1.
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Shore based aquaculture and mariculture
Sea farming and shore based aquaculture
"Aquaculture" is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs,
crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the
rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection
from predators, health management, genetic improvement etc. Farming also implies
individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated (FAO definition of
aquaculture).
"Coastal aquaculture" is the farming of aquatic organisms in land-based facilities such
as , ponds, tanks, pens etc. in the coasts using brackish or salt water. It is also known
as ‘shore based aquaculture’.
“Mariculture” or " sea-farming" is the term used for farming of aquatic organisms in the
open sea, away from the shore, mainly in cages (fish and crustaceans) or using rafts or
long-lines (for molluscs and seaweeds).
• The word ‘aquaculture’ - culture of all aquaticplantsandanimalsinthe aquaticenvironment
• “Mariculture”isregardedas aquaculture of aquaticplantsandanimalsinthe sea
• ‘coastal aquaculture’- pondculture inthe coastsusingsaltandbrackish water
PRODUCTION
• Growth rate: 8-9% per annum
• In 2003,
 China- 68.3 %
 India(5.2%),
 Indonesia(2.4%),
 Vietnam(2.2%)
 Japan (2.0%)
 restof the world produced19.9%


2.
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• Freshwater- Carps
• Mariculture and Coastal aquaculture- oysters,clams, shrimps,mussels,scallops,pecten,
miscellaneousmollusksandsalmons
• Freshwaters- 43% of the aquaculture production out of which94% of the productionis from
finfish
• Mariculture in Asia-Pacificregion14.6 milliontonnes(1995) - 26 milliontonnes(2003) (FAO)
Species % contribution to the total aquaculture production
Carps 40.3
Miscellaneous freshwater fishes 10.0
Salmons and trout 4.3
Tilapias and cichlids 4.0
Oysters 10.6
Clams and cockles 9.0
Shrimps and prawns 4.3
Mussels 3.8
Scallops and pecten 2.8
Miscellaneous marine mollusks 2.9
Others 7.7

3.
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Brackish waters -6%
Penaeids- 63.1%
Fish - 34%
(milk fish, nile
tilapia )
1.1.1. Global aquaculture production - total
 Aquaculture is a relatively recent, fastest growing food production system.
 It has grown at an annual rate of 8.3 percent between 1970 and 2008, while the
world population grew at a rate of 1.6 percent during the same year.
 This has resulted in annual per capita supply of food fish from a mere 0.7 kg in
1970 to 7.8 kg in 2008 through aquaculture.
 The global production food fish through aquaculture stood at 52.5 million tonnes
valued at 98.5 billion US dollars in 2008, accounting for 45.7 percent of the total
world fish production by quantity and 51.2 percent by value.
 The total aquaculture production including both plants and animals was 68.3
million tonnes, valued at 106 billion US dollars.
 The output from world aquaculture has increased substantially in the last 6
decades, up form a meager 1 million tonne in 1950 to 52.5 million tonnes in 2008
and is predicted to grow further, although the rate of increase may slow down.
 Since the fish production from capture fisheries has stagnated around 90 million
tonnes since the mid 1980s, aquaculture is expected to supply the ever
increasing demand for fish.
1.1.4. Global aquaculture production - by environment
 Freshwater production contributed to 59.9 percent by quantity and 56.0 % by
value in 2008
 .Seawater ( in the sea and also in the ponds) accounted for 32.3 percent by
quantity and 30.7 percent by value (both plants and animals). Majority of this
production comes from the farming of seaweeds. While, low volumes of high
value finfish, crustaceans and abalones are grown in seawater; low value
oysters, mussels, clams and cockles are grown in large quantity.
 Brackish water aquaculture produced 7.7 percent of the total aquaculture
production by quantity but a high value of 13.3 percent reflecting the dominance
of more valued crustaceans and fin fish produced in this environment.
marine
environment-
51%
Molluscs- 42.9%
plants
(seaweeds)-
45.9%