South Carolina Local Government Energy Assurance Workshop: Community Energy Profile & Community Liquid Fuel Plan

1. SC LOCAL GOVERNMENTSC LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ENERGY ASSURANCEENERGY ASSURANCE
WORKSHOPWORKSHOP
Community Energy Profile
&
Community Liquid Fuel Plan

2. Who Moved My Cheese?

3. AgendaAgenda
• Energy Systems
•Electricity
•Petroleum
•Natural Gas
• Energy Assurance Workbook
•Community Profile
•Community Liquid Fuel Plan

4. What is electricity?What is electricity?
• Theory vs. practice
– Flow of charged particles
– What powers your iPhone
• Secondary form of energy
– Medium of transfer, not
an original source
Graphic source: Department of Energy

5. How is it used?How is it used?
• Ubiquitous
• Expected
• Essential
– Core governmental functions
– Economy
– Welfare

6. Who is producing it?Who is producing it?
• Investor-Owned Utilities:
– Duke / Progress Energy (legacy)
– SCE&G
– Lockhart Power (Hydro & Renewable)
• State Owned Utility
– SC Public Service Authority (Santee Cooper)
* Remember to record your provider in your Community
Energy Profile

7. How is it generated?How is it generated?
• Base Load………………………………92%
– Coal-40%
– Nuclear-52%
• Auxiliary………………………………….4%
– Natural Gas
– Petroleum
• Renewables……………………………..4%
– Solar
– Wind
– Biomass

8. CoalCoal
• 9 plants in-state
– Base load
•Duke
•SCE&G
•SC PSA (Santee Cooper)
Graphic source: EPA

9. NuclearNuclear
• ~52% of Base Generation
• Operated by Duke Power, Progress Energy and
SCE&G
Name Utility Location Reactor Design
Oconee 1 Duke Energy Oconee County Pressurized Water
Oconee 2 Duke Energy Oconee County Pressurized Water
Oconee 3 Duke Energy Oconee County Pressurized Water
Robinson Duke Energy Hartsville Pressurized Water
Summer SCE&G Jenkinsville Pressurized Water

10. Natural GasNatural Gas
• Traditionally used for auxiliary generation
– Accounts for ~ 4% of Electric Generation
– Rapid spin-up to manage high demand
• Increasingly used for base generation
– Changing economics and environmental regulation will
encourage new construction and conversion

11. Natural GasNatural Gas
• SCE&G
– Beech Island
– Jasper County
• Duke
– Darlington
– Cherokee (Mill Creek)

12. How does it get to consumers?How does it get to consumers?
• The U.S. electrical grid is the
largest, most complex machine
on Earth
• The “integrated grid”
transfers power between
regions as needed to
balance demand
• High voltage transmission
improves efficiency
• Voltage steps down as lines
approach end-users

13. How does it get to consumers?How does it get to consumers?
• Transmission lines carry bulk power (up to 800kV)
• Voltage is stepped down at substations
• Distribution lines carry between 1kV and 70kV
Graphic source: Maryland Chapter of the Sierra Club

14. How does it get to consumers?How does it get to consumers?
• Who distributes it?
– Investor Owned Utilities
•Duke/Progress, Lockhart, SCE&G etc…
– 1 State Owned Utility
•SC Public Service Authority aka. Santee Cooper
– 21 Municipal Utilities
•Georgetown, McCormick, Rock Hill etc…
– 21 Electric Cooperatives
•Aiken Electric Coop, Palmetto Electric Coop etc…

15. PetroleumPetroleum
• Energy System Vulnerabilities
– Does a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil really set off
a tornado in Texas???

16. PetroleumPetroleum
• This module is about petroleum, the source of motor
fuels that power our transportation system. We will
cover:
– What petroleum is
– Global Supply
– Domestic production
– Transportation of petroleum
– Crude oil and refined product markets
– South Carolina’s distribution system
– Vulnerabilities and interdependencies

17. What is petroleum?What is petroleum?
• Crude Oil
– Unit of Measure is the barrel
– Equivalent to 42 U.S. Gallons
– Processed into 45 gallons of petroleum products:
•Gasoline- 19 gals
•Diesel- 10 gals
•Kerosene
•Petrochemicals

18. What is petroleum?What is petroleum?
• Crude Oil
– Extracted by a drilling rig
– Transported via pipeline
– Transported by ship

19. What is petroleum?What is petroleum?
• Classifications of Crude Oil
– Light
– Sweet
– Heavy
– Sour

20. Global SupplyGlobal Supply

21. Global SupplyGlobal Supply

22. Domestic ProductionDomestic Production
• 5 PADD’s
• PADD-1
– PADD-1A New England
– PADD-1B Central Atlantic
– PADD-1C-Lower Atlantic

23. Domestic ProductionDomestic Production
• PADD-1 ~0.4%
• PADD-2 ~16%
• PADD-3 ~56%
• PADD-4 ~ 6.6%
• PADD-5 ~ 20%
Graphic source:
EIA

24. Domestic ProductionDomestic Production

25. Transportation of petroleumTransportation of petroleum
Strait of
Hormuz
Suez
Canal
Bab El-Mandad
Bosphorus

26. Crude MarketsCrude Markets
• Benchmark Crude Markets- WTI V Brent

27. Refined MarketsRefined Markets
• NYMEX
– RBOB
– CL
– NG

28. Refined MarketsRefined Markets
• Basis
– Difference between Futures and Cash market

29. Refined MarketsRefined Markets
10- 20 days

30. Refined MarketsRefined Markets
Instantaneous market reaction
By Close of Business same day
2 days after event, if that

31. South Carolina’s PetroleumSouth Carolina’s Petroleum
• Petroleum Demand
– Gasoline ~ 72%
– Diesel ~ 20%

32. PipelinesPipelines
• Pipelines that serve SC
– Colonial Pipeline
– Plantation Pipeline
– Dixie Pipeline
• Considerations
– Safety
– Regulation
– Common Carrier
– Time

33. TerminalsTerminals
• 6 Terminals in SC
– Belton
– Blacksburg
– North Augusta
– Charleston
– North Charleston
– Spartanburg
• Temporarily store finished petroleum products
• Re-injects product back into pipeline

34. TerminalsTerminals
• Ethanol Blending
•Belton
•North Augusta
•Spartanburg
• Inserts “special” components into gasoline
– Its what makes BP, Exxon, Shell “Special”
• Serves local markets

35. JobbersJobbers
• Contract
– May cost more for contract
– Security of contract
• Non-Contract
– May be inexpensive sometimes
– Other times may be very expensive
– More susceptible to market fundamentals

36. JobbersJobbers
• Branded-
– Only branded fuel can go into the tank
– Special additives
– At times, can be more expensive
• Unbranded
– Can put any fuel in tank
– May not have branded additive
*Remember to record your providers in your Community Energy
Profile

37. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Geopolitical-
– OPEC-Non-OPEC
– OECD and Non-OECD demand

38. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Environmental-
– Severe weather such as hurricanes
– Weather events in the Gulf of Mexico
•Systematic response
– One week prior to landfall- reduce port operations
– Self protective volumes
•Market response
– Speculation

39. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Local-
– Availability of product
•May be affected events occurring else ware
– Electric
•May affect the ability to pump fuel
•May affect the ability to pay for fuel- i.e. credit card, fuel key…
– Consumer response
– Top off tanks

40. InterdependenciesInterdependencies
• Electricity-
– Affects pipeline pumping stations
– Affects SCADA systems
– Affects financial systems
•Point of sale transactions
•ATM’s

41. InterdependenciesInterdependencies
• Transportation
– Rail system- Ethanol deliveries
– Roadways
• Communications and Data
– Place and receive orders
• Agriculture
– Corn
• Ethanol
• Water
– Irrigation
– Refining process-steam

42. Conclusion and questionsConclusion and questions
• We have discussed:
– What petroleum is
– Global Supply
– Domestic production
– Transportation of petroleum
– Crude oil and refined product markets
– South Carolina’s distribution system
– Vulnerabilities and interdependencies

43. Natural GasNatural Gas
• Energy System Vulnerabilities

44. What is Natural Gas?What is Natural Gas?
• Fossil fuel
– Hydrocarbon
– Commonly associated with oil
• Composed of several gases
– Primary: Methane
– Others: Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane
• Colorless, odorless
• “Wet” vs. “Dry” gas

45. What is Natural Gas?What is Natural Gas?
• Measurement
– Cubic Feet
•BCF- Billion Cubic Feet
•MMCF-Million Cubic Feet
– BTU
•British Thermal Unit
•MMBTU- Million British Thermal Units
– Therm
•100,000 BTU

46. The Natural Gas IndustryThe Natural Gas Industry
• Natural Gas Activities
– Production
– Transmission
– Distribution

47. The Natural Gas IndustryThe Natural Gas Industry
• NC Natural Gas Operators
– Production-None
– Transmission
•Interstate Pipeline
•Williams Transcontinental (Williams-Transco)
– Distribution
•SCE&G
•Piedmont Natural Gas Company
*Remember to record your providers in your Community Energy
Profile

48. Global SupplyGlobal Supply
• In some cases natural gas is liquefied and shipped
via LNG tanker ships

49. Domestic SupplyDomestic Supply
• Conventional Production Areas
• No production in SC
Graphic source: Geology.com

50. Domestic SupplyDomestic Supply
• Non-Conventional Production Areas
• No production in SC
Graphic source: National Energy Technology Laboratory

51. Types of Natural Gas PipelinesTypes of Natural Gas Pipelines
• Pipelines
– Gathering Lines- Not used here
– Transmission-3,000 PSI
– Distribution-200-1500 PSI
– Service lines-2-60 PSI

52. Pipeline serving SCPipeline serving SC

53. DistributionDistribution
• Intrastate Supply System

54. StorageStorage
• LNG

55. The Natural Gas MarketplaceThe Natural Gas Marketplace
• Exports?
– Supply on the rise
– Prices on the decline

56. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Pipelines are the only vehicle that transports the
product to South Carolina
– Commercial, industrial and residential sectors are
dependent upon delivery
– Currently, there is no mechanism to inject from the north

57. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Pipelines Infrastructure
– How old is it
– Who monitors it

58. VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
• Gas Transmission line
– Excavation- $855,353 in damage
– Natural Forces-$360,700 in damage
• Gas Distribution Lines
– Excavation-$1.89 Million
– Outside Forces- $620,976
•Fire, Explosion, Electrical

59. InterdependenciesInterdependencies
• Pipeline
• Production
• Storage
• Gas-Fired Generation
• SCADA

60. Contingency PlanningContingency Planning
• Contingency Planning for Energy
– Disruptions will happen
– Two basic strategies
•Extend the life of current supply
•Acquire additional supplies
– Extending buys time for acquisition

61. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Energy Profile
– Outlines who your suppliers are and how to contact them
– Know your annual demand

62. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Energy Profile
– Do you have agreements?

63. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Do you own fuel tanks?

64. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Who provides you bulk fuel?

65. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Vehicle Fuel Usage- Municipal Tanks

66. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Vehicle Fuel Usage- Private Stations

67. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Generator Inventory

68. Energy Assurance WorkbookEnergy Assurance Workbook
• Community Liquid Fuel Plan
– Generator Re-suppliers

69. Conclusion and questionsConclusion and questions
• During this module we discussed:
– Electricity, Petroleum and Natural Gas
– Vulnerabilities
– Interdependencies
– Energy Assurance Workbook
•Community Profile
•Liquid Fuel Plan