some indian commonly used plants acts as adaptogens

1. ADAPTOGENS OR ANTISTRESS AGENTS
FROM NATURAL ORIGIN
BY
K.VIDYA SAGAR(Y11MPH 11110)
MPHARM 1ST SEMESTER
DERARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
DR.CH.NAGA KAVITHA MADAM Mpharm , PhD
DERARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
KC.REDDY INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
2012

2. ADAPTOGENS/ANTISTRESS AGENTS
 An individual who can adapt easily to any changing
situation (physical, mental, microbial, chemical etc..)
-Stays Healthy[1]
 ADAPTOGEN- coined by LAZAREV a Russian
scientist- only 50 years ago but the Indian physicians
practicing before 5000 years- Rasayanas [1]
 It is sold in markets as modern nutraceuticals with
different labels.[1]
 specific characteristics of adaptogen [2]
i. Balanced endocrine system
ii. Optimal homeostasis
o Rasayanas have been used to promote health longevity
and revitalizing the body

3.  These drugs increase in non-specific resistance.[3]
 Adaptogen means adapting or causing adaptive reaction
& they appear to increase the general defense power of
the organism.[3]
 To be an adaptogen it should be relatively innocuous &
action should be non-specific[3].
 Several herbal drugs have been introduced in recent past
years for decreasing anxiety and stress in many
emotional and physical disorders.[3]
 They also suggested for treatment of depression,
melancholy, gastric ulcers rheumatism.[3]

4. SOME HERBAL ADAPTOGENIC PLANTS[2]
S.no HERBAL PLANT COMMON PARTS USED
NAME
1. Withania somnifera Ashwagandha Root
2 Panax ginseng Ginnsuu Root
3 Caesalpinia bonduc Nickernuts Seed
4 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-buck Berry and leaf
thorn
5 Rhodiola imbricata Rose root Root
6 Bacopa monniera Brahmi Leaf
7 Panax quinquefolia Red berry Root
8 Zingiber offcinale Zingiber Rhizome
9 Asparagus recemosus Shatavari Root
10 Ocimun sanctum Tulsi Leaves

5. S.no Herbal plant Common Part used
name
11 Schisandra chinensis Bail Plant
12 Azdirachta indica Neem Leaves
13 Accanthopanax Touch-me-not Plant
senticosus
14 Curcuma longa Turmeric Rhizome
15 Psidium guajava Guava Leaf
16 Momordica charantia Bitter melon Plant
17 Eugenia caryophyllus Clove Bud
18 Tribulus terristiris Ghkshura Plant
19 Allium sativum Garlic Rhizome
20 Clitoria ternatea Butterfly pea Plant

6. Stressful situations in human[1]
1. Heavy work stress
2. Pollution stress
3. Environmental stress
4. Physical stress
5. Mental stress
6. Microbial stress
7. Chemical stress

7. TYPES OF STRESSORS IN EXPERIMENTAL
ANIMALS[4]
 Noise stress (100db-4hr/day15 days)[5]
 Forced Swimming stress(20min)
 Chronic unpredictable stress
 Immobilization stress(150min)
 Foot shock stress(2ma for 20 min)
 Over night solid cage bedding
 Day-night reversal and fasting
o Cold Restraint stress(40 c for 2 hr)

8. ANTISTRESS GETS WORK
Enhance Anti oxidant enzyme
(SOD, catalase, glutathione, peroxidase)[6]
Free radicals scavenging
Generation of reactive
STRESS oxygen
species(ROS)
FREE RADICALS[4] SUPER OXIDE
and
ANIONS,HYDROXYL RADICALS
hydrogen peroxide
oxidative stress

9. FREE RADICALS[4]
( increased loss of cell fluidity)
cell Ca2+ permeability sympathetic activity
Exocytosis local hypoxic(ischemia)
Depolarization
NT release
(NA,DA,5HT,A)

10. 5-HT HPA axis Hypothalamus
CRH(from Adeno hypophysis)
Pituitary
gland(ACTH)
Adrenal gland
In cortex In medulla
NA, and A
Gluco corticoids(affect metabolism)
, sexhormones,
Mineral corticoids& steroidal hormones[4]

11. SOME INDIAN ADAPTOGENIC PLANTS
FOR ANTISTRESS ACTIVITY[2]
1. Azadirachta indica (Neem)[7]
•Widely used in Ayurveda, has reported to have
adaptogenic properties.
•Studies evaluate its hepatoprotective role.
•Juice from leaves 200mg/kg of body weight
inhibited lipid peroxidation .
2.Eugenia caryophyllus[8]
•Commonly called clove
•Bud is used
•Antistress effect was evaluated on cold restraint
induced gastric ulcer, and sound stress induced
biochemical changes

12. 3.Zingiber officinale[9]
.Ethanolic extract of rhizomes of zingiber
officinale was investigated on anoxia stress
tolerance test in Swiss mice.
Acute stress(swimming endurance test)
Chronic stress (4o c for 2 hour)
Results indicate that ethonolic extract of
Z.officinale have significant adaptogenic
activity .
4 .Allium sativum[10]
• Commonly called Garlic
• Rhizome is used
• It showed anti stress activity by
reducing the monoamine levels
changes in noise induced stress.

13. 5.Asparagus racemosus [11]
1. Roots are used for adaptogenic
activity
2. Commonly called as shatavari.
3. The results showed that methonolic
extract of roots of AR decreases
immobility in forced swim test and
increases avoidance responding in
learned helplessness test indicating
antidepressant activity.

14. 6.Curcuma longa (Turmeric)[12]
1. Rhizome is used.
2. Ischemia-reperfusion induced lipid
peroxidation was significantly inhibited
by CL.
3. The studies say that cardio protective
effect of CL like results from
suppression of oxidative stress and
correlates with the improved ventricular
function .

15. 7.Momordica charantia[13]
1. It is commonly called as bitter melon.
2. All plant parts can be used.
3. Aqueous extract of MC anti stress
activity was evaluated inducing acute
and chronic unpredictable stress in
mice.
4. The studies says that extract of MC
decreased the changes induced by AS
and CUS(chronic unpredictable
stress).
4.The studies say that MC increased the
swimming time in mice significantly

16. REFERENCES
1. Dr.Ilangovan ramaswamy, High quality herbal extracts, agri info tech.
2. Talha Jawaid et al , a review on adaptogenic agents, International Journal of Biomedical research
2[5][2011]285-304.
3. P.Padma et al, Anti stress agents from natural origin, Journal of natural remidies,vol.2/1(2002)21-27.
4. CH.N.Kavitha.,S.manohar babu, M.E.Bhanoji, Influence of Momordica charantia on oxidative stress-
induced perturbations in brain monoamines and plasma corticosterone in albino rats., Indian journal of
pharmacology /Aug2011/vol43/isue-4.
5. Rathinasamy sheela devi,james Samsung, and manohar senthivelan noise stress-induced brain
neurotransmitter changes and the effect of ocimum sanctum(Linn) treatment in albino rats ,Journal of
pharmacological sciences/98/2005/354-360.
6. Guest Editorial ,Antioxidants in health,. Indian journal of pharmacology /2002/46(1):1-5.
7. Yanpallewar.U.S, Sen.S , Tapas.s, Kumar Mohan ,Raju .S.S,and Acharya.B.S, Effect of Azarachta indica
on paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in albino rats, Phytomedicine,Volume 10,Issue 5,2033,pages
391-396.
8. Sing Kumar Anad, Dhamanigi.S.Sunil,asad Mohammed, Anti-stress activity of hydro alcoholic extract of
Eugenia caryophyllus buds(cloves), Indian journal of pharmacology, 2009,volume 41, issue 1 pages28-33
9. Lakshmi.S.V.B and Sudhakar.M, attenuation of acute and chronic restraint stress-induced perturb rations
in experimental animals by zinziber officinale Roscope, Food and chemical toxicology, volume 48, issue
2, February 2010,pages530-535.
10. Ghazanfari tooba, Hassan M.Zuhair, Ebrahimi Marzieh, Immunomodulatory activity of protein isolated
from garlic extract on delayed type hypersensitivity, international immunopharmacology, volume 2, issue
11, October 2002, pages 1541-1549.
11. singh.K.Gireesh, garabadu debepriya, Murunandam.V.A,joshi.K.Vinod and Krishnamurthy
sairam, Antidepressant activity of Asparagus recemosus in rodent models, pharmacology biochemistry
and behavior , volume 91, issue 3, January 2009, pages 283-290.
12. Mohanty Ipseeta, Dharamvir Singh arya, dinda amit, Joshi Sujata, Talwar Kevel and Kumar gupta Suresh
, Protective effects of curcuma longa on ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injuries and their
mechanisms, life sciences, volume 75, Issue 14, 20 august 2004, pages 1701-1711.
13. Meera Sumanth , chowdary G, Anti stress and immunodialatory activity of aqueous extract of Momordica
charantia, pharmacognasy, magazine , year 2009, volume 5,issue 19 pages69-73.

18. THANK YOU