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Exploring Urbicide Stephen Graham Department of Geography University of Durham, UK
Urbicide as ‘Place Annihilation’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Origins of the Term: The Denial, Killing, or  Murder of the City: (a) 1945 Nuclear Urbicide
(b) Marshall Berman: Planning as Urbicide
(c) 1990s Balkan Wars
Seven Key Points :  (1) Urbicide Often Requires  Purposive Urban/Technoscientific Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Dugway Proving Ground, Utah: Eric Mendelson
Careful targeting of densest, most flammable, cities and parts of cities
[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Now Huge Urban and Technoscientific  Planning Going in to Support Urban Warfare : ‘MOUT’
Unveiling the Orientalised City
(2) Urbicide Often Involves Dialectics  of Construction and Erasure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
(3) Urbicide Can Also Involve ‘Civilian’ Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
e.g. Walter Christaller and Aryanization
Harare and Mugabe, 2005
Urbanism has Often Hidden  Geopolitical  Histories
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
(4) Urbicide Requires a  Casting Out :   Like genocide, it relies on Dehumanization-Demonisation and the Destruction of  Symbolic  Places ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Sometimes Urban Mixing and  Tolerance is the Target of Ethno-Nationalist Movements
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Distancing-Demonisation-Dehumanisation  e.g. Battles of Fallujah, April & November  2004 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5) These Days, Urbicide is Often ‘Asymmetric’  ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
(6) Urbicide Increasingly Involves Everyday  Technics and Forced Disconnection ,[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7) Urbicide is Legitimised Through a  Militarised Popular Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
‘ Joystick war’ : “at the end of the day you walk back into the rest of life in America”
“ Let’s start off by destroying Tokyo ! Studies show that nine out of ten mayors begin their careers with a  frenzy of destruction” Sim City Guide
So, Urbicide  Should  Be Defined as a War Crime… But… Cities are  Resilient! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Further reading…

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Stephen graham exploring urbicide