This PPt is about bio degradation of bio polymers. its a very nice ppt.

1. Degradation
Of Bio Polymers
• Presented By- Rahul Dev

2. What is Biopolymers?
 Introduction
Biopolymers are polymers produced
by living organisms.
They are polymeric biomolecules.

3. DEGRADATION
• Degradation is a process by which
the polymer is fragmented by means of
small molecules.
• In this the large polymer divided into
smaller molecules.When degradation
starts there is shown a change in
colour.

4. Cont…
• Generally polymer degrades by
following process
• Thermal Degradation
• Photo Degradation
• Mechanical Degradation
• Chemical Degradation
• Oxidative Degradation

5. Bio Degradation
• Bio Degradation is a natural process by
which organic chemicals in the
enviornment are converted into simpler
componds.

6. Cont...
• All Bio Polymers are not bio Degradable
• Due to the presence of Hydroxil group
most of the bio polymer are hydrophilic in
nature after absorbing water they degrade
easily.

7. Mechanism Of Bio Dergadation
• The most important organism to
biodegradation are fungi,bacteria and
algae.
• Natural polymers are degraded in
biological systems by the oxidation and
hydrolysis.
• Temp. is one of the most important factors
affecting micro-organism growth.

8. Mechanism Of Bio Dergadation
Fungi active in biogeradation process.
E.g. sporotricum Talaromyces ganoderme
Etc.

9. Types of Bio Degradation
• Aerobic Biodegradation
• Polymers+O2CO2+H2O+biomass+residucess
• If oxygen is present aerobic biodegration
occurred and carbon dioxide is produced.

10. Types of Bio Degradation
• Anaerobic Biodegradation
• PolymerCO2+CH4+H2O+biomass+resi
ducess
• If there is no oxygen an anaerobic
degradation occurs and methane is
produced with CO2

11. Degradation Mechanism Via Hydolysis
• Polyesters, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates and
polyamides are mainly degraded by hydrolysis
into low-molecular-weight oligomers.

12. Examples
• Degradation Of Starch-
• Starch is a polymer which occurs widely in plants. The
principal crops used for its production include potatoes,
corn and rice.

13. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Starch

14. Examples
• Degradation Of Cellulose
• Most of the cellulolytic microorganisms
belong to eubacteria and fungi, even
though some anaerobic protozoa and
slime molds able to degrade cellulose
have also been described. Cellulolytic
microorganisms can establish synergistic
relationships with non-cellulolytic species
in cellulosic wastes.

15. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Cellulose

16. Poly (caprolactone)
• Degradation mechanism is started by the hydrolysis of
the polymer chain 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid an
intermediate of w-oxidation than β-oxidation to acetyl-
CoA (Acetyl coenzyme A), which can then undergo
further degradation in TCA ( tricarboxylic acid) cycle as
illustrated.
• The molecular weight readily decreases during bio
degradation, and is accompanied by a broadening of the
molecular weight distribution.
• The cystallinity of PCL increases with the degradation,
indicating preferential degradation in amorphus regions.

17. PCL Degradation Mechanism

18. Poly (lactic acid)

19. • Non-enzymatic Hydrolysis
• Readily degraded in compost.
• Several enzymes can degrade the
polymer which include proteinase K,
pronase and bromelain.
• Actinomycete, a PLA degrading strain,
reduced 100 mg of PLA film by 60% in the
first 14 days in liquid culture at 303 K.

20. Degradation Of Biopolyesters
• Component monomers are bonded via ester
linkages.
• Many kinds of esters occur in nature and the
esterase enzyme.
• Ester linkages are generally easy to hydrolyze.
• Ester on hydrolysis gives acid and alcohol.
• Biopolyester upon hydrolysis divided into
small fragments.
Hence a number of synthetic polyesters are
biodegradable

21. Advantages Of Biopolymer
• 1-Takes less time to break down .
• 2-Renewable .
• 3-Good for enviromental.
• 4- Easior to recycle .
• 5-Less energy to produce.

22. References
• Biodegradable polymers for industrial
application By Ray Smith.
• Biodegradation of polymers By Premraj
and Mukesh Doble

23. •Thank You