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Image Source: Google Images
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Rupa sharma JB
Contents
What is HEV....?
History
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Image Source: Google Images
Types of Hybridization
Types of HEV
Parts of HVE vehicle
Advantages of HEV
Disadvantage of HEV
Future Scope
What is HEV…?
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Image Source: Google Images
A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel injection in order
to run.
Conventional Battery Electric Hybrid Electric Car
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1830’s
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Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson, others - using
non-rechargeable batteries.
1890’s
•
EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV companies
started as EV companies.
1904’s
•
Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle
1910’s
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Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
•
EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Historical Hybrid car
Types of Hybridization
1. MILD / Micro Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Are not capable of using the electric motor to propel the vehicle
These systems are usually 42 volts or less
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Image Source: Google Images
2. Medium Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Most are not capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the
vehicle
The electric motor usually assists the engine
Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts
Fig: Medium Hybridization
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Image Source: Google Images
3. Full Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle
The electric motor also assists the engine
Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts
Fig: Full Hybridization
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Image Source: Google Images
1. Series hybrid
The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the engine
turns a generator.
Then the generator can either charge the batteries
or power an electric motor that drives the
transmission.
The gasoline engine does not directly power the car.
Fig: Series Hybrid
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Image Source: Google Images
2. Parallel Hybrid
Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the engine like a
regular car.
It also has a set of batteries that run an electric motor.
Both the engine and electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time.
Fig: Parallel Hybrid
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Image Source: Google Images
3. Series-Parallel Hybrid
Series-Parallel type also called Power-split
hybrids.
More beneficial then above hybrid.
Most of the latest vehicle based on this hybrid.
Fig: Series Parallel Hybrid
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Image Source: Google Images
1. Engine
It’s much same as other vehicles engine, but the size
of hybrid electric vehicle engine is small and it’s
more fuel efficient.
There are two types of engine, mostly used in HEV
vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine
Fig: Engine
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Image Source: Google Images
It stores the energy generated from gasoline engine or
during regenerative braking, from the electric motor.
There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt)
Fig: Battery
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Image Source: Google Images
3. Electrical Motor
It’s power the vehicle at low speed and assist the
gasoline engine when additional power is needed.
Most of the electric machines used in hybrid
vehicles are brushless DC motors (BLDC).
Fig: Electrical Motor
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Image Source: Google Images
The controller is used to charge the battery or to supply
the power to electric motor.
a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC power
b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency
(AC)
c. Power is based on low voltage input signal
4-20 mA or 0-5V
Fig: Controller
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Image Source: Google Images
Parts of HEV vehicle
5. Generator
It converts mechanical energy from
engine into electrical energy,
which can be used by electric
motor stored in the battery. It’s also used
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Hybrids are more expensive than nonhybrids.
Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have a much higher
risk of exploding because it has a combination of gasoline
and ethanol.
Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.
Parts can be very expensive to repair. (between $1,00,000
and $3,00,000 for a battery).
Slower than petrol powered cars.
More
Expensive
Low Power
Costly
Maintenanc
e
Fig: Disadvantages
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Future Scope
All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.
Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.
Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.
Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.
Power of car have to increase in future.
Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric vehicles.
