1. In Concert:
An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach
by Kathleen T. McWhorter
Part Five:
Reading and Writing from Sources
Chapter 16:
Writing Essays Using Sources
PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English
Mountain Empire Community College
2. Chapter 16: Writing Essays Using Sources
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
3. Ways to Use Sources to Write Essays:
• Locate and read sources of information about
a topic and use them to support ideas in an
essay.
• Examine sources and develop a new idea or
thesis about them for a research paper.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
4. What are strategies for finding
appropriate sources?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
5. Guidelines:
1. Write a first draft of the essay
2. Analyze the draft to add more information
3. Write questions
4. Record information and note your sources
5. Revise your paper
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
6. Synthesis is the process of using information
from two or more sources in order to develop
new ideas about the topic or draw conclusions
about it.
Synthesis involves comparing sources: how they
agree, disagree, differ, and provide support.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
7. There are TWO ways to integrate documented
information into an essay:
1. Summarize or Paraphrase
2. Directly Quote
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
8. MLA stands for
Modern Language Association
MLA format requires:
• In-text citations
• Works Cited page citations
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
9. APA stands for
American Psychological Association
APA format requires:
• In-text citations
• Reference page citations
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
10. Goal 1: Use Sources to Write Essays
Review Questions
Discuss some ways you might use sources to
write essays for this course.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
11. Goal 1: Use Sources to Write Essays
Review Questions
Discuss some ways you might use sources to
write essays for this course.
Discussion: Answers will vary.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
12. Goal 2: Find and Record Appropriate Sources
Review Questions
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for
finding and recording appropriate sources?
A. Choose sources that are trustworthy and
reliable.
B. Look for sources that lead to other sources.
C. Keep an accurate record of sources to avoid
plagiarism.
D. Use sources that are at least 10 years old.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
13. Goal 2: Find and Record Appropriate Sources
Review Questions
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for
finding and recording appropriate sources?
A. Choose sources that are trustworthy and
reliable.
B. Look for sources that lead to other sources.
C. Keep an accurate record of sources to avoid
plagiarism.
D. Use sources that are at least 10 years old.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
14. Goal 3: Use Sources to Support Your
Thesis and Develop Your Essay
Review Questions
True or False:
You should work on drafting a thesis and
developing ideas before starting to locate
sources.
True or False:
Forming questions is an effective strategy for
supporting the thesis.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
15. Goal 3: Use Sources to Support Your
Thesis and Develop Your Essay
Review Questions
True or False:
True: You should work on drafting a thesis
and developing ideas before starting to locate
sources.
True or False:
True: Forming questions is an effective
strategy for supporting the thesis.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
16. Goal 4: Synthesize Sources
Review Questions
True or False:
Synthesis involves using information from a
source to develop new ideas.
True or False:
Synthesis can compare how two or more
sources about the same subject differ.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
17. Goal 4: Synthesize Sources
Review Questions
True or False:
False: Synthesis involves using information
from a source to develop new ideas.
True or False:
True: Synthesis can compare how two or more
sources about the same subject differ.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
18. Goal 5: Document Sources
Review Questions
Fill in the Blanks:
There are ________ ways to integrate documented
sources into an essay.
Those methods are __________________________.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
19. Goal 5: Document Sources
Review Questions
Fill in the Blanks:
There are two ways to integrate documented
sources into an essay.
Those methods are paraphrase/summary and
direct quotes.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
20. Goal 6: Use MLA Style
Review Questions
What does MLA stand for?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
21. Goal 6: Use MLA Style
Review Questions
What does MLA stand for?
Modern Language Association
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
22. Goal 7: Use APA Style
Review Questions
What does APA stand for?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
23. Goal 7: Use APA Style
Review Questions
What does APA stand for?
American Psychological Association
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Notas del editor
Consult a librarian.Use a systematic approach; start with general sources, then move to more specific ones.Use current sources. For many topics, up-to-date information is the most relevant or useful. You do not want to use ideas that are outdated.Use sources that have a different viewpoint.Preview articles by reading abstracts and summaries.Read sources selectively. Skim the material to locate information relevant to your subject.Choose sources that are trustworthy and reliable.Look for sources that lead to other sources.Keep an accurate record of sources to avoid plagiarism.
Work on drafting a thesis and developing ideas about the topic before looking for sources.Analyze the draft to determine where you need support for your points.Read the draft and locate unsupported statements. Highlight the statements, then make a list of the information needed to support them. Form questions that need to be answered.As you find information, make a decision about how to record it. Copy? Annotate? Paraphrase? Summarize?Re-evaluate your thesis based on your research. Do you need to revise it? Add new supporting information, and then re-evaluate the draft. Eliminate statements without support, inaccurate statements, and statements for which you found contradictory evidence.
Synthesizing essentially means to locate and read several sources on a topic, then use them to write an essay. The information from the various sources can be compared within the essay.
In both of these cases, the writer must provide appropriate in-text and reference page citations to avoid plagiarism.
In-text citations are located within the body of the essay after information that has been quoted, paraphrased, or summarized from a source.Examples of how to format in-text citations MLA style can be found on pages 494–495 of the textbook.Works Cited citations are an alphabetical list of citations from all the sources used in the essay. The Works Cited page is the last page of the essay.Examples of how to format Works Cited citations MLA style can be found on pages 496–499 of the textbook.Activity:Create a generic list of sources. Put students in groups and have them create an MLA style Works Cited page. Working on this process together helps them figure out how to piece the citations together. Then, have a representative from each group come up and present one of the citations and teach the class how to format it. This can be done using an Elmo, projector, or simply on the whiteboard.
In-text citations are located within the body of the essay after information that has been quoted, paraphrased, or summarized from a source. APA citations are formatted differently than MLA citations. Examples for formatting in-text citations APA style are located on pages 499–500 of the textbook.A reference list is the same thing as a Works Cited page; however, it is formatted differently and has a different name. It is still an alphabetical list of citations from all the sources used in the essay and located at the end of the essay.Examples for formatting reference citations APA style are located on pages 501–503 of the textbook.Activity:Use the same generic list of sources from the MLA exercise. Put students in groups and have them create an APA-style reference page. Working on this process together helps them figure out how to piece the citations together. The students are also forced to compare and note the differences in the two documentation styles. Have a representative from each group come up and present one of the citations and teach the class how to format it. This can be done using an Elmo, projector, or simply on the whiteboard.
Answers: Discussion—Answers will vary.
Answers: Discussion—Answers will vary.
Answer: D—a source that is ten years old is likely outdated.
Answer: D—a source that is ten years old is likely outdated.
Answers: Both examples are true.
Answers: Both examples are true.
Answers:False—synthesis requires more than one sourceTrue
Answers:False—synthesis requires more than one sourceTrue
