This document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves, including their component (motor, sensory, mixed), function, origin point in the brain, and opening through the skull. It describes that cranial nerves I, II, and VIII are sensory nerves involved in smell, vision, and hearing respectively. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI control eye movement and pupil constriction. The trigeminal nerve (V) is mixed and innervates face sensation and muscles of mastication. The facial nerve (VII) is also mixed and controls face muscles and taste. The vagus nerve (X) is the longest and most complex, controlling heart rate, digestion and more.

1. By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie

3. Cranial Nerve I

4.  Component: Sensory
 Function: Smell
 Origin: Olfactory receptor nerve cells
 Opening to the Skull: Openings in
cribriform plate of ethmoid

6. Cranial Nerve II

7.  Component: Sensory
 Function: Vision
 Origin: Back of the eyeball
 Opening to the Skull: Optic Canal

9. Cranial Nerve III

10.  Component: Motor
 Function:
 Raises upper eyelid
 Turns eyeball upward, downward and
medially
 Constricts pupil
 Accommodates the eye
 Origin: Anterior surface of the midbrain
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

12. Cranial Nerve IV

13.  Component: Motor
 Function: Assisting in turning eyeball
downward and laterally
 Origin: Posterior surface of the midbrain
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

15. Cranial Nerve V

16. V. Trigeminal Nerve

17.  Component: Sensory
 Function:
 Cornea
 Skin of forehead
 Scalp
 Eyelids and nose
 Mucous membranes of paranasal
sinuses and nasal cavity
 Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

18. Infratrochlear

19. V1. Ophthalmic Nerve

20. o Component: Sensory
o Function:
o Skin of the face over maxilla
o Teeth of the upper jaw
o Mucous membrane of the nose, the
maxillary sinus and palate
o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
o Opening to the Skull: Foramen ovale

21. V2. Maxillary Nerve

22. o Component: a. Motor
o Function:
o Muscles of mastication
o Mylohyoid
o Anterior belly of digastric
o Tensor veli palatine
o Tensor tympani
o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
o Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum

23. • Component: b. Sensory
• Function:
• Skin of cheek
• Skin over mandible and side of head
• Teeth of lower jaw and TMJ
• Mucous membrane of mouth and anterior
part of tongue
• Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
• Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum

24. V3. Mandibular Nerve

25. Cranial Nerve VI

26.  Component: Motor
 Function: Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeball
laterally
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure

27. VI. Abducent Nerve

28. Cranial Nerve VII

29.  Component: Mixed
 Function:
Motor
• muscles of the face and scalp
• Stapedius muscle
• Posterior belly of digastric
• Stylohyoid muscles
 Function:
Sensory
• Taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue, from the floor of the
mouth and palate

30.  Function:
Secretomotor
• Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
• Lacrimal gland
• Glands of nose and palate
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: internal acoustic
meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen

31. VII. Facial Nerve

32. Cranial Nerve VIII

33. o Component: Sensory
o Function:
o Vestibular - Saculae, saccule, semicircular
canals – position of head
o Cochlear – Organ of Corti - hearing
o Origin: Medulla oblongata
o Opening to the Skull: Internal acoustic meatus

34. VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve

35. Cranial Nerve IX

36.  Component: Mixed
 Function:
 Function: • Sensory
• Motor • General sensation and
• Stylopharyngeus taste from post. ½ of the
muscle – assists tongue and pharynx
swallowing • Carotis sinus and carotid
body
 Function:
• Secretomotor
• Parotid gland

37.  Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen

38. IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

39. Cranial Nerve X

40.  Component: Motor
 Function:
 Heart and great thoracic blood vessels
 Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
 Alimentary tract from pharynx to splenic
flexure of colon
 Liver, kidney, pancreas
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen

41. X. Vagus Nerve

42. Cranial Nerve XI

43.  Component: Motor
 Function:
 Cranial root
 Muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
 Muscles pharynx (except styopharyngeus)
 Muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)
 Spinal root
 Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
 Origin: medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen

45. Cranial Nerve XII

46.  Component: Motor
 Function: Muscles of tongue (except
palatoglossus controlling its shape
and movement)
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Hypoglossal canal

48. END