India is an agricultural country hence production of onion per ha is more as compared to other countries. Also, commonly used manual harvesting of onions is time consuming, less efficient and full of complex so the mechanization of the onion harvester is needed. Hence it is necessary to develop the onion harvester that will reduce both time and cost. Onion is removed out by blade which is adjustable at different angles as per requirements. After that onions are passed over soil separation conveyor over which the soil is removed from the onion bulbs. The conveyor is powered by 12.98 Kw PTO power at the speed of 540 rpm with reduction by gearbox and chain drive. Finally the onion is collected manually for further processing.

1. • A Presentation on:-
MODIFIED ONION HARVESTER
SUBMITED BY-
Mr. Thorat Sandip P. Mr. Landge Pramod
Mr. Shinde Ganesh S. Mr. Sanap Ganesh S.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,
Amrutvahini College Of Engineering, Sangamner .
2017-18
GUIDED BY- OBSERVER-
Prof. R.U.KADLAG Prof. D.S.BAJAJ

2.  Introduction
 Need/ Necessity of project
 Literature Review
 Critical Review
 Problem Statement
 Aims and objective
 Methodology
 Concept Design
 Expected cost of project
 Expected outcomes
 References
CONTENT

3.  In India Onion is one of the most important crop, approximately
on 11.6lac ha onion should be planted every year (36000 ha in
Maharashtra).
 One of the main reasons of low productivity is insufficient power
availability on the farm and low level of farm mechanization.
 Area under the onion is about 7% of total area under vegetables
in the country.
 So this machine is manufactured to help farmers.
INTRODUCTION

4.  As per survey by Indian Institute of Vegetable Research if we add the potato and
onion Percentage, it is nearly 40% of total vegetable produced in India.
 Both these two crops grown below the soil. The main problem in cultivation of
these is ‘HARVESTING.’
 It require more man power at the time of harvesting.
 So there is need of the machine which can harvest, the onion as well as potato.
NEED OF PROJECT

5. Sr.No. Author Title Remark
1 Tapan Kumar Khura et al
(June 2011)
“Design and development of tractor drawn onion
(Allium cepa) harvester”
Time consuming, less
efficient and full of complex
operations so the
mechanization of onion
harvesting is essentially
needed
2 Sungha Hong et al
(2014)
“Development of Welsh Onion Harvester for
Tractor”
Large size and more no. of
blades developed so it
damages the crop, Hence, it
requires skilled worker
3 Ashwini Talokar, et al
(January 24, 2014)
“Design Of Onion Harvester” Design the harvester for the
low power capacity tractors
range in the 15 to 20 hp
4 R. O. Akinbamowo et al
(2011)
“Development Of Tractor-mounted Cocoyam
(Xanthosoma. Spp.) Harvester”
having sensors which senses
the size of bulb and
according to size varies the
blade. It having high
efficiency than any other
harvester
5 Massah Jafar et al
(2011)
“Comparison Between Capacitive And Photo
Sensors In Depth Control Of Onion Harvester”
The higher the depth causes
the greater amount of soil
entering to harvesting system
6 Bhavesh kumar P. Patel
et al(August 2012)
“Evaluation of Resistive Force using Principle of
Soil Mechanics for Mini Hydraulic Backhoe
Excavator”
The excavation force is
investigated and it is helpful
in designing of the
components of kinematic
linkages
LITERATURE REVIEW

6. CRITICAL REVIEW
 Not actual model developed by this author ,High speed of blades occur
high loss.[1]
 Large size and more no. of blades developed so it damages the crop,
Hence, it requires skilled worker.[2]
 More no. onions damaged due to long length blades. [3]
 Rake angle changeable low loss of onion but not get clean onion. [4]
 Due to costly sensors the cost should be more & also Skilled worker
required. [5]
 The relations between excavation force and different parameters like
soil density, soil blade friction angle, soil cohesion, internal friction
angle and depth of tool. And also the Fundamental Earthmoving
Equation to find the resistive force. [6]
 New Modification in the future model is angle adjusting
mechanism,Proper one line collection arrangement,Proper speed
reduction,Forward side operation.[7]
 .

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT
7
 Conventional methods having some drawbacks i.e. low removing rate ,
labor requirement & time requirement.
 In available existing model the drawback is that it operates in reverse side,
Speed control problem, No one line collection arrangement.
 No arrangement for changing the digging depth.
 So, to manufacture the Onion Harvesting machine for minimizing these
drawbacks.

8. COMPARISON BETWEEN EXISTING
AND NEW MODEL
Existing Model Modified Model

9. Aim
 To develop the onion harvester that will remove onions from the soil effectively
than the existing machine.
Objective
 Design the onion harvester for low power capacity tractor ranges from 15 to 24
HP @ 540 rpm PTO speed.
 Remove the onions from the soil with lesser damage to the bulb.
 Operate the machine in the forward direction.
 To develop and evaluate a tractor drawn onion harvester.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE

10. Investigation, Prediction and Research
about Project topic
Function & Form
Design Model and components in cad
METHODOLOGY
Assembly in
cad
Experiment
al
validation
Result
conclusion
NO

11. DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS
11
Design parameters which we have to design:
I. Bevel gear design
II. Chain drive design
III. Nipper design
IV. Shaft design
V. Selection of Bearing

12. BEVEL GEAR DESIGN
12
Power transmitted = 12.98Kw
SPEED np = 540 rpm
Teeth on pinion zp= 24
Teeth on gear zg= 72
After calculation,
m= 4.94 mm
The first preference value of the module is 4 mm. however, to account for
higher dynamic load; the module is increased to 5 mm.
Main gear dimensions,
m= 5 mm
Dp= m Zp = 5*24 =120mm
Dg = m Zg = 5*72 = 360mm

13. CHAIN & SPROCKET
13
Pitch (p)=25mm
Input speed=210 rpm
Output speed=130 rpm
Transmission ratio= 1.6
Roller diameter = 8.51 mm
Center Distance (a)= 600 mm
No of links in the chain = 117.0 links. [ISO chain no- simplex chain type
16B-1]

14. NIPPER DESIGN
14
The well-known Fundamental Earthmoving Equation (FEE), described by Reece
as :
Fs = (γgd2Nγ+cdNc+qdNq)w[6]
Total resistive force experienced at a Blade is R = 3920.35 N

15. SHAFT DESIGN
15
DESIGN OF SHAFT :-
Selection of Material 45 C8
(Sut= 600 N/mm2 ; Syt= 380N/mm2) ……[V.B.Bhandari Table no.2.28]
According to ASME code,
τmax= 0.3*Syt = 0.3*380 = 114 N/mm2
τmax= 0.18*Sut = 0.18*600 = 108 N/mm2
Selecting smaller τmax. for designing of shaft.
Diameter of shaft is d=50mm

16. SELECTION OF BEARING
16
Ra=499.5 N
Rb=1381.5 N
Lh=20000 hrs (Continuous 1 shift operation)
L10 life= 1738 million revolutions
CA = 12299.26 N
CB = 34001.71 N
Resultant capacity of bearing (CR) = 36.15KN
Selecting maximum capacity bearing from manufacturer catalogue
…….[Machine design data
book(23.124)page no.910]
Selected bearing 6410 having max 36.5 KN capacity.

17. CONCEPT DESIGN
Gear box
Chain
Sprocket
Nipper
Angle adjustment
Collector plates Conveyor
Wheel

18. EXPECTED COST OF PROJECT
SR NO. PART NAME QUANTIT
Y
COST
1 SHAFT 3 500
2 BEARING MOUNTED PLATE 4 200
3 FRAME 1 2000
4 CONVEYER MECHANISM 1 1000
5 BALL BEARING 10 1000
6 SPROCKET 8 700
7 CHAIN 1 500
8 GEAR AND PINION 1 1600
9 NUT AND BOLT - 300
10 SPLINE SHAFT 1 350
11 WHEELS 2 2000
12 MACHING COST - 2000
13 OTHER COST - 1000
14 TOTAL 12650

19. To remove the onions easily.
Multipurpose harvesting.
Low budget harvesting of onion.
Reduction in bulb damage of onion.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES

20. 1. TAPAN KUMAR KHURA et al “Design And Development Of Tractor-drawn Onion
(Allium Cepa) Harvester”,(june 2011).
2. Sungha Hong et al“Development Of Welsh Onion Harvester For Tractor” J. Of
Biosystems Eng. 39(4)(2014),page No:290-298.
3. Ashwini Talokar, Kanchan Wankhade et al “Design Of Onion Harvester”, (January
24, 2014)
4. R.O.Akinbamowo et al “Development Of A Tractor-mounted Cocoyam
(Xanthosoma.Spp.) Harvester”ajae2(3) ISSN:1836-9448 (2011), Page No:82-89.
5. Massah Jafar et al “Comparison Between Capacitive And Photo Sensors In Depth
Control Of Onion Harvester”, Journal Of Engineering Studies And Research –
Volume 17 No. 4 (2011),page No.64-72.
6. Bhavesh kumar P. Patel et al, “Evaluation of Resistive Force using Principle of Soil
Mechanics for Mini Hydraulic Backhoe Excavator” International Journal of Machine
Learning and Computing, Vol. 2, No. 4(August 2012), Page no.386-391.
7. Onion Harvestor Report (2016-17).
REFERANCES