Marine pollution and its effect on environment

1. MARINE POLLUTION AND
ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT

2. CONTENTS
. INTRODUCTION
.SOURCES OF POLLUTION
.TYPES OF POLLUTION
. OIL POLLUTION
. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTIO
. EUTROPHICATION
. EUTROPHICATION EFFECTS
. CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS-METALS
. CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS-HALOGINATED HYDROCARBONS
. CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS EFFECTS
. THERMAL POLLUTION
. RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
. LITTER AND PLASTIC POLLUTION
. LITTER AND PLASTIC POLLUTION EFFECTS
. CONCLUSION
. REFERENCES

4. MARINE POLLUTION
Definition: The introduction by man of substances or energy into the
marine environment , which results in harm to marine life, hazards to
human health, hindrance to marine activities , including fishing and
other legitimate use of sea impairment of quality for use of sea water
and reduction of amenities.(WHO).

5. Sources of Pollution
Land based sources
⃝Agricultural run-off
⃝Municipal and industrial
waste
Sea based sources
⃝Oceanic dumping
⃝Offshore oil spills

6. TYPES OF POLLUION
SHORT TERM-eg. an oil spill, the effects of which diminish with time
LONG TERM-eg. nutrient input, effluent discharge

7. TYPES OF POLLUTION
Oil(petroleum hydrocarbons)
Eutrophication
Conservative
Thermal
Radiation
Litter and plastic debris
Metals
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons

8. OIL POLLUTION


9. Oil pollution is mostly used to describe marine oil spills ,
where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters.
Oil spills are due to the following:
crude oil from tankers offshore platforms
drilling rigs and wells
spills of refined petroleum product(such as gasoline, diesel)
spill of any oil refuse or waste oil

10. IMPACTS
Generally oil pollution affects ecosystem ,health , recreational
water quality .

11. Eutrophication
‘The enrichment of water by
nutrients especially nitrogen
&/or phosphorous , causing
an accelerated growth of
algae and higher forms of
plant life to produce an
undesirable disturbance to
the balance of organisms
present in the water and to
the quality of water
concerned’

12. EUTROPHICATION IMPACTS

13. Conservative pollutants-metals
The major sources of metals are:
-Natural sources
- Manmade sources
Natural sources
Erosion of ore- bearing rocks
Atmospheric inputs-wind blown dust
Volcanic activity
Riverine inputs into oceans

14. Conservative pollutants-metals
Manmade sources
. Industrial discharge
. Sewage

15. Impact
conservative pollutants -metals
An example of mercury pollution in minamato,bay japan(1953-1960)
Shell fishes contaminated with mercury , people who consumed shellfish severally
affected.

16. Conservative pollutants
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Sources:
Aerial transport
Aerial spraying of pesticides as Aerosols-travel great distances
Fresh water inputs
Rain washing of pesticides carried into seas by rivers
Silt from flood
Direct inputs
By industrial out falls especially by pesticide manufacturing
companies

17. Impacts-conservative pollutants-
halogenated hydrocarbons
 Low solubility in water persist for long durations
 Fat-soluble , so incorporated into the tissue of marine organisms and
sediments.
 Lethal to the animal .
 Possibility of transmission through food webs – established in a
number of animals.

18. Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by
any process that changes ambient water temperature
Outfall from qurrayah power plant Saudi Arabia

19. RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
Sources
Weapon testing-testing of
nuclear weapons-when
exploded under water release
fission products and isotopes
Liquid wastes-discharge from
the cooling water of nuclear
reactors
Solid wastes-dumping of radio
active wastes in sea(now no
longer practiced)

20. Radioactive pollution impacts
 Possibility of bioaccumulation – especially in algae and bivalves
eg. Porphyra near a nuclear power plant location had 10 times
more caesium-137 than in the surrounding waters

21. Litter and plastics pollution

22. Litter and plastics
pollution
Marine litter is human
created waste that has
deliberately or
accidentally become
afloat in the sea or ocean.
It tends to accumulate at
the center of gyres and on
coastlines, frequently
washing around, when it
is known as beach litter or
tide wrack

23. Litter and plastics pollution impacts
 Many animals that live on or in the sea consume by mistake, as it
often looks similar to their natural prey
 Blocks the passage of food and causing death through starvation or
infection.
 Tiny floating particles also resemble zooplankton, which can lead
filter feeders to consume them and cause them to enter the ocean food
chain.

24. Plastics impact
Victim: This turtle has had its shelf constricted by a piece of plastic waste found
in the great garbage patch - a part of the northern Pacific Ocean
MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

25. Scientists on Kamilo Beach
in Hawaii have discovered
a new type of “rock” that
will stay in the Earth’s
strata forever.
The rock is made out of
plastic rubbish and other
MATERIALS, and has been
dubbed Plastiglomerate.

26. • the most important strategy for
reducing marine pollution is education
–Awareness
–Research
–Dissemination
CONCLUSION

27. REFERENCES
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
WWW.OCEANLINK.INFO
WWW.BEACHCHAIRSCIENTIST.COM
www.marinebio.org

28.  THANK YOU