The european union

INDEX Introduction
1. How the European Union was
created
2. Main Objectives
3. The European Union and its
institutions
4. The EU’s Common Agricultural and
Fisheries Policy
5. The main industrial region within
the UE
6. Services, trade and communication
in the European Union
7. Spain and the European Union
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06/02/16 11:44DavidProfeSoc

Introduction
The European
Economic Community
(EEC) was created in
1957, when the Treaty of
Rome was signed.
It was made up of
Germany, France, Italy,
Belgium, the
Netherlands and
Luxembourg.
4

It main objective was
to remove all trade
restrictions so that
people and goods
could circulate freely.
It also wanted to
coordinate policies on
agriculture, trade and
transport.
5
http://www.abc.es/Media/

The principle of social
and economic cohesion
was incorporated later
on.
The idea was to create
solidarity between the
regions and to ensure the
balanced development of
all its member states.
6

The EEC changed its
name to the European
Union (EU) in 1992 when
the concept of a
monetary union was
agreed upon.
There are currently 28
countries in the EU.
7

1
8
How the European Union
was created

a) Treaty of Rome (1957)
9
The Treaty of Rome established
the basis for policies
supporting the free movement of
goods, services, people and
capital.
Common laws and a free market
were created.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratados_de_Roma
https://dadefinspeaking.files.wordpress.com/

The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony
10
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome

b) Maastricht Treaty (1992)
11
The Treaty of the European Union, or the
Maastricht Treaty, established free movement and
common policies and objectives between EU
member states.
http://www.blog.rielcano.org/

c) Economic Monetary Union (1999)
12
Economic Monetary
Union began in 1999.
Eleven member states
started using the euro
in 2002, with more
adopting it as their
currency since then.

Pros and Cons
Pros:
 The countries of the EU are diverse but they
share the same basic values of peace, democracy,
the legal state and respect for human rights.
Cons:
 However, the EU has weaknesses, especially in
foreign policy, defense and in some social,
economic and cultural aspects.
13

1. 1951: CECA
2. 1957: EURATOM and EEC
3. 1973: Denmark, Ireland and England
4. 1981: Greece
5. 1986: Portugal and Spain
6. 1992: Maastricht Treaty. EU
7. 1995: Austria, Finland and Sweeden.
8. 2002: Euro
9. 2004: Ten more (eastern Europe) countries
10. 2007: Romania and Bulgaria
11. 2013: Croatia
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15
Main Objectives

Main objectives
a) To stimulate economic and
social progress.
b) Reinforce European identity.
c) Create European citizenship.
d) Create an area that enjoys
freedom, security and
justice.
e) Ensure the free movement of
EU citizens between member
states.
16
http://epthinktank.eu/
http://www.cima.ned.org/

Schengen Area
17

Reducing regional differences
The EU is a heterogeneous group of states with
different social and economic levels.
18
The Maastricht Treaty
aims to ensure that
economic
liberalisation creates
greater equality by
reducing regional
differences.

European Funds
Funds were created to correct
these imbalances.
The EU uses these funds to
grant credits, create
infrastructure, develop
common policies, create jobs
and subsidise the fishing and
agricultural sectors.
The expansion of the EU has
led to economic and social
differences between
members.
19

3
20
The European Union and
its institutions

The Election of Representatives
The European Union has supranational
institutions:
a) The European Council
b) The Council of Ministers
c) The European Parliament
d) The European Commission
e) The Court of Justice
f) The Ombudsman
21

a) The European Council
The European Council is made up of the heads of state or
governments of the EU member states.
The Council defines the EU’s general political direction
and priorities.
22
http://www.vlada.cz/

b) The Council of Ministers
The Council of Ministers is where ministers of the
member states meet to adopt laws and coordinate
policies.
23
http://www.magrama.gob.es/

c) The European Parliament
The European
Parliament
represents the
citizens of the EU.
It is elected
democratically by
universal suffrage.
The Parliament has a
legislative function.
24

d) The European Commission
The European Commission has executive
functions: it ensures that agreements and treaties
are enforced and manages the budgets.
25
http://ec.europa.eu/commission/2014-2019_en

e) The Court of Justice
The Court of Justice ensures that EU laws are
respected and obeyed.
26
www.europas.irtea.gr

f) The Ombudsman
The Ombudsman is for
EU citizens who feel
they have been treated
unfairly by any
European institution.
27
http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/

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29
The EU’s Common
Agricultural and Fisheries
Policy

European Union Budget for 2011
30
vicensvivesdigital.com

a) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
The European Union
originally wanted the EU to
be self-sufficient in
agriculture.
To do this the Common
Agricultural Policy (CAP)
was introduced.
However the CAP led to
over-production and a
surplus was created that
has been difficult to reduce.
31

Another of the
CAP’s objectives
is to make
agriculture
sustainable
through the use
of renewable
energies, new
technology and
the rational use
of water,
amongst other
things.
32
Sustainable agriculture
practices
http://www.fao.org/

b) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)
The fishing sector is very
big in many EU member
states.
The Common Fisheries
Policy (CFP) was
introduced to ensure:
 That the environment is
protected
 That overfishing does not
occur in EU waters or around
the world.
33
http://www.theguardian.com/

What is the Common Fisheries Policy?
34

How is the new Common Fisheries Policy?
35

5
36
The main industrial region
within the UE

The European Union is one of the most important
industrial regions in the world.
It employs 25% of the working population and is the main
driving force behind European economic development.
37

Industrial Zones and Sectors in the UE
38

The most industrialised area in
the EU extends from the south-
east of the United Kingdom to
the north of Italy, following the
Rhine valley.
Originally, this was where
traditional industries were
located.
These have gradually been
replaced with high-tech
industries.
39
thegamming.org

Fragmentation and Outsourcing
Industry in Europe is being
affected by fragmentation
(when production processes
occur in different phases
and in different places) and
from outsourcing (when
factories are moved to
countries which offer more
attractive conditions).
40

Europe also suffers
from a lack of natural
resources and
adequate energy
supplies.
These resources have
to be imported, which
increases prices.
41
http://cdn-wac.emirates247.com/
http://www.madrimasd.org/

6
42
Services, trade and
communication in the
European Union

Working Population
Almost 70% of the
working population in
the EU is employed in
the service sector.
Technological
developments have led
to fewer people working
in agriculture and
industry.
43

Jobs
New jobs have also been created in response to the
needs generated by society (childcare, care for the
elderly, information technology, leisure, etc.).
44

Trade
There are many different forms of trade within the
EU and between EU countries and the rest of the
world.
45

The EU has a very
large and
important
transport network:
46

a) The main form of transport is by road. The EU
wants to standardise motorways and highways
among member states.
b) The rail network is being improved by creating new
lines and modernising existing ones.
c) Trade with non-EU countries is mainly by sea, so
port infrastructure is being developed.
d) Air transport is a key factor in maintaining social
and economic cohesion within the EU.
47

7
48
Spain and the European
Union

Negotiations on
Spain’s entry into the
EEC began in 1979.
This took seven years,
during which time the
Spanish economy had
to adapt to the
European economy.
49
http://www.exteriores.gob.es/

Since Spain’s
integration
into Europe
in 1986, the
country has
seen
significant
social and
economic
development
thanks to EU
funds.
50
http://www.pensandoelterritorio.com/

GDP per inhabitant in PPP for each of the
Autonomous Communities
51

The European Union
Projects in Spain financed
by the EU include:
 Road and high-speed rail
networks,
 Education and health
programmes
 The restoration of historical
buildings
 The construction of cultural
complexes.
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The european union

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