The document discusses the past perfect tense, including its form, use, and time expressions. The past perfect is used to talk about actions that occurred before something else in the past. It is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb. Some examples of time expressions that are used with the past perfect include "by", "before", "after", and "when", to indicate that one event happened prior to another past event. The document provides examples of sentences using the past perfect to illustrate when the tense should be used.

1. PAST PERFECT
1. FORM
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
* - ED (REGULAR VERBS)
* 3rd
COLUMN (IRREGULAR VERBS)
EXAMPLES:
I had worked in a factory before I went into
teaching.
When my parents arrived, I had already eaten

2. 2. USE
We use the past perfect to talk about past actions
that happened before the past (simple). An
event that led up to another; the reasons or the
background information for later events.
Examples:
She didn't come to the cinema. She had already
seen the film. (Reason, explanation)
She was late. She had forgotten to set her alarm
clock. (Reason, explanation)

3. 3. TIME EXPRESSIONS
BY1960 she had become a rock star.
Hellen had left BY THE TIME the secretary called her
BEFORE we could do anything, she had gone.
AFTER they had met, they noticed they had lots of
similarities.
They hadn't met UNTIL last year /UNTIL they started
working in the same company.
WHEN Paula met Ann, she had already heard about her.

4. Which event happened first?
She didn't go to the gym because she had run
/she had been running all afternoon.
1st
FIRST SHE RAN (PAST PERFECT /PAST
PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
2nd
THEN, SHE DECIDED NOT TO GO TO THE
GYM (PAST SIMPLE)
Past Perfect happened before the Past

5. What happened before?
Both girls knew that their parents had adopted
them as kids.
1st
FIRST THE PARENTS ADOPTED THE KIDS
(PAST PERFECT)
2nd
THEN, THE GIRLS FOUND OUT ABOUT
THEIR PAST (PAST SIMPLE)
NOW, YOU KNOW HOW TO USE THE PAST
PERFECT TENSE!!!

6. What happened before?
Both girls knew that their parents had adopted
them as kids.
1st
FIRST THE PARENTS ADOPTED THE KIDS
(PAST PERFECT)
2nd
THEN, THE GIRLS FOUND OUT ABOUT
THEIR PAST (PAST SIMPLE)
NOW, YOU KNOW HOW TO USE THE PAST
PERFECT TENSE!!!