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Insulation: Wrapping it up

     By Shelly Shinevar
Pay attention and you may hear the answers to
       these questions during the presentation.

   What is the most dangerous substance
    used for insulation dating back to the
    Ancient Greeks and Romans?

   Insulation reduces average home heating
    and cooling costs by around what
    percent?
Which country banned insulation
          in 1980?
What is insulation?
The term insulation refers to a substance that slows or retards
                 the transfer of heat or sound.

    Building insulation
    Acoustic insulation
    Thermal insulation
    Electrical insulation
    Insulated glass
Cross-section of home insulation.
We will focus on building insulation.

   Building insulation materials are thermal
    insulation used in the construction or retrofit of
    buildings.

   The materials are used to reduce heat transfer
    and are used in varying combinations to achieve
    the desired effect (thermal comfort with reduced
    energy consumption).
Common insulation application inside an apartment.
Thermal insulation in buildings is an important
       factor in achieving thermal comfort for
                    its occupants.
   Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss or gain
    and can decrease the energy demands of
    heating and cooling systems.

   In cold climates, the main aim is to reduce heat
    flow out of the building.

   In hot conditions, insulation can reduce the heat
    from solar radiation.
A Brief History of Insulation
   There is evidence that the Ancient Mayans
    constructed homes with thick walls to insulate
    against the heat.
   The Ancient Egyptians built homes
    characterized by low roofs, small windows and
    thick brick walls so heat couldn’t easily enter.
   The Ancient Greeks used cavity walls to insulate
    their homes.
   The Ancient Romans also used cavity walls and
    insulated heated water pipes with cork.
Cavity walls
Ancient Mayan buildings
An example of an ancient Egyptian villa.
Drawing of an Ancient Greek home.
Ancient Roman buildings
History continued…
   Vikings and other northern Europeans insulated
    their homes with mud chinking. When mixed
    with horse or cattle dung and straw, the mud
    was called daub and was better than plain mud.
   In the Middle Ages, large ornately embroidered
    or woven tapestries were hung on interior walls
    to block drafts and soak up dampness.
   During the Great Depression, residents of the
    “Dust Bowl” used strips of cloth coated in flour-
    based glue or paste. City dwellers would stuff
    newspapers in cracks to keep out the winter
    chill.
Viking home
Medieval castle tapestry
History continued…
   Asbestos was the main source of industrial and
    residential insulation throughout the 19th and
    mid-20th centuries.
   In the 40’s & 50’s, mineral wool or rock wool
    started to become popular for insulation.
   In the mid-70’s, the harmful health effects of
    asbestos let to a swift decline in its use.
   With the decline of asbestos, other forms of
    insulation were found.
Building insulation materials are
  thermal insulation used in the
  construction or retrofit of buildings.


The materials reduce heat transfer by
conduction, radiation or convection.

They are used in various combinations to
achieve thermal comfort with reduced
energy consumption.
Other types of insulation:
  Fiberglass – Considered to be the “traditional” choice in
   home insulation (glass wool/batts & blankets). Batts
   are precut. Blankets are available in continues rolls.
  Rock wool/slag wool/mineral wool/stone wool – Made
   from rock, iron ore, minerals or recycled glass.
  Styrofoam sheets
  PVC wraps (Polyvinyl Chloride)
  Spray polyurethane foam (SPF)
  Insulating concrete forms, rigid panels & structural
   insulated panels (SIPs)
  Paper cellulose (loose-fill)
  Recycled cotton denim
  Sheep wool
  Straw bales
  Wood fiber
Rock Wool and Slag wool
Natur al Fiber
Insulation includes:
    Cork (including recycled wine bottle corks)
    Cotton
    Recycled tissue/clothes
    Hemp & flax
    Lightweight wood fiber
    Cellulose
    Seaweed
    Nut shells
    Corn cobs
    Straw
Insulation may be categorized by:


  Composition (material)
  Form (structural or non-structural)
  Functional mode (conductive, radiative,
   convective)
  Non-structural forms include batts,
   blankets, loose-fill, spray foam & panels.
  Structural forms include insulating
   concrete forms, structured panels &
   straw bales.
Factors affecting which
insulation to use:
    Climate
    Ease of installation
    Durability
    Ease of replacement
    Cost effectiveness
    Toxicity
    Flammability
    Environmental impact and sustainability
Insulation no longer used:
   Urea-formaldehyde foam (UFFI) & panels –
    releases formaldehyde gas.
   Asbestos – Can cause cancer in friable form,
    when fibers are released in the air.
   Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) – Often uses
    hazardous chemicals with high toxicity.
   Fiberglass – Potential cancer risk.
   Loose-fill cellulose – Low-level toxicity and mold
    potential.
What is a building envelope?
 The building envelope is the physical
  separator between the interior and the
  exterior environments of a building.
 The physical components of the envelope
  include the foundation, roof, walls, doors &
  windows.
 The thermal envelope (or heat flow control
  layer) is usually different than the building
  envelope.
For windows, Insulated
Glass Units (IGUs) ar e most
often used:

  Insulated glazing (IG) also known as double glazing
   are double or triple glass window panes separated by
   an air or other gas-filled space to reduce heat transfer
   across a part of the building envelope.
  Laminated or tempered glass may also be used.
  The maximum insulating efficiency of a standard IGU is
   determined by the thickness of the space containing
   the gas or vacuum.
  Gases used include oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton
   or xenon.
  The double-glazed window was invented in the 1930s
   and was commonly available in the U.S. in the 1950s.
A sectioned diagram of a fixed Insulated Glazed Unit (IGU):
Surface #1 is facing outside, Surface #2 is the inside surface of the
exterior pane, Surface #3 is the outside surface of the interior pane,
and Surface #4 is the inside surface of interior pane. The window
frame is labeled #5, a spacer is indicated as #6, seals are shown in red
(#7), the internal reveal is on the right hand side (#8) and the exterior
windowsill on the left (#9).
Contractors are installing new energy efficient windows in
the Calhoun County Building as part of the EECBG project.
Calhoun County received $351,450 for this Multi-Purpose
project.
What is Building Envelope
            Thermography?

   It involves using an infrared camera to view
    temperature anomalies on the interior and
    exterior surfaces of the structure.
   In passive thermography, the features of interest
    are naturally at a higher or lower temperature
    than the background.
   In active thermography, an energy source is
    required to produce a thermal contrast between
    the feature of interest and the background.
Thermogram of a traditional building in the
 background and a “passive house" in the
              foreground.
What is building science?
   Building science is the collection of scientific
    knowledge that focuses on the analysis and
    control of the physical phenomena affecting
    buildings.
   It traditionally includes the detailed analysis of
    building materials and building envelope
    systems.
   This concerns energy consumption,
    environmental control-ability, sustainability,
    maintenance and occupant comfort & health.
The U.S. Dept. of Energy has a Building Technologies Program (BTP)
 to develop technologies, techniques, and tools for making buildings
          more energy efficient, productive and affordable.
Facts about Energy Efficiency
             and Insulation
   Insulation reduces average home heating &
    cooling costs by around 20%.
   Insulation currently in place in U.S. buildings
    reduces the amount of carbon dioxide by 780
    million tons each year.
   For every pound of carbon dioxide emitted in the
    production of insulation, 330 lbs are avoided by
    the use of insulation.
   Insulation saves over 600 times more energy
    each year than all of the CFLs, Energy Star
    appliances, and Energy Star windows combined.
What is the most dangerous substance used for
   insulation dating back to the Ancient Greeks and
                       Romans?

                      Asbestos

The Greeks named asbestos. They also had a
common name for it – crysotile (means gold
cloth). Both the Greeks & Romans used it for
napkins, tablecloths and dressed their slaves in it.
The Greeks first noticed it caused a “lung
sickness” in their slaves.
Insulation reduces average home heating and cooling
            costs by around what percent?

                        20%

For residential and commercial buildings,
energy efficiency through insulation is the
simplest and most cost-effective way to
reduce energy use and greenhouse gas
emissions.
Which country banned insulation in
                 1980?




                   Canada
About 100,000 people had insulation in their homes.
The End

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Insulation: Wrapping It Up

  • 1. Insulation: Wrapping it up By Shelly Shinevar
  • 2. Pay attention and you may hear the answers to these questions during the presentation.  What is the most dangerous substance used for insulation dating back to the Ancient Greeks and Romans?  Insulation reduces average home heating and cooling costs by around what percent?
  • 3. Which country banned insulation in 1980?
  • 4. What is insulation? The term insulation refers to a substance that slows or retards the transfer of heat or sound.  Building insulation  Acoustic insulation  Thermal insulation  Electrical insulation  Insulated glass
  • 5. Cross-section of home insulation.
  • 6. We will focus on building insulation.  Building insulation materials are thermal insulation used in the construction or retrofit of buildings.  The materials are used to reduce heat transfer and are used in varying combinations to achieve the desired effect (thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption).
  • 7. Common insulation application inside an apartment.
  • 8. Thermal insulation in buildings is an important factor in achieving thermal comfort for its occupants.  Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss or gain and can decrease the energy demands of heating and cooling systems.  In cold climates, the main aim is to reduce heat flow out of the building.  In hot conditions, insulation can reduce the heat from solar radiation.
  • 9. A Brief History of Insulation  There is evidence that the Ancient Mayans constructed homes with thick walls to insulate against the heat.  The Ancient Egyptians built homes characterized by low roofs, small windows and thick brick walls so heat couldn’t easily enter.  The Ancient Greeks used cavity walls to insulate their homes.  The Ancient Romans also used cavity walls and insulated heated water pipes with cork.
  • 12. An example of an ancient Egyptian villa.
  • 13. Drawing of an Ancient Greek home.
  • 15. History continued…  Vikings and other northern Europeans insulated their homes with mud chinking. When mixed with horse or cattle dung and straw, the mud was called daub and was better than plain mud.  In the Middle Ages, large ornately embroidered or woven tapestries were hung on interior walls to block drafts and soak up dampness.  During the Great Depression, residents of the “Dust Bowl” used strips of cloth coated in flour- based glue or paste. City dwellers would stuff newspapers in cracks to keep out the winter chill.
  • 18. History continued…  Asbestos was the main source of industrial and residential insulation throughout the 19th and mid-20th centuries.  In the 40’s & 50’s, mineral wool or rock wool started to become popular for insulation.  In the mid-70’s, the harmful health effects of asbestos let to a swift decline in its use.  With the decline of asbestos, other forms of insulation were found.
  • 19. Building insulation materials are thermal insulation used in the construction or retrofit of buildings. The materials reduce heat transfer by conduction, radiation or convection. They are used in various combinations to achieve thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption.
  • 20. Other types of insulation:  Fiberglass – Considered to be the “traditional” choice in home insulation (glass wool/batts & blankets). Batts are precut. Blankets are available in continues rolls.  Rock wool/slag wool/mineral wool/stone wool – Made from rock, iron ore, minerals or recycled glass.  Styrofoam sheets  PVC wraps (Polyvinyl Chloride)  Spray polyurethane foam (SPF)  Insulating concrete forms, rigid panels & structural insulated panels (SIPs)  Paper cellulose (loose-fill)  Recycled cotton denim  Sheep wool  Straw bales  Wood fiber
  • 21. Rock Wool and Slag wool
  • 22. Natur al Fiber Insulation includes:  Cork (including recycled wine bottle corks)  Cotton  Recycled tissue/clothes  Hemp & flax  Lightweight wood fiber  Cellulose  Seaweed  Nut shells  Corn cobs  Straw
  • 23. Insulation may be categorized by:  Composition (material)  Form (structural or non-structural)  Functional mode (conductive, radiative, convective)  Non-structural forms include batts, blankets, loose-fill, spray foam & panels.  Structural forms include insulating concrete forms, structured panels & straw bales.
  • 24. Factors affecting which insulation to use:  Climate  Ease of installation  Durability  Ease of replacement  Cost effectiveness  Toxicity  Flammability  Environmental impact and sustainability
  • 25. Insulation no longer used:  Urea-formaldehyde foam (UFFI) & panels – releases formaldehyde gas.  Asbestos – Can cause cancer in friable form, when fibers are released in the air.  Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) – Often uses hazardous chemicals with high toxicity.  Fiberglass – Potential cancer risk.  Loose-fill cellulose – Low-level toxicity and mold potential.
  • 26. What is a building envelope?  The building envelope is the physical separator between the interior and the exterior environments of a building.  The physical components of the envelope include the foundation, roof, walls, doors & windows.  The thermal envelope (or heat flow control layer) is usually different than the building envelope.
  • 27. For windows, Insulated Glass Units (IGUs) ar e most often used:  Insulated glazing (IG) also known as double glazing are double or triple glass window panes separated by an air or other gas-filled space to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building envelope.  Laminated or tempered glass may also be used.  The maximum insulating efficiency of a standard IGU is determined by the thickness of the space containing the gas or vacuum.  Gases used include oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton or xenon.  The double-glazed window was invented in the 1930s and was commonly available in the U.S. in the 1950s.
  • 28. A sectioned diagram of a fixed Insulated Glazed Unit (IGU): Surface #1 is facing outside, Surface #2 is the inside surface of the exterior pane, Surface #3 is the outside surface of the interior pane, and Surface #4 is the inside surface of interior pane. The window frame is labeled #5, a spacer is indicated as #6, seals are shown in red (#7), the internal reveal is on the right hand side (#8) and the exterior windowsill on the left (#9).
  • 29. Contractors are installing new energy efficient windows in the Calhoun County Building as part of the EECBG project. Calhoun County received $351,450 for this Multi-Purpose project.
  • 30. What is Building Envelope Thermography?  It involves using an infrared camera to view temperature anomalies on the interior and exterior surfaces of the structure.  In passive thermography, the features of interest are naturally at a higher or lower temperature than the background.  In active thermography, an energy source is required to produce a thermal contrast between the feature of interest and the background.
  • 31. Thermogram of a traditional building in the background and a “passive house" in the foreground.
  • 32. What is building science?  Building science is the collection of scientific knowledge that focuses on the analysis and control of the physical phenomena affecting buildings.  It traditionally includes the detailed analysis of building materials and building envelope systems.  This concerns energy consumption, environmental control-ability, sustainability, maintenance and occupant comfort & health.
  • 33. The U.S. Dept. of Energy has a Building Technologies Program (BTP) to develop technologies, techniques, and tools for making buildings more energy efficient, productive and affordable.
  • 34. Facts about Energy Efficiency and Insulation  Insulation reduces average home heating & cooling costs by around 20%.  Insulation currently in place in U.S. buildings reduces the amount of carbon dioxide by 780 million tons each year.  For every pound of carbon dioxide emitted in the production of insulation, 330 lbs are avoided by the use of insulation.  Insulation saves over 600 times more energy each year than all of the CFLs, Energy Star appliances, and Energy Star windows combined.
  • 35. What is the most dangerous substance used for insulation dating back to the Ancient Greeks and Romans? Asbestos The Greeks named asbestos. They also had a common name for it – crysotile (means gold cloth). Both the Greeks & Romans used it for napkins, tablecloths and dressed their slaves in it. The Greeks first noticed it caused a “lung sickness” in their slaves.
  • 36. Insulation reduces average home heating and cooling costs by around what percent? 20% For residential and commercial buildings, energy efficiency through insulation is the simplest and most cost-effective way to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
  • 37. Which country banned insulation in 1980? Canada About 100,000 people had insulation in their homes.

Notas del editor

  1. Read slide.
  2. Here is some trivia to think about.
  3. And one more trivia question. The answers will be near the end of the presentation.