streams.                           land rather than on forested or
       Materials and chemicals that can                agriculturally productive land. The
       potentially cause contamination of              cutting of trees should be
       soil should be identified and the               minimized.
       workforce should be trained in safe             Construction vehicles, machinery
       storage and handling of these                   and equipment will remain
       material.                                       confined within their designated
       A solid waste disposal site should              areas of movement.
       be identified and all solid waste
                                                  Compliance with Forest Management
       generated during construction and          Plan
       at campsites should be disposed of
       only in waste disposal sites.              All roads should be critically viewed
                                                  against the management objectives of
Disturbance to Wildlife Habitat                   the forest. Any conflict should be
       Critical wildlife habitats should be       resolved. The forest department should
       identified before road design and          be involved in the assessment and the
       construction                               process should be documented.

       The road should be designed to
       avoid the critical habitat and
       minimize bifurcation of the habitat



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Asphalt Plant Operation                                 transporters and the local
       Quarry areas and asphalt plants                  community.
       should be located at least 500 m                 An annual road and forest clean-up
       downwind from populated areas,                   campaign should be initiated in
       wildlife habitats, and contractors’              which all road users should be
       camps, to minimize the impact of                 invited to attend.
       dust emissions.
                                                        Waste bins should be provided at
       Asphalt, hot mix and batching                    regular intervals. The bins should
       plants should be equipped with                   be cleaned regularly.
       dust control equipment such as
       fabric filters or wet scrubbers to          Community Safety
       reduce the level of dust emissions.              All communities living in the
                                                        vicinity of the road project should
Waste
                                                        be informed in advanced about the
A dumping site should be identified for                 construction schedule, the work
construction waste. The site should be:                 plan, and safety hazards. Any
       At least 500 m from any                          community concerns should be
       community, water well, surface                   documented and addressed.
       water source                                     Before any hazardous activity that
       Outside the floodplain or storm                  poses accident risk for local
       water runoff                                     residents, community should be
                                                        informed and watchmen posted at
       Outside critical wildlife habitat                strategic points to ensure that no
       Not on steep land or cultivated area             unauthorized person comes within
                                                        the hazard zone.
The landfill should be prepared in the
following manner:                                       Road safety audits should be
                                                        undertaken.
       About 50 cm of topsoil should be
       first removed.                                   Road markings and signage should
                                                        installed
       After dumping the waste, road
       rollers should be used to compact                Road should be widened and
       the waste as much as possible.                   design appropriately near
                                                        settlements and intersection of
       The topsoil should then be spread                tracks and roads to eliminate
       back and landscaping should be                   bottlenecks.
       undertaken.
                                                        Public facilities, including bus bays
No hazardous waste should be buried in                  with passenger waiting sheds and
the dumping site.                                       latrines, service lanes, footpaths,
To keep the forest clean once the road                  pedestrian-crossing facilities, and
become operational following measures                   fences should be constructed at
should be taken:                                        appropriate places.
       A public education program should
       be initiated. The program should
       focus on visitors, tourists,



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                  Environmental Assessment Checklist

Section I:            Project Description

File No _________________________________________ (To be filled by EPA)
Date ___________________________________________________________

General Information
1. Project Name or Title____________________________________________
2. Project Proponent (Department, organization, or owner) ________________
3. Address ______________________________________________________
4. Telephone ____________________________________________________
5. Fax _________________________________________________________
6. E-mail _______________________________________________________
7. Representative of the Proponent___________________________________
8. Designation ___________________________________________________
9. Name of the person who conducted this assessment ___________________
10. Designation ___________________________________________________
11. Qualification___________________________________________________

Project Information
12. Project Location________________________________________________
13. Name of Forest ________________________________________________
14. Cost of the Project______________________________________________
15. Period of construction (start and end dates) __________________________

Proposed Activity
16. Length of the proposed road ____________________________________ km
17. Width of road _________________________________________________ m
18. Surface type __________________________________________________
19. Purpose of the road_____________________________________________
20. Brief Project Description _________________________________________
     ____________________________________________________________
     ____________________________________________________________




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Please attach a map of the proposed project area
21. Number and type of major construction equipment that will be used _______
     ____________________________________________________________
     ____________________________________________________________
22. The total construction material that will be utilized? ____________________
     ____________________________________________________________
     ____________________________________________________________
23. Will any new land be acquired?____________________________________
      If yes, please specify
       The total area:________________________________________________
       Present ownership of land ______________________________________
       What is the present use of the land? ______________________________
       How the land will be acquired (Through Land Acquisition Act or Direct
       Purchase)? __________________________________________________
       When the compensation will be paid? _____________________________
24. In case of state land, are there any squatter settlements on the land? ______
      If yes, please specify
       Number of settlements _________________________________________
       Will any compensation be paid? __________________________________
       When the compensation will be paid? _____________________________
25. Is construction work during the night planned? ________________________
26. How many trees will be removed for the construction of the road? _________
27. Will any existing asphalt be removed? ______________________________
      If yes, how much? ______________________________________________
      Where it will be disposed?________________________________________
28. How many trees will be removed for the construction of the road? _________




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29. Please provide the information on the following facilities:
Facility          Location          Land Size           Nearest             Nearest Water
                                                        community and       Body and its
                                                        Its Distance        Distance
Construction
Camp 1
Construction
Camp 2
Construction
Camp 3
Asphalt Plant
Waste Dumping
Site
Borrow Area 1
Borrow Area
Borrow Area
Borrow Area
Aggregate
Quarry




Section II:        Screening

Is the proposed road or part of the proposed road:
       A federal highway?                         Yes           No
       A provincial highway?                      Yes           No
       In an ecologically sensitive area?         Yes           No
Is the cost of the road more than Rs 10 million?
                                                  Yes           No
If the answer to any of the above questions is yes, then the project would require
an initial environmental examination or an environment impact assessment.
Refer to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial
Environmental Examination and Environment Impact Assessment Regulations,
2000 for appropriate category.




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Section III:           Environmental Profile

1. Describe the terrain of the project area:                Flat or Level (Slope < 3%)
                                                            Level to moderately steep
                                                            (Slope 3%-30%)
                                                            Moderately steep to
                                                            mountainous (Slope > 30%)
(In case the proposed road will pass through terrain in which the slope varies,
indicate the approximate percentage of each type of terrain)
2. What is the maximum elevation of the proposed road?
                                                            < 400 meters above sea level
                                                            (masl)
                                                            400-800 masl
                                                            > 800 masl
3. Will the road cross any natural stream or canal?
                                                    Yes             No
      If yes, describe each water body:
      Name (including        Dimensions (Width     Flow                   Status and Uses (Is
      type, ie, canal or     and depth at the      (flow rate in cusecs   it polluted? Upstream
                                                        3
      stream)                proposed road         or m /s)               pollution, eg, sewage
                             crossing)                                    discharge?
                                                                          Downstream uses,
                                                                          eg, agriculture,
                                                                          domestic, industrial,
                                                                          washing, fishery




4. Is there any site of cultural importance (graveyard, shrine, mosque,
   archeological site) in the vicinity of the proposed road?
                                                    Yes             No
      If yes, Please describe? _________________________________________
5. How many sensitive receptors (schools, colleges, hospitals, and clinics) are
   located in the vicinity of the proposed road? __________________________
      Please attach a list along with the approximate distance from the road




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6. For every 250 m section of the road describe the present land use on both
   sides of the road as follows:
      Section and    Residential       Commercial     Open Land       Sensitive      Other
      Side           (Thick,           (Office,       (Parks,         Receptors
                     Moderate,         Shops, Fuel    Farmlands,      and Sites of
                     Sparse)           Stations)      unutilized      Cultural
                                                      plots, barren   Importance
                                                      land
      0-250 m
      Right
      0-250 m Left
      250-500 m
      Right
      250-500 m
      Left
      500-750 m
      Right
      500-750 m
      Left




7. If the proposed project entails rehabilitation of an existing road, what is the
   existing level of traffic on this road? ________________________________
8. Are there any ecologically sensitive areas within 1,000 m of the proposed
   road? ________________________________________________________
      If yes, please describe___________________________________________
        ____________________________________________________________
        ____________________________________________________________




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Section IV:        Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

      Potential Negative     Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                        Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                 proposed
Sound Planning                                   Other potential users have been identified and
                                                 their need taken into account in the project
                                                 design
                                                 Steep slopes have been avoided
                                                 Road length in the path of streams, storm water
                                                 runoff, and floodplains have been minimized
                                                 Core wildlife habitat have been identified
                                                 A minimum distance of ___ m have been
                                                 maintained form core wildlife habitats, areas of
                                                 endangered and threatened species
                                                 Road is design road in a way to balance cut and
                                                 fills to minimize to need for fill or removing
                                                 excess materials
                                                 The road plan has been critically assessed
                                                 against the management objectives of the forest;
                                                 the forest department was involved in the
                                                 assessment; the process was documented.
General Measures                                 Camps and asphalt plants will be located at a
                                                 minimum distance of 500 m from existing
                                                 settlements, built-up areas, wildlife habitats, or
                                                 archaeological and cultural monuments
                                                                                                                              Continued…




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…Continues

      Potential Negative     Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                        Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                 proposed
                                                 Barren land ie, areas not under agricultural or
                                                 residential use, and natural areas with a high
                                                 elevation will be used for setting up project
                                                 facilities
                                                 Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable,
                                                 the top 30 cm of the plough layer will be stripped
                                                 and stockpiled for redressing the land after the
                                                 required borrow material has been removed
                                                 The excavation of earth fill will be limited to an
                                                 approximate depth of 50 cm, particularly in
                                                 farmlands.
                                                 Ditches or borrow pits that cannot be fully
                                                 rehabilitated will be landscaped to minimize
                                                 erosion and to avoid creating hazards for people
                                                 and livestock
                                                 Side drains will be constructed to prevent
                                                 flooding on the road.
                                                 An adequate number of bridges and culverts will
                                                 be constructed across the highway embankments
                                                 and across intersecting rivers, natural streams
                                                 and runoff paths
                                                 During operations, the cross-drainage structures
                                                 will be regularly monitored and kept cleaned
                                                                                                                              Continued…




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…Continues

      Potential Negative      Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                          Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                    proposed
Soil Erosion and Landslides                       Low embankments will be protected from erosion
                                                  by planting indigenous grasses
                                                  High embankments, ie, over 2 m high, will be
                                                  protected by constructing stone pitching or a
                                                  riprap across the embankment. This practice will
                                                  also be applied along cross-drainage structures
                                                  where embankments are more susceptible to
                                                  erosion by water runoff
                                                  The size of the construction corridor will be
                                                  minimized. The corridor will be physically
                                                  demarcated on the ground. No construction
                                                  related activity will take place outside the zone to
                                                  minimize disturbance to vegetation
                                                  Exposed soil will be revegetated quickly after
                                                  construction and not exposed without mulch or
                                                  vegetation over winter
                                                  Unpaved surfaced roads will have a minimum of
                                                  10 cm of gravel
                                                  A road maintenance plan will be prepared as
                                                  soon as the construction is complete
                                                  Where possible, road will be located on well-
                                                  drained soils
                                                  Road will be located outside riparian zones
                                                  except at stream crossings
                                                  Road will follow natural contours
                                                                                                                                 Continued…




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

                       No:                         Version: B                Date: 21 May 2004          Page 17 of 22

…Continues

      Potential Negative       Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                        Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                   proposed
Drainage Pattern                                   Road will be located outside riparian zones
                                                   except at stream crossings
                                                   Road will follow natural contours
                                                   Cross-drainage structures (such as culvert and
                                                   causeways) across road embankments,
                                                   intersecting rivers, streams and canals will be
                                                   constructed at appropriate locations and of
                                                   required capacities to protect nearby agricultural
                                                   land and settlements from flooding
                                                   Measures will be undertaken to prevent earth and
                                                   stone material from blocking cross-drainage
                                                   structures on sections along or close to water
                                                   channels
                                                   Measures will be undertaken to ensure that storm
                                                   drains and road drainage systems are
                                                   periodically cleared to maintain storm water flow
Water and Soil Contamination                       Roadside slopes and ditches will be carefully
                                                   located and designed in order to prevent stream
                                                   siltation
                                                   Seed and mulch will be used and temporary
                                                   sediments control structures will be installed
                                                   immediate following construction to reduce
                                                   erosion
                                                   Construction activity in water will be limited to
                                                   periods of low and normal flow
                                                                                                                                Continued…




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

                       No:                       Version: B                Date: 21 May 2004           Page 18 of 22

…Continues

      Potential Negative     Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                         Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                  proposed
                                                 Use of equipment in streams will be kept to the
                                                 minimum
                                                 Camps will be located at least 500 m away from
                                                 the nearest local settlement to prevent the
                                                 contamination of community-owned water
                                                 resources.
                                                 Construction camps will be established in areas
                                                 with adequate natural drainage channels in order
                                                 to facilitate flow of the treated effluents
                                                 Wastewater effluent from construction workshops
                                                 and equipment washing-yards will be passed
                                                 through gravel/sand beds to remove oil and
                                                 grease contaminants before discharging it into
                                                 natural streams.
                                                 Materials and chemicals that can potentially
                                                 cause soil contamination of soil will be identified
                                                 and the workforce will be trained in safe storage
                                                 and handling of these material.
                                                 A solid waste disposal site will be identified and
                                                 all solid waste generated during construction and
                                                 at campsites will be properly treated and safely
                                                 disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal
                                                 sites.
                                                                                                                               Continued…




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

                          No:                       Version: B                 Date: 21 May 2004           Page 19 of 22

…Continues

      Potential Negative        Tick, if relevant                   Mitigation Measures                         Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                      proposed
Disturbance to Wildlife                             Critical wildlife habitats will be identified before
Habitat                                             road design and construction
                                                    The road will be located to avoid the critical
                                                    habitat and minimize bifurcation of the habitat
                                                    If construction work close to certain habitats is
                                                    unavoidable, disturbance due to noise and
                                                    vibration will be minimized by using construction
                                                    technologies that generate low noise
                                                    Construction work during night will be avoided
                                                    The need for fill will be minimized. If
                                                    unavoidable, the fill material will be brought from
                                                    similar ecological zone to ensure that seeds of
                                                    exotic species are not introduced
                                                    A tree plantation program will be initiated to
                                                    compensate for the anticipated loss of vegetation
                                                    during construction activities, and to help abate
                                                    pollution caused by emissions, dust, and noise
                                                    during road operation.
                                                    Campsites and asphalt plants will be established
                                                    on barren land rather than on forested or
                                                    agriculturally productive land. The cutting of
                                                    trees for this purpose will be minimized.
                                                    Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment
                                                    will remain confined within their designated areas
                                                    of movement.
                                                                                                                                   Continued…




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

                          No:                       Version: B                Date: 21 May 2004           Page 20 of 22

…Continues

      Potential Negative        Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                         Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                     proposed
Asphalt Plant Operation                             Quarry areas and asphalt plants will be located at
                                                    least 500 m downwind from populated areas,
                                                    wildlife habitats, and contractors’ camps, to
                                                    minimize the impact of dust emissions.
                                                    Asphalt, hot mix and batching plants will be
                                                    equipped with dust control equipment such as
                                                    fabric filters or wet scrubbers to reduce the level
                                                    of dust emissions.
Waste                                               A solid waste disposal site has been identified
                                                    and all solid waste generated during construction
                                                    and at campsites will be disposed of only in
                                                    waste disposal site
                                                    The landfill will be prepared as per the guidelines
                                                    No hazardous waste will be buried in the
                                                    dumping site
                                                    A public awareness program will be initiated to
                                                    keep the forest clean
                                                    Annual road and forest clean-up campaign will be
                                                    initiated
                                                    Waste bins will be provided at regular intervals.
                                                    The bins will be cleaned regularly.
                                                                                                                                  Continued…




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

                       No:                       Version: B                Date: 21 May 2004          Page 21 of 22

…Continues

      Potential Negative     Tick, if relevant                  Mitigation Measures                        Tick, if   Monitoring Plan
    Environmental Impacts                                                                                 proposed
Community Safety                                 All communities living in the vicinity of the road
                                                 project will be informed in advanced about the
                                                 construction schedule, the work plan, and safety
                                                 hazards. Any community concerns will be
                                                 documented and addressed.
                                                 Before any hazardous activity that poses
                                                 accident risk for local residents, community will
                                                 be informed and watchmen posted at strategic
                                                 points to ensure that no unauthorized person
                                                 comes within the hazard zone.
                                                 Road safety audits will be undertaken.
                                                 Road markings and signage will installed
                                                 Road will be widened and design appropriately
                                                 near settlements and intersection of tracks and
                                                 roads to eliminate bottlenecks.
                                                 Public facilities, including bus bays with
                                                 passenger waiting sheds and latrines, service
                                                 lanes, footpaths, pedestrian-crossing facilities,
                                                 and fences will be constructed at appropriate
                                                 places.




F1B-Forest Road
Forest Road Constructions

No:                      Version: B             Date: 21 May 2004    Page 22 of 22




Section V:            Undertaking

I,                                             (full name and address) as proponent
for                                            (name, description and location of
project) do hereby solemnly affirm and declare:

      1. The information on the proposed project and the environment provided in
          Forms I, II and III are correct to the best of my knowledge

      2. I fully understand and accept the conditions contained in the Guidelines
          for
          (name, number and version of the guidelines)

      3. I undertake to design, construct and operate the project strictly in
          accordance with the project described in Form I, submitted with this
          undertaking.

      4. I undertake to implement all mitigation measures and undertake
          monitoring stated in Form IV, submitted with this undertaking.

Date _______                                       Signature ____________________

                                                       Name ____________________

                                                Designation ____________________

                                                              (with official stamp/seal)



Witnesses:

          Signature           Name                     Address

1

2




F1B-Forest Road

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F1 b forest road

  • 1. NWFP Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Assessment Checklists and Guidelines Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 1 of 22 Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1 Scope of the guidelines............................................................................... 1 1.2 How to use these guidelines....................................................................... 1 1.3 Glossary ....................................................................................................... 2 2. Project Profile .....................................................................................3 2.1 Description................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Environmental Aspects ............................................................................... 3 2.3 Mitigation Options ....................................................................................... 5 Environmental Assessment Checklist .....................................................9 1. Introduction Properly planned, constructed, and and can even lead to complete maintained roads are an asset to forest destruction of the forest. for most uses. Access to the forest is necessary for harvest, regeneration, 1.1 Scope of the guidelines protection, other management activities, and recreational uses. Excluding access These guidelines are applicable to is also appropriate for such objectives as construction of new roads or protecting sensitive areas or for rehabilitation of existing roads in forests maintaining semi-primitive and and ecologically sensitive areas that wilderness areas. Thus carefully have a total cost of less than Rupees ten planned roads can add to the value of the million. forest through improved management. Conversely, a road developed without 1.2 How to use these guidelines any consideration to its impact can result The project proponent (the local in loss of natural resources, exploitation government, municipal government, city F1B-Forest Road
  • 2. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 2 of 22 government or the cantonment board) is introduced into an area or region from obliged to use these guidelines. The outside project proponent has to fill in an Environment means (a) air, water and environmental impact assessment form. land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) The following steps are to be taken in all organic and inorganic matter and this regard: living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and Step 1: Provide information on project ecological relationships; (e) buildings, [use Section I] structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions Step 2: Determine Applicability (Are affecting community life; and (g) the you sure that IEE or EIA is not inter-relationships between any of the required?) [use Section II] factors in sub-clause (a) to (f). Step 3: Describe the physical, biological Environmental Assessment a technique and social environment [use and a process by which information Section III] about the environmental effects of a Step 4: Assess potential impacts and project is collected, both by the applicable mitigation measures developer and from other sources, and [use Section IV] taken into account by the planning Step 5: Provide undertaking to the EPA authority in forming their judgments on on mitigation measures and whether the development should go compliance [use Section V] ahead. Completed form is to be submitted to the Gradient pertains to longitudinal slope NWFP Environmental Protection of the road, which is expressed in ratio Agency for evaluation. NWFP EPA of rise or fall, corresponding to the may request for additional information length of the road. or decide to undertake visit to the Habitat the general place or physical proposed project site in order to assess environment in which a population lives the environmental impact of the Impact on Environment means any proposed project. effect on land, water, air or any other component of the environment, as well 1.3 Glossary as on wildlife harvesting, and includes any effect on the social and cultural Act means the Pakistan Environmental environment or on heritage resources. Protection Act, 1997 Landslide a slide of a large mass of dirt Carriageway is the part of the road and rock down a mountain or cliff which is used for the traffic. Mitigation Measure means a measure Contamination introduction of for the control, reduction or elimination impurities in the environment of an adverse impact of a development Ditch is the drain provided along one or on the environment, including a the both sides of the road, so as to drain restorative measure. away water Pollution the presence in the environment Drainage Pattern system of drains or the introduction into it, of substances that Exotic Species a species that is have harmful or unpleasant effects F1B-Forest Road
  • 3. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 3 of 22 Regulations means the Pakistan Siltation accumulation of silt in a water Environmental Protection Agency body Review of Initial Environmental Threatened or Endangered Species a Examination and Environment Impact species in danger of becoming extinct Assessment Regulations, 2000 Soil Erosion physical removal of soil, either by wind or by running water 2. Project Profile 2.1 Description activity the soil also losses its Constructing roads in forest involves the compaction and is loosen up. The area following: thus becomes prone to erosion by wind and water action. Removing trees and clearing Stream crossings are particularly ground of vegetation vulnerable to water induced erosion for Cutting steep slopes that may unpaved roads. Traffic on unpaved required use of dynamite roads results in disturbing the stream Filling gullies and ditches. This banks from where a process of erosion may be done with the material cut may start. from the slopes or may require Tree cutting alone simply does not additional material from outside directly cause erosion. However, Compaction and leveling to removal of trees in a large area can prepare the surface for road indirectly affect the ground vegetation, which after loosing the shade provided Laying gravel and other base by the trees may eventually disappear material and lead to erosion. Preparing asphalt Erosion also becomes a problem if the Paving the road with asphalt road, culverts and water channels are not properly maintained. Leaves and other Finishing road shoulders, side debris block water path and that may walls and drains result in damaging road, creating new channels for water and erosion. 2.2 Environmental Aspects Removal of trees and vegetation cover, alteration of surface gradient, vibrations Soil Erosion and Landslides caused by the construction activity such Most soil erosion potential in a road as the use of dynamite and movement of project occurs during the construction heavy machinery, change in drainage period. Ground surface and slopes that pattern and alteration in soil compaction were previously covered with vegetation effects the slope stability and may and exposed. Due to the construction eventually lead to landslides. F1B-Forest Road
  • 4. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 4 of 22 Drainage Pattern management objective. For example, Road embankments restrict cross the road may open up new area for tree drainage, and cause the land on either harvesting. It is important that whether side of the embankment to flood in case the road is built by the Forest of heavy rains. This in turn may affect Department or any other agency, the the communities and also cause natural impact on the forest management plan streams and irrigation channels to should be critically reviewed. become silted. Construction Material Sourcing If cross-drainage structures are not Different types of construction material adequately maintained, culverts and are required during road construction. water channels tend to become choked These mainly include borrow material with debris and eroded soil, adversely for earth-fill and aggregate. The affecting the quality of surface water. aggregate is brought from quarries, Disturbance to Wildlife Habitat whereas material for earth-fill is usually obtained as close to the construction site Forests are important habitat for as possible. In general, areas used to different species of flora and fauna. acquire borrow material have significant Road construction causes direct and impact. Removal of soil for road indirect disturbance to the habitat. construction is a permanent change and Removal of trees, clearing and leveling can induce long-term impact on of ground directly destroys the habitat. drainage, soil erosion and land use This may be a serious issue if the road pattern. It can affect the productivity of passes through the habitat of threatened the land; result in conflicts with or endangered wildlife species. landowners regarding the restoration of Factors that may result in degradation of borrow areas; may prove hazardous to habitat include: human beings, livestock and wildlife; can become breeding ground for Bifurcation of the habitat by the mosquitoes if water stagnates in the pit. road Disturbance due to noise and Asphalt Plant Operation vibration during construction and The installation and operation of asphalt operation plant results in gaseous emission. The Change in drainage pattern, and plant is usually installed on leased land. After the completion of work conflicts Introduction of exotic species may arise with the landowners regarding through the construction material restoration of land and clearance of (sand and clay) brought from waste material. Spills from the plant outside may contaminate the soil and water sources. Compliance with Forest Management Plan Waste All forests in NWFP have documented Waste is generated during road and undocumented management construction and also during operation. objective and plan. New roads in the Road construction waste includes, forest should not conflict with the removed vegetation, waste asphalt, F1B-Forest Road
  • 5. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 5 of 22 excess construction material, used oil, Other potential users can also camp waste, excavated material. benefit from the road. These may Inappropriate disposal of these apart include the local communities and from creating pollution of water and soil, potential tourists. also lowers the general aesthetic value of Steep slopes are avoided to forest. minimize excavations. Construction of road opens up the area Road length in the path of streams, for visitors, tourists, transporters and storm water runoff, and floodplains also for the local community who benefit are minimized. from the road. It is commonly seen that the users of the road throw trash As much distance as possible is indiscriminately along the road. Heaps maintained form core wildlife of litters consisting of plastic bags, habitats and areas of endangered wrapping papers, and packaging and threatened species. material, are commonly seen on both sides of the road and particularly close to General Measures popular recreation sites and roadside Camps and asphalt plants should kiosks. be located at a minimum distance of 500 m from existing settlements, Community Safety built-up areas, wildlife habitats, or The communities living in the archaeological and cultural surrounding of the road and construction monuments. facilities may be affected during the As far as possible, barren land ie, construction. The general mobility of areas not under agricultural or both local residents and their livestock in residential use, and natural areas and around the construction area is often with a high elevation should be hindered. Unmonitored construction used for setting up project activities, eg, blasting, may create an facilities. accident risk for local residents, particularly their children Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable, the top 30 cm of the plough layer should be stripped 2.3 Mitigation Options and stockpiled for redressing the land after the required borrow Route Planning material has been removed. Most environmental issues associated The excavation of earth fill should with mountain and forest road be limited to an approximate depth construction project can be addressed by of 50 cm, particularly in farmlands. proper design of the road. Unlike plain areas where the road is almost the Ditches or borrow pits that cannot shortest distance between the two be fully rehabilitated should be terminals points, the route of a mountain landscaped to minimize erosion road is also determined by the terrain and to avoid creating hazards for and gradient. Apart from the technical people and livestock. considerations, the route should be Side drains should be constructed selected such that: to prevent flooding on the road. F1B-Forest Road
  • 6. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 6 of 22 An adequate number of bridges designed road maintenance plan and culverts should be constructed will minimize cost and across the road embankments and environmental damage. across intersecting rivers, natural Where possible, road should be streams and runoff paths. During located on well-drained soils. operations these should be regularly monitored and kept Road should be located outside cleaned. riparian zones except at stream crossings. Soil Erosion and Landslides Road should follow natural Good engineering practices should help contours to minimize cut and fill. control soil erosion, both at construction Design road in a way to balance sites and in borrow areas. These include cut and fills to minimize to need the following measures: for fill or removing excess Low embankments should be materials. protected from erosion by planting indigenous grasses Drainage Pattern High embankments, ie, over 2 m Cross-drainage structures across high, should be protected by road embankments, intersecting constructing stone pitching or a rivers, natural streams and canals riprap across the embankment. should be constructed at This practice should also be appropriate locations and of applied along cross-drainage required capacities to protect structures where embankments are nearby agricultural land and more susceptible to erosion by settlements from flooding. water runoff. Measures should be undertaken to The size of the construction prevent earth and stone material corridor should be minimized. The from blocking cross-drainage corridor should be physically structures on sections along or demarcated on the ground. No close to water channels. construction related activity should Measures should be undertaken to take place outside the zone to ensure that storm drains and road minimize disturbance to drainage systems are periodically vegetation. cleared to maintain storm water Exposed soil should be revegetated flow. quickly after construction and not exposed without mulch or Water and Soil Contamination vegetation over winter. Roadside slopes and ditches must Unpaved surfaced roads should be carefully located and designed have a minimum of 10 cm of in order to prevent stream siltation. gravel. Seed and mulch should be used Road maintenance is important in and temporary sediments control order to minimize erosion and the structures should be installed expense of reconstruction. A well- F1B-Forest Road
  • 7. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 7 of 22 immediately following If construction work close to construction to reduce erosion. certain habitats is unavoidable, disturbance due to noise and Construction activity should be vibration should be minimized by limited in water to periods of low using construction technologies and normal flow that generate low noise, for Use of equipment in a stream example muffled blasting instead should be kept to a minimum. of conventional blasting, and Camps should be located at least avoiding construction during night 500 m away from the nearest local The need for fill should be settlement to prevent the minimized. If unavoidable, the fill contamination of community- material should be brought from owned water resources. similar ecological zone to ensure Construction camps should be that seeds of exotic species are not established in areas with adequate introduced natural drainage channels in order A tree plantation program should to facilitate flow of the treated be initiated to compensate for the effluents. anticipated loss of vegetation Wastewater effluent from during construction activities, and construction workshops and to help abate pollution caused by equipment washing-yards should emissions, dust, and noise during be passed through gravel/sand beds road operation. to remove oil and grease Campsites and asphalt plants contaminants before discharging it should be established on barren into natural streams. land rather than on forested or Materials and chemicals that can agriculturally productive land. The potentially cause contamination of cutting of trees should be soil should be identified and the minimized. workforce should be trained in safe Construction vehicles, machinery storage and handling of these and equipment will remain material. confined within their designated A solid waste disposal site should areas of movement. be identified and all solid waste Compliance with Forest Management generated during construction and Plan at campsites should be disposed of only in waste disposal sites. All roads should be critically viewed against the management objectives of Disturbance to Wildlife Habitat the forest. Any conflict should be Critical wildlife habitats should be resolved. The forest department should identified before road design and be involved in the assessment and the construction process should be documented. The road should be designed to avoid the critical habitat and minimize bifurcation of the habitat F1B-Forest Road
  • 8. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 8 of 22 Asphalt Plant Operation transporters and the local Quarry areas and asphalt plants community. should be located at least 500 m An annual road and forest clean-up downwind from populated areas, campaign should be initiated in wildlife habitats, and contractors’ which all road users should be camps, to minimize the impact of invited to attend. dust emissions. Waste bins should be provided at Asphalt, hot mix and batching regular intervals. The bins should plants should be equipped with be cleaned regularly. dust control equipment such as fabric filters or wet scrubbers to Community Safety reduce the level of dust emissions. All communities living in the vicinity of the road project should Waste be informed in advanced about the A dumping site should be identified for construction schedule, the work construction waste. The site should be: plan, and safety hazards. Any At least 500 m from any community concerns should be community, water well, surface documented and addressed. water source Before any hazardous activity that Outside the floodplain or storm poses accident risk for local water runoff residents, community should be informed and watchmen posted at Outside critical wildlife habitat strategic points to ensure that no Not on steep land or cultivated area unauthorized person comes within the hazard zone. The landfill should be prepared in the following manner: Road safety audits should be undertaken. About 50 cm of topsoil should be first removed. Road markings and signage should installed After dumping the waste, road rollers should be used to compact Road should be widened and the waste as much as possible. design appropriately near settlements and intersection of The topsoil should then be spread tracks and roads to eliminate back and landscaping should be bottlenecks. undertaken. Public facilities, including bus bays No hazardous waste should be buried in with passenger waiting sheds and the dumping site. latrines, service lanes, footpaths, To keep the forest clean once the road pedestrian-crossing facilities, and become operational following measures fences should be constructed at should be taken: appropriate places. A public education program should be initiated. The program should focus on visitors, tourists, F1B-Forest Road
  • 9. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 9 of 22 Environmental Assessment Checklist Section I: Project Description File No _________________________________________ (To be filled by EPA) Date ___________________________________________________________ General Information 1. Project Name or Title____________________________________________ 2. Project Proponent (Department, organization, or owner) ________________ 3. Address ______________________________________________________ 4. Telephone ____________________________________________________ 5. Fax _________________________________________________________ 6. E-mail _______________________________________________________ 7. Representative of the Proponent___________________________________ 8. Designation ___________________________________________________ 9. Name of the person who conducted this assessment ___________________ 10. Designation ___________________________________________________ 11. Qualification___________________________________________________ Project Information 12. Project Location________________________________________________ 13. Name of Forest ________________________________________________ 14. Cost of the Project______________________________________________ 15. Period of construction (start and end dates) __________________________ Proposed Activity 16. Length of the proposed road ____________________________________ km 17. Width of road _________________________________________________ m 18. Surface type __________________________________________________ 19. Purpose of the road_____________________________________________ 20. Brief Project Description _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ F1B-Forest Road
  • 10. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 10 of 22 Please attach a map of the proposed project area 21. Number and type of major construction equipment that will be used _______ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 22. The total construction material that will be utilized? ____________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 23. Will any new land be acquired?____________________________________ If yes, please specify The total area:________________________________________________ Present ownership of land ______________________________________ What is the present use of the land? ______________________________ How the land will be acquired (Through Land Acquisition Act or Direct Purchase)? __________________________________________________ When the compensation will be paid? _____________________________ 24. In case of state land, are there any squatter settlements on the land? ______ If yes, please specify Number of settlements _________________________________________ Will any compensation be paid? __________________________________ When the compensation will be paid? _____________________________ 25. Is construction work during the night planned? ________________________ 26. How many trees will be removed for the construction of the road? _________ 27. Will any existing asphalt be removed? ______________________________ If yes, how much? ______________________________________________ Where it will be disposed?________________________________________ 28. How many trees will be removed for the construction of the road? _________ F1B-Forest Road
  • 11. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 11 of 22 29. Please provide the information on the following facilities: Facility Location Land Size Nearest Nearest Water community and Body and its Its Distance Distance Construction Camp 1 Construction Camp 2 Construction Camp 3 Asphalt Plant Waste Dumping Site Borrow Area 1 Borrow Area Borrow Area Borrow Area Aggregate Quarry Section II: Screening Is the proposed road or part of the proposed road: A federal highway? Yes No A provincial highway? Yes No In an ecologically sensitive area? Yes No Is the cost of the road more than Rs 10 million? Yes No If the answer to any of the above questions is yes, then the project would require an initial environmental examination or an environment impact assessment. Refer to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environment Impact Assessment Regulations, 2000 for appropriate category. F1B-Forest Road
  • 12. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 12 of 22 Section III: Environmental Profile 1. Describe the terrain of the project area: Flat or Level (Slope < 3%) Level to moderately steep (Slope 3%-30%) Moderately steep to mountainous (Slope > 30%) (In case the proposed road will pass through terrain in which the slope varies, indicate the approximate percentage of each type of terrain) 2. What is the maximum elevation of the proposed road? < 400 meters above sea level (masl) 400-800 masl > 800 masl 3. Will the road cross any natural stream or canal? Yes No If yes, describe each water body: Name (including Dimensions (Width Flow Status and Uses (Is type, ie, canal or and depth at the (flow rate in cusecs it polluted? Upstream 3 stream) proposed road or m /s) pollution, eg, sewage crossing) discharge? Downstream uses, eg, agriculture, domestic, industrial, washing, fishery 4. Is there any site of cultural importance (graveyard, shrine, mosque, archeological site) in the vicinity of the proposed road? Yes No If yes, Please describe? _________________________________________ 5. How many sensitive receptors (schools, colleges, hospitals, and clinics) are located in the vicinity of the proposed road? __________________________ Please attach a list along with the approximate distance from the road F1B-Forest Road
  • 13. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 13 of 22 6. For every 250 m section of the road describe the present land use on both sides of the road as follows: Section and Residential Commercial Open Land Sensitive Other Side (Thick, (Office, (Parks, Receptors Moderate, Shops, Fuel Farmlands, and Sites of Sparse) Stations) unutilized Cultural plots, barren Importance land 0-250 m Right 0-250 m Left 250-500 m Right 250-500 m Left 500-750 m Right 500-750 m Left 7. If the proposed project entails rehabilitation of an existing road, what is the existing level of traffic on this road? ________________________________ 8. Are there any ecologically sensitive areas within 1,000 m of the proposed road? ________________________________________________________ If yes, please describe___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ F1B-Forest Road
  • 14. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 14 of 22 Section IV: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Sound Planning Other potential users have been identified and their need taken into account in the project design Steep slopes have been avoided Road length in the path of streams, storm water runoff, and floodplains have been minimized Core wildlife habitat have been identified A minimum distance of ___ m have been maintained form core wildlife habitats, areas of endangered and threatened species Road is design road in a way to balance cut and fills to minimize to need for fill or removing excess materials The road plan has been critically assessed against the management objectives of the forest; the forest department was involved in the assessment; the process was documented. General Measures Camps and asphalt plants will be located at a minimum distance of 500 m from existing settlements, built-up areas, wildlife habitats, or archaeological and cultural monuments Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 15. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 15 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Barren land ie, areas not under agricultural or residential use, and natural areas with a high elevation will be used for setting up project facilities Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable, the top 30 cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the required borrow material has been removed The excavation of earth fill will be limited to an approximate depth of 50 cm, particularly in farmlands. Ditches or borrow pits that cannot be fully rehabilitated will be landscaped to minimize erosion and to avoid creating hazards for people and livestock Side drains will be constructed to prevent flooding on the road. An adequate number of bridges and culverts will be constructed across the highway embankments and across intersecting rivers, natural streams and runoff paths During operations, the cross-drainage structures will be regularly monitored and kept cleaned Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 16. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 16 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Soil Erosion and Landslides Low embankments will be protected from erosion by planting indigenous grasses High embankments, ie, over 2 m high, will be protected by constructing stone pitching or a riprap across the embankment. This practice will also be applied along cross-drainage structures where embankments are more susceptible to erosion by water runoff The size of the construction corridor will be minimized. The corridor will be physically demarcated on the ground. No construction related activity will take place outside the zone to minimize disturbance to vegetation Exposed soil will be revegetated quickly after construction and not exposed without mulch or vegetation over winter Unpaved surfaced roads will have a minimum of 10 cm of gravel A road maintenance plan will be prepared as soon as the construction is complete Where possible, road will be located on well- drained soils Road will be located outside riparian zones except at stream crossings Road will follow natural contours Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 17. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 17 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Drainage Pattern Road will be located outside riparian zones except at stream crossings Road will follow natural contours Cross-drainage structures (such as culvert and causeways) across road embankments, intersecting rivers, streams and canals will be constructed at appropriate locations and of required capacities to protect nearby agricultural land and settlements from flooding Measures will be undertaken to prevent earth and stone material from blocking cross-drainage structures on sections along or close to water channels Measures will be undertaken to ensure that storm drains and road drainage systems are periodically cleared to maintain storm water flow Water and Soil Contamination Roadside slopes and ditches will be carefully located and designed in order to prevent stream siltation Seed and mulch will be used and temporary sediments control structures will be installed immediate following construction to reduce erosion Construction activity in water will be limited to periods of low and normal flow Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 18. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 18 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Use of equipment in streams will be kept to the minimum Camps will be located at least 500 m away from the nearest local settlement to prevent the contamination of community-owned water resources. Construction camps will be established in areas with adequate natural drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents Wastewater effluent from construction workshops and equipment washing-yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil and grease contaminants before discharging it into natural streams. Materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination of soil will be identified and the workforce will be trained in safe storage and handling of these material. A solid waste disposal site will be identified and all solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be properly treated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal sites. Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 19. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 19 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Disturbance to Wildlife Critical wildlife habitats will be identified before Habitat road design and construction The road will be located to avoid the critical habitat and minimize bifurcation of the habitat If construction work close to certain habitats is unavoidable, disturbance due to noise and vibration will be minimized by using construction technologies that generate low noise Construction work during night will be avoided The need for fill will be minimized. If unavoidable, the fill material will be brought from similar ecological zone to ensure that seeds of exotic species are not introduced A tree plantation program will be initiated to compensate for the anticipated loss of vegetation during construction activities, and to help abate pollution caused by emissions, dust, and noise during road operation. Campsites and asphalt plants will be established on barren land rather than on forested or agriculturally productive land. The cutting of trees for this purpose will be minimized. Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will remain confined within their designated areas of movement. Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 20. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 20 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Asphalt Plant Operation Quarry areas and asphalt plants will be located at least 500 m downwind from populated areas, wildlife habitats, and contractors’ camps, to minimize the impact of dust emissions. Asphalt, hot mix and batching plants will be equipped with dust control equipment such as fabric filters or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Waste A solid waste disposal site has been identified and all solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be disposed of only in waste disposal site The landfill will be prepared as per the guidelines No hazardous waste will be buried in the dumping site A public awareness program will be initiated to keep the forest clean Annual road and forest clean-up campaign will be initiated Waste bins will be provided at regular intervals. The bins will be cleaned regularly. Continued… F1B-Forest Road
  • 21. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 21 of 22 …Continues Potential Negative Tick, if relevant Mitigation Measures Tick, if Monitoring Plan Environmental Impacts proposed Community Safety All communities living in the vicinity of the road project will be informed in advanced about the construction schedule, the work plan, and safety hazards. Any community concerns will be documented and addressed. Before any hazardous activity that poses accident risk for local residents, community will be informed and watchmen posted at strategic points to ensure that no unauthorized person comes within the hazard zone. Road safety audits will be undertaken. Road markings and signage will installed Road will be widened and design appropriately near settlements and intersection of tracks and roads to eliminate bottlenecks. Public facilities, including bus bays with passenger waiting sheds and latrines, service lanes, footpaths, pedestrian-crossing facilities, and fences will be constructed at appropriate places. F1B-Forest Road
  • 22. Forest Road Constructions No: Version: B Date: 21 May 2004 Page 22 of 22 Section V: Undertaking I, (full name and address) as proponent for (name, description and location of project) do hereby solemnly affirm and declare: 1. The information on the proposed project and the environment provided in Forms I, II and III are correct to the best of my knowledge 2. I fully understand and accept the conditions contained in the Guidelines for (name, number and version of the guidelines) 3. I undertake to design, construct and operate the project strictly in accordance with the project described in Form I, submitted with this undertaking. 4. I undertake to implement all mitigation measures and undertake monitoring stated in Form IV, submitted with this undertaking. Date _______ Signature ____________________ Name ____________________ Designation ____________________ (with official stamp/seal) Witnesses: Signature Name Address 1 2 F1B-Forest Road