Unit 1. Social science (Primary 5)

1. By Rafael Rodríguez Pérez Year 5

3. THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE: THE BIG BANG
The Big Bang Theory says that all the matter in the universe
was once together in one place. Then matter exploded and
billions of particles travelled in all directions. Later, these particles
formed the different celestial bodies.
a.What was the Big Bang?
b.What was there before the Big Bang?
c. Did time exist before the Big Bang?
d.What was not created by the Big
Bang?
Watch this video, read and answer.
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5. 1-2-group technique. Label these celestial bodies.
1
planet – meteorite – comet – asteroid – satellite – star

6. Numbered heads together technique. Look at the picture and
guess.
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The
universe
consists of
All the
celestial
bodies

7. a. Label.
All for one and one for all technique. In groups, do these
short activities cooperatively. You can’t do the next activity if you are not
sure that everyone understands the previous one.
1
… an enormous group of stars and other
celestial bodies. They look like clouds.
… a spherical celestial body. It’s
made of gases.
A star is… A galaxy is…

8. b. Write STAR or GALAXY.
b.1. It produces light. ______
b.2. We can classify them by their colour and size. ______
b.3. One of them is the ‘Via Lactea’ or Milky Way. ______
b.4. The Sun is a ______, and it is in the Milky Way.
b.5. It produces heat. ______
b.6. The Sun is yellow, but they can be yellow, white, red or a combination
of those colours. ______
c. Galaxies have got different shapes. Look and label.
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elliptical spiralirregular

9. d. Look at this picture and say what shape the Milky Way is.
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The Milky Way is a _______________ galaxy.

10. a. Label.
All for one and one for all technique. In groups, do these
short activities cooperatively. You can’t do the next activity if you are not
sure that everyone understands the previous one.
1
A star is… A galaxy is…
… a spherical celestial
body. It’s made of gases.
… an enormous group of stars and other
celestial bodies. They look like clouds.
Did you
know that
Carmona is
called ‘The
Bright Star
of Europe’?

11. Constellations are groups of stars that have particular shapes.
Work in groups. Read, watch and make up an original
constellation in groups.
1

13. Our solar system is a planetary system of the Milky Way Galaxy.
It includes…
• _ _ _ _ _ _
• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Hangman.
2

14. Jigsaw technique. Read this information as a whole group,
make groups of experts for each celestial body and make a 4-minute
exposition with your base group.
2
THE SUN
- The Sun is a huge sphere that
produces light and heat, as all
stars do.
- The Sun is much larger than the
Earth.
- Living things exist thanks to the
light and the heat that the Sun
produces. Thank you, Sun!
PLANETS AND SATELLITES
- Planets are large spherical bodies
that revolve around a star. Planets
don’t produce their own light.
- There are 8 planets in our solar
system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune.
- Natural satellites are smaller celestial
bodies that revolve around planets.
They don’t produce their own light.
- The Moon is the natural satellite of
the Earth.

15. 2
DWARF PLANETS
- Our solar system has got dwarf
planets, like Pluto and Eris.
- They are small.
OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES
- Asteroids are bodies of rock, but they
are smaller than planets. The
majority of them are part of an
‘asteroid belt’ between Mars and
Jupiter.
- Comets are bodies of rock and ice.
They revolve around the Sun in very
long orbits. When comets come near
the Sun, they produce a bright tail of
water and gas.
- Meteorites are small pieces of rock
from asteroids and comets that travel
through space. When meteorites
enter the Earth’s atmosphere, they
burn and produce a bright tail of
light. They are also called shooting
stars.

16. 2

18. The Earth, like all the planets, moves in two different ways:
TPR. Look, read and play ‘Simon Says’.
3

19. - The Earth continually rotates on its axis.
- It takes 24 hours (one day) to make a complete rotation.
- The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
Partners’ cheating. Watch, read and write 2 true sentences
and 1 false sentence. Guess your partner’s false sentence and correct it.
3

20. Numbered heads together. Look and answer. How do you think
that seasons are caused?
3

21. The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement is revolution. It takes 365 days (1
year) for the Earth to orbit the Sun.
The revolution of the Earth and its tilted axis cause the seasons. When it is
summer in the northern hemisphere, it is winter in the southern hemisphere,
and vice versa.
a. Complete the table.
b. If it’s autumn in Carmona, what season is it in Sydney (Australia)?
________________________.
c. Complete this curious fact.
Every second that you sit in this classroom, the Earth’s orbital motion carries
you about ___ kilometres through space.
Individual activities. Read and answer.
3
axis – the Sun – 24 hours – seasons
– day and night – 365 days
ROTATION REVOLUTION
axis 365 days

22. Dictation.
3

23. As the Moon orbits the Earth, we see different parts of it. The
different shapes we see are called the phases of the Moon.
TPR. Read and draw one of the phases of the Moon. Later,
place all the pictures of the same phase together in one part of the
classroom; listen to the phase and touch.
3
New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter

24. Solar eclipses happen because…
Lunar eclipses happen because…
Look and explain how eclipses happen.
3

25. TIDES
Tides in the ocean are caused by the attraction of the Moon to Earth. The
Moon’s gravity attracts water and we can see high tide on the beach.
Another high tide occurs on the other side of the Earth.
As the Earth rotates, high tide occurs at every beach twice (2) a day.
a. What celestial body causes
tides?
b. How often do tides happen
every day?
c. What does the Moon attract?
Read and answer.
3

27. 1-2-group. Match the Earth’s spheres and their contents.
4
geosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
It’s the rocky part of the Earth.
It’s all the gases on Earth.
It’s all the living things on Earth.
It’s all the water on Earth.

28. THE GEOSPHERE
It’s made up of 3 layers:
- The crust: It’s under the oceans and
continents.
- The mantle: It’s under the crust.
Rocks in the mantle are normally
molten because of very high
temperatures. Molten rock is magma.
- The core: It’s under the mantle. It’s
the centre of the Earth. First, the core
is liquid (outer core) and in the centre
it’s solid (inner core). It’s hotter than
the mantle.
Read and play bingo. Use underlined information in each box.
4

29. Make a model of the Earth with plasticine and label its
spheres using toothpicks. Label the layers of the geosphere too.
4
atmosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere

30. Work in pairs. Complete the unit diagram.
Earth’s
spheres:
_______,
_______,
_______ and
_______.
Phases of
the Moon:
_______,
_______,
_______ and
_______.
The
revolution of
the Earth
around the
Sun (__ days)
causes the
_______.
The rotation
of the Earth
on its axis
(____hours)
causes ____
and _____.
8 planets in the
solar system:
_______,
______, ______,
______, ______,
______, ______
and _______.
Our galaxy
is the ______
_______.
Galaxies can
be _______,
_______and
_______.
The
components of
the universe:
_______,
_______, ______,
_______,
_______,
______and
______. THE
EARTH
AND
THE
UNIVERSE
The creation
of the
universe:
_______
_______
_______ .