Continuous Application Security at Scale with IAST and RASP -- Transforming DevOps into DevSecOps
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Abstract: SAST, DAST, and WAF have been around for almost 15 years — they’re almost impossible to use, can’t protect modern applications, and aren’t compatible with modern software development. Recent studies have demonstrated that these tools miss the majority of real vulnerabilities and attacks while generating staggering numbers of false positives. To compensate, these tools require huge teams of application security experts that can’t possibly keep up with the size of modern application portfolios. Fortunately, the next generation of application security technology uses dynamic software instrumentation to solve these challenges. Gartner calls these products “Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)” and “Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP).” In this talk, you’ll learn how IAST and RASP have revolutionized vulnerability assessment and attack prevention in a massively scalable way. Bio: A pioneer in application security, Jeff Williams is the founder and CTO of Contrast Security, a revolutionary application security product. Contrast is an application agent that enables software to both report vulnerabilities and prevent attacks. Jeff has over 25 years of security experience, speaks frequently on cutting-edge application security, and has helped secure code at hundreds of major enterprises. Jeff served as the Global Chairman of the OWASP Foundation for eight years, where he created many open-source standards, tools, libraries, and guidelines - including the OWASP Top Ten.
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Continuous Application Security at Scale with IAST and RASP -- Transforming DevOps into DevSecOps
- 1. Continuous Application Security at Scale with IAST and RASP Transforming DevOps into DevSecOps Jeff Williams, CTO and founder Contrast Security @planetlevel OWASP NOVA – July 2016
- 2. 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF APPLICATION SECURITY AUTOMATION DAST (Dynamic AppSecTesting) WAF (Web Application Firewall) SAST (Static AppSecTesting) IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/ Prevention System) Development (find vulnerabilities) Operations (block attacks) IAST (Interactive AppSecTesting) RASP (Runtime Application Self-Protection) UnifiedAgent IAST and RASP 2002 2002 20142012 2015
- 4. WARNING: Security has detected and blocked an attempted attack. This attack has been fully logged and may be further investigated. If you believe you have received this message in error, please contact security@company.com with the details of the incident. In 17 years of noisy pentesting, I have seen many stack traces, many error messages, and many requests to “please try again.” I have never been identified as an attacker. Madness.
- 5. 5 APPSEC IS GETTING HARDER EVERY DAY! Explosive growth in libraries and frameworks Libraries Microservices, APIs, REST, SOAP, single- page apps Services Rapidly growing use of cloud and containers Cloud High speed software development Agile Legacy application security tools can’t handle the speed, size, and complexity of modern software development
- 6. 6 OWASP Benchmark 21,000 test cases across a range of true and false vulnerabilities Free Open Reproducible Sponsored by DHS IAST-01 33%
- 7. 7 THE TRUE COST OF FALSE POSITIVES Tool App 400 PossibleVulnerabilities In two days, we can triage 100 of 400 “possibles.” (10% true positives) We can confirm 10 of 40 real vulnerabilities. Security Scanner PDF Report We will miss 30 of 40 real vulnerabilities.
- 8. 8 WHAT’S YOUR ACTSOA? ANNUAL COST TO SECURE ONE APPLICATION Cost Factor Description Cost License Cost Typical per-application annual license. This cost is $0 if relying on a manual pentest and/or manual code review. Analysis Actually assessing an application typically takes 2-4 weeks for a manual review, 1 for an automated scan. Triage Experts must eliminate false positives from automated tool results. Plan on several per assessment, zero for manual reviews. Reporting Every vulnerability needs to get risk rated, written up, tracked, reported, and closed. Dashboards need to be created. Figure one day per assessment. Remediation Full cost to remediate and deploy fixes. Typical application has 22 vulnerabilities at hours each at $100/hr totaling roughly $44,000. $$$$ Retest The retest verifies that issues identified have been fixed appropriately. Typically the retest costs about 25% of original assessment. Management If running a scanning program, several headcount will be needed to manage the schedule, contracts, and infrastructure required. TOTAL ?
- 9. 9 ACCURACY, AUTOMATION, AND SCALABILITY You can’t scale appsec without highly accurate tools (both true positives and true negatives) Because inaccuracies require experts… …and experts don’t scale.
- 11. 11 CONTINUOUS APPLICATION SECURITY Development and Operations Push code to production with fully automated security support Application Security Security experts deliver security as code Management Management makes informed decisions with detailed security analytics New Code Production
- 12. 12 CONTINUOUS APPLICATION SECURITY New Code Production Development and Operations Standard Defenses Attack Protection Security Integration Application Security Security Research (Internal) Threat Intelligence (External) Security Architecture Management Security Orchestration Security Training
- 13. 4. The use of measuring instruments to monitor and control a process. It is the art and science of measurement and control of process variables within a production, laboratory, or manufacturing area.
- 14. Source instrumentation Inject simple static method call
- 15. Binary instrumentation • Widely used • CPU Performance • Memory • Logging • Security • … • Lots of libraries • ASM (Java) • BCEL (Java) • Javassist (Java) • MBEL (.NET) • RAIL (.NET) • …
- 16. Dynamic binary instrumentation! Runtime Environment ClassClassClass ClassClassClass Agent ClassClassClass ClassClassClass Binary code is enhanced as it loads ClassClassClass ClassClassClassOriginal Binary Code Command and Control Dashboard Instrumented Binary Code
- 17. 17 Runtime INSTRUMENTATION IN ACTION App Server Frameworks Libraries Custom Code Your application stack Instrumentation Agent 1 Add agent -javaagent:appsec.jar 2 Agent instruments running application 4 Dashboard provides visibility and control 3 Agent blocks attacks and finds vulnerabilities Dashboard Attacks and vulnerabilities
- 18. 18 Security context assembled within agent DETECTING AND BLOCKING BOTH ATTACKS AND VULNERABILITIES Developer Tester User Attacker Controller Validation Session Business Logic Data Layer SQL API Database HTTP Request Validation Tags Data Tracking Data Parsing Escaping Tags Query Vulnerability? Attack? Sensors woven into running application
- 19. 19 Software is a black box. STOP TALKING ABOUT “STATIC” AND “DYNAMIC” HTTP Traffic Code Frameworks Libraries Runtime Data Flow Runtime Control Flow Backend Connections Configuration Data Server Configuration Etc… Platform Runtime Software Architecture SAST DAST WAF Instrumentation Talk about what information you need to confirm a vulnerability or an attack
- 20. 20 Instrumentation speed and accuracy dominates SAST and DAST OWASP Benchmark - 21,000 test cases across a range of vulnerabilities 33% 100% Sponsored by DHS 92% IAST-01
- 21. RAS P RAS P RAS P WA F GET /foo?name='%20or%20 %20'1'='1 HTTP/1.0 GET /foo?name='%20or%20 %20'1'='1 HTTP/1.0 WAF RASP Three problems: 1) Bottleneck 2) No context 3) Impedance RAS P stmt.execute( "select * from table where id ='1' or '1'='1'" ); APPLICATION DECISION POINT PERIMETER DECISION POINT
- 22. Instrumentation performance – same as code WebGoat RASP Processing Typical traffic 50 microseconds Mixed traffic 170 microseconds Heavy attack traffic 230 microseconds • Number of applications doesn’t matter • No bottleneck on either bandwidth or CPU millionths of a second
- 23. Application Platform Instrumentation adds a security assessment and protection API to every application Physical Host or VM Container OS Container Runtime 3rd Party Frameworks 3rd Party Libraries Apps and APIs Examples… • Report all use of DES/MD5 • Turn off XML doctype • Set X-Frame-Options • Report SQL injection vulns • Log all failed authentications • Block Spring EL attacks • Report vulnerable libraries • Deploy virtual patches • Block apps with old jQuery Your standard application stack(s) RAS P
- 24. Instrumented application portfolio AppSec Control Plane User Planepartners users employees devices hackers bots organized crimeinsiders operations information security application security developmentcompliance Visibility • Attacks • Vulnerabilities • Enhanced logging • Application profiles • Libraries and frameworks • Software architecture Control • Attack protection policy • Secure coding policy • Library policy • Crypto policy • Connection policy • Configuration policy CONTAINERS
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- Title: Continuous Application Security at Scale with IAST and RASP Abstract: SAST, DAST, and WAF have been around for almost 15 years — they’re almost impossible to use, can’t protect modern applications, and aren’t compatible with modern software development. Recent studies have demonstrated that these tools miss the majority of real vulnerabilities and attacks while generating staggering numbers of false positives. To compensate, these tools require huge teams of application security experts that can’t possibly keep up with the size of modern application portfolios. Fortunately, the next generation of application security technology uses dynamic software instrumentation to solve these challenges. Gartner calls these products “Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)” and “Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP).” In this talk, you’ll learn how IAST and RASP have revolutionized vulnerability assessment and attack prevention in a massively scalable way.
- In the early 2000’s people started using static and dynamic scanners to find vulnerabiltiies In operations at that time, they started using WAF and IDS/IPS to block attacks. And it stayed that way for the last 65 million years…. Until 2014 when people started using software instrumentation agents. In development, we call this IAST In production, we call this RASP As I’ll show you next, these agents have huge advantages over scanners and firewalls.
- The Golden Age of Pentest, SAST, DAST
- If I send a request that NO LEGITIMATE USER could not possibly have ever generated. Why am I not instantly banned? Why do I get error messages that say “PLEASE TRY AGAIN” This is crazy – it’s actually not that hard to detect a real attack. It’s obvious when you look at them. Blocking attacks is probably the simplest way to get the BIGGEST amount of security protection. .
- SERVICES - Move to APIs for web, mobile, B2B LIBRARIES-Supply chain CLOUD - Application mobility -need flexibility AGILE- Rapid deployment
- There’s a better way…
- And it looks like this…
- RASP is basically just SELF-PROTECTION via SECURITY INSTRUMENTATION Instrumentation is basically tapping into something complicated so you can monitor and control it.
- This is the simplest kind of instrumentation – we do it directly in source code. This is the MYSQL JDBC implementation I added simple callbacks to the NONPARAMETERIZED MYSQL methods. You can compile this and add it to your applications This is a simple way to collect data about everywhere that an organization uses non-parameterized database calls. Notice we’re turning application security inside out – data comes to you. You don’t have to go collect the data. But the point is that this is incredibly safe.
- And you do the same thing with binary instrumentation – modify the binaries on disk to contain security sensors. This has the advantage of being a post-compilation step. It happens without the need for source code and complex build chains. But it’s still just the same basic INSERTION OF STATIC CALLS. Binary instrumentation is fast, safe and reliable You’re already almost certainly using this type of instrumentation. It’s used everywhere – frameworks, libraries, BCEL is even built into Java itself. It’s actually one of the reasons that static code analysis is so hopeless.
- We can even take this one step farther and do the instrumentation as the code loads into memory. This is supported in many frameworks – like the Java Instrumentation API, the .NET profiler, etc… Every single bit of code gets instrumented – custom code, LIBRARIES, FRAMEWORKS, even DYNAMICALLY loaded code. This makes it incredibly convenient – just make the agent part of your standard stack. It’s easy – but that’s the one ask – you have to add this to your stack. But it’s SO WORTH IT So now we have ALL the ingredients to hook up a RASP engine.
- So let’s walk through how RASP works to block a real attack Accuracy is EVERYTHING here. The reason almost all WAFs are in LOG MODE is that they’re not accurate. When a request comes in, the RASP engine sees it. If it stopped here, that’d be nothing more than a WAF. REMEMBER – not all RASP is created equal. The better the instrumentation… the better the results. As you can see the RASP engine collects CONTEXT from every bit of the REQUEST. It builds a complete story. When the attack is finally formed – seeing that it is an attack and blocking it is EASY and OBVIOUS.
- Let’s get this out of the way. Yes RASP can block attacks like a WAF. Better actually. Botttom line is that: RASP architecture and performance are way superior RASP is accurate because it has INSANE amount of CONTEXT – sees the whole query and taint RASP is way more accurate because it doesn’t have the impedance mismatch problem – there IS NO separate parser SOLVE application security problems in the APPLICATION layer. PERIOD
- RASP is fantastic for performance. * No extra hop As you can see it’s 1/20th of a millisecond typically, and slightly more when it’s under attack RASP ends up instrumenting in a lot of what the developer probably should have coded in in the first place * As fast or FASTER than if you coded it yourself Well, since RASP is just code -- no limit on the size of applications. 20 million lines of code. We've been doing this since 2009 - extremely well proven.
- RASP is FAR MORE than a WAF replacement. It’s like an API for security monitoring and control. Why do you need such an API? Because your needs change. How will you respond to the next Deserializion Flaw. With an API like this you can * Quickly find out exactly what your applications are doing Add security defenses to your applications Block attempts to attack your applications In fact, it’s nothing less than an ADAPTER that gives you total over visibility and policy across your entire portfolio. Tell some of the stories…
- And now let’s think about appsec at devops speed and portfolio scale with RASP. Imagine that you’ve added a RASP agent as part of your standard application stack All the applications in your portfolio now have an APPSEC API and capabilities Internal, external, dev, test, stage, prod, cloud, container, etc….. Application security moves with the application Network security has had a control plane forever – you can monitor and control all your devices, endpoints, firewalls, etc…. Application security is just the Wild West – no way to manage application security AT ALL. How long would it take you to add logging for encrytpion failures to all your apps, or add a clickjacking header, etc.... We currently measure these projects in YEARS, but we need to respond to new attacks in MINUTES Through RASP, you have complete control over application security across all of those applications in real time You control what visibility you want You control the policies