Annexioilpollutionprevention 111210135923-phpapp02

PREVENTINGPREVENTING
POLLUTION FROM SHIPSPOLLUTION FROM SHIPS
September 2009September 2009

V.Ship’s Mission StatementV.Ship’s Mission Statement
V.Ships aims to be recognised as the first choiceV.Ships aims to be recognised as the first choice
global supplier of the highest quality services toglobal supplier of the highest quality services to
the shipping industry withthe shipping industry with absolute regard toabsolute regard to
safety and the marine environmentsafety and the marine environment
For V.Ships Environmental Policy full tFor V.Ships Environmental Policy full teext clickxt click here

V.Ship’s Environmental PolicyV.Ship’s Environmental Policy
V.Ships recognises environmental protection andV.Ships recognises environmental protection and
management as one of its highest priorities and as a result,management as one of its highest priorities and as a result,
every effort is to be made to conserve and protect theevery effort is to be made to conserve and protect the
marine environment from all forms of pollution.marine environment from all forms of pollution.
V.Ships aim is to eliminate the possibility of pollution at sourceV.Ships aim is to eliminate the possibility of pollution at source
by ensuring that high standards of safety andby ensuring that high standards of safety and environmentalenvironmental
awareness are maintained and that all relevant legislationawareness are maintained and that all relevant legislation
and conventions are followedand conventions are followed..
V.Ships is also committed to theV.Ships is also committed to the continuous improvementcontinuous improvement ofof
methods used to carry out this aim.methods used to carry out this aim.

DIRECTDIRECT SEA POLLUTIONSEA POLLUTION
CAUSESCAUSES
•• Almost all pollution incidents are avoidableAlmost all pollution incidents are avoidable
•• Most discharges are via operational incidentsMost discharges are via operational incidents
FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES CAUSES:FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES CAUSES:
•• heavy fines and/or imprisonment for those involvedheavy fines and/or imprisonment for those involved
•• significant costs for Owners in case of all pollution actssignificant costs for Owners in case of all pollution acts
•• damage to V.Ships reputationdamage to V.Ships reputation

SHIPBOARD SEA POLLUTIONSHIPBOARD SEA POLLUTION
SOURCESSOURCES

OIL POLLUTION PREVENTIONOIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
((Marpol 73/78 Annex I)Marpol 73/78 Annex I)
Main Shipboard Oil Pollution Sources:Main Shipboard Oil Pollution Sources:
•• engine room bilgesengine room bilges
and fuel tanks ballastand fuel tanks ballast
•• bunker operationsbunker operations
•• tankers cargo operationstankers cargo operations
•• tank washing and ballastingtank washing and ballasting
operations on tankersoperations on tankers
•• other operationsother operations
•• tankers accidentstankers accidents
accidental oil spills contribute to less than 5 - 10% of all oil pollution.accidental oil spills contribute to less than 5 - 10% of all oil pollution.

The history of main tanker accidents:The history of main tanker accidents:
1967 March 18, Cornwall,1967 March 18, Cornwall, Eng.:Eng.:
Torrey CanyonTorrey Canyon ran aground, spillingran aground, spilling
her entire cargo of 120,000 tons of crudeher entire cargo of 120,000 tons of crude
oil off the Scilly Islands while enteringoil off the Scilly Islands while entering
the English Channel.the English Channel.
This resulted in the biggestThis resulted in the biggest
oil pollution incident ever recorded up tooil pollution incident ever recorded up to
that time and was a result of poorthat time and was a result of poor
navigational practices.navigational practices.

 1978 March 16, off Portsall, France1978 March 16, off Portsall, France: wrecked supertanker: wrecked supertanker
Amoco CadizAmoco Cadiz spilled 68 million gallons, causing widespreadspilled 68 million gallons, causing widespread
environmental damage over 100 mi of Brittany coastenvironmental damage over 100 mi of Brittany coast
 1979 July 19, Tobago1979 July 19, Tobago: the: the Atlantic EmpressAtlantic Empress and theand the AegeanAegean
CaptainCaptain collided, spilling 46 million gallons of crude. While beingcollided, spilling 46 million gallons of crude. While being
towed, the Atlantic Empress spilled an additional 41 milliontowed, the Atlantic Empress spilled an additional 41 million
gallons off Barbados on Aug. 2.gallons off Barbados on Aug. 2.
 1983 Aug. 6, Cape Town, South Africa1983 Aug. 6, Cape Town, South Africa: the Spanish tanker: the Spanish tanker
Castillo de BellverCastillo de Bellver caught fire, spilling 78 million gallons of oil offcaught fire, spilling 78 million gallons of oil off
the coastthe coast

In 1989 March 24, Prince William Sound, AlaskaIn 1989 March 24, Prince William Sound, Alaska::
tankertanker Exxon ValdezExxon Valdez hit an undersea reef and spilled 10 millionhit an undersea reef and spilled 10 million
gallons of oil into the water, causing the worst oil spill in U.S. historygallons of oil into the water, causing the worst oil spill in U.S. history
and probably the one which gained the biggest media coverage toand probably the one which gained the biggest media coverage to
date. The U.S. public demanded action - and duly got it.date. The U.S. public demanded action - and duly got it.
The United States introduced itsThe United States introduced its Oil Pollution ActOil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90),of 1990 (OPA 90),
making it mandatory for all tankers calling at U.S. ports to havemaking it mandatory for all tankers calling at U.S. ports to have
double hulls.double hulls.

 1991April 11, Genoa, Italy1991April 11, Genoa, Italy:: HavenHaven spilled 42 million gallons of oil inspilled 42 million gallons of oil in
Genoa port.Genoa port.
 May 28, AngolaMay 28, Angola:: ABT SummerABT Summer exploded and leaked 15–78 millionexploded and leaked 15–78 million
gallons of oil off the coast of Angola. It's not clear how much sankgallons of oil off the coast of Angola. It's not clear how much sank
or burned.or burned.
 1993 Aug. 10, Tampa Bay, Fla1993 Aug. 10, Tampa Bay, Fla.: three ships collided, the barge.: three ships collided, the barge
Bouchard B155Bouchard B155, the freighter, the freighter Balsa 37Balsa 37, and the barge, and the barge Ocean 255Ocean 255..
The Bouchard spilled an estimated 336,000 gallons of No. 6 fuel oilThe Bouchard spilled an estimated 336,000 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil
into Tampa Bay.into Tampa Bay.
 1996 Feb. 15, off Welsh1996 Feb. 15, off Welsh coast: supertankercoast: supertanker Sea EmpressSea Empress ranran
aground at port of Milford Haven, Wales, spewed out 70,000 tons ofaground at port of Milford Haven, Wales, spewed out 70,000 tons of
crude oil, and created a 25-mile slick.crude oil, and created a 25-mile slick.
 1999 Dec. 12, French Atlantic coast1999 Dec. 12, French Atlantic coast: Maltese-registered tanker: Maltese-registered tanker
ErikaErika broke apart and sank off Brittany, spilling 3 million gallons ofbroke apart and sank off Brittany, spilling 3 million gallons of
heavy oil into the sea.heavy oil into the sea.

 2000 Nov. 28, Mississippi River2000 Nov. 28, Mississippi River south of New Orleans: oil tankersouth of New Orleans: oil tanker
WestchesterWestchester lost power and ran aground near Port Sulphur, La., dumpinglost power and ran aground near Port Sulphur, La., dumping
567,000 gallons of crude oil into lower Mississippi. The spill was the567,000 gallons of crude oil into lower Mississippi. The spill was the
largestlargest
in U.S. waters since Exxon Valdez disaster in March 1989.in U.S. waters since Exxon Valdez disaster in March 1989.
2002 Nov. 13, Spain2002 Nov. 13, Spain:: PrestigePrestige sufferedsuffered
a damaged hull and was towed to seaa damaged hull and was towed to sea
and sank. The oil tanker “Prestige” sankand sank. The oil tanker “Prestige” sank
off Spain's NW coast, taking more thanoff Spain's NW coast, taking more than
70,000 tonnes of fuel into the Atlantic70,000 tonnes of fuel into the Atlantic
with it.with it.

““Special Areas” * according to Marpol:Special Areas” * according to Marpol:
Mediterranean, Baltic, Black Sea,Mediterranean, Baltic, Black Sea, Red SeaRed Sea, Gulfs area,, Gulfs area,
Gulf of AdenGulf of Aden,,Oman Area of the Arabian SeaOman Area of the Arabian Sea, **, **
NW European waters, Southern South Africa watersNW European waters, Southern South Africa waters
Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures into theAny discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures into the
Antarctic Area (south of latitudeAntarctic Area (south of latitude 60°S60°S)) is prohibited.is prohibited.
* In Annexes I, II, V - MARPOL defines certain sea areas as "* In Annexes I, II, V - MARPOL defines certain sea areas as "special areasspecial areas" in which," in which,
for technical reasons relating to their oceanographic and ecological condition and tofor technical reasons relating to their oceanographic and ecological condition and to
their sea traffic a higher level of protection than other areas of the sea is required.their sea traffic a higher level of protection than other areas of the sea is required.
* * The Special Area requirementsThe Special Area requirements for these areas have not taken effect because of lackfor these areas have not taken effect because of lack
of notifications from MARPOL Parties whose coastlines border the relevant specialof notifications from MARPOL Parties whose coastlines border the relevant special
areas on the existence of adequate reception facilitiesareas on the existence of adequate reception facilities

1.Control of discharge of oil or oily mixtures from ships1.Control of discharge of oil or oily mixtures from ships
machinery space and from fuel tanksmachinery space and from fuel tanks
1.1.Outside “Special Area”1.1.Outside “Special Area” Discharge may take place ifDischarge may take place if ::
• “• “en route” (discharge spread over great area)en route” (discharge spread over great area)
•• processed through an oil filtering equipment (15 ppm)processed through an oil filtering equipment (15 ppm)
•• the oil content without dilution <15 ppm (parts per million)the oil content without dilution <15 ppm (parts per million)
1.2. In a “Special Area” :1.2. In a “Special Area” :
• oil filtering equipment (15 ppm) should have alarm (oil content meter) andoil filtering equipment (15 ppm) should have alarm (oil content meter) and
automatic stopping device (3-way valve)automatic stopping device (3-way valve)
Oil residues which cannot be discharged into the sea in compliance with theOil residues which cannot be discharged into the sea in compliance with the
previous provisions shall be retained onboard for subsequent discharge toprevious provisions shall be retained onboard for subsequent discharge to
reception facilitiesreception facilities

1.3. For ships1.3. For ships ≥ 4,000 GT and oil tankers4,000 GT and oil tankers ≥ 150 GT (delivered after 31150 GT (delivered after 31
December 1979)December 1979) no ballast waterno ballast water shall be carried in any oil fuel tankshall be carried in any oil fuel tank
Carrying large quantities of oil fuel and consequently ballastCarrying large quantities of oil fuel and consequently ballast
water, requires discharge to reception facilities orwater, requires discharge to reception facilities or into the sea followinginto the sea following
procedures specified in 1.2.procedures specified in 1.2.
1.4. In a ship1.4. In a ship ≥ 400 GT400 GT constructed after 1 July 1982,constructed after 1 July 1982,
oil shall not be carried in a forepeak tank or a tank forward of theoil shall not be carried in a forepeak tank or a tank forward of the
collision bulkhead.collision bulkhead.

2. Construction requirements for2. Construction requirements for
all ships machinery space:all ships machinery space:
•• sludge tanks of adequate capacitysludge tanks of adequate capacity with regard to the type ofwith regard to the type of
machinery and length of voyagemachinery and length of voyage
•• standardstandard discharge connectiondischarge connection fitted to the ship’s dischargefitted to the ship’s discharge
pipeline for residues from bilges and sludge tanks to enablepipeline for residues from bilges and sludge tanks to enable
connection to reception facilitiesconnection to reception facilities
•• oil fuel tanks protection against collision/groundingoil fuel tanks protection against collision/grounding (i.e. double(i.e. double
hull) for ships with an aggregate oil fuel capacity of 600 mhull) for ships with an aggregate oil fuel capacity of 600 m³³,,
delivered on or after 1 August 2010. A max. capacity limit of mdelivered on or after 1 August 2010. A max. capacity limit of m³³
per oil fuel tank is 2,500per oil fuel tank is 2,500³³

3. Requirements for equipment of3. Requirements for equipment of
all ships machinery spaceall ships machinery space
•• All ships ≥400 GT must be fitted with oil filtering equipmentAll ships ≥400 GT must be fitted with oil filtering equipment
(Oily Water Separator) producing an effluent with oil content <15ppm(Oily Water Separator) producing an effluent with oil content <15ppm
•• Ships ≥ 10000 GT shall be fitted with oil filtering equipmentShips ≥ 10000 GT shall be fitted with oil filtering equipment
(15ppm) with alarm and automatic stopping device(15ppm) with alarm and automatic stopping device
•• Oily Water Separators (OWS) and Oil Content Meters (OCM)Oily Water Separators (OWS) and Oil Content Meters (OCM)
(bilge alarms) shall be approved as per IMO resolutions:(bilge alarms) shall be approved as per IMO resolutions:
A.393(X), MEPC.60 (33) orA.393(X), MEPC.60 (33) or since 01.012005 MEPC.107(49)since 01.012005 MEPC.107(49)
which states that:which states that:
- OWS to be tested also with a stable emulsion- OWS to be tested also with a stable emulsion
- OCM to include a recording function for date, time, alarm- OCM to include a recording function for date, time, alarm
and operating status. All records to be stored for 18 monthsand operating status. All records to be stored for 18 months

4. Control of discharge of oil or oily mixtures4. Control of discharge of oil or oily mixtures
from oil tankers cargo areafrom oil tankers cargo area
4.1.4.1. Outside “Special Area” discharge may take place if:Outside “Special Area” discharge may take place if:
•• the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil contentthe instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content
does note exceed 30 litres per nautical miledoes note exceed 30 litres per nautical mile
•• proceeding on voyageproceeding on voyage
•• more than 50 miles from landmore than 50 miles from land
•• discharge monitoring and control system is used to discharge residuedischarge monitoring and control system is used to discharge residue
•• the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceedthe total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed
1/15,000 or 1/30,0001/15,000 or 1/30,000** of the total quantity of the particular cargo ofof the total quantity of the particular cargo of
which the residue formed a partwhich the residue formed a part (( ** for tankers delivered after 31 December 1979 )
•• the tanker is equipped with Oil Discharge Monitoring and Controlthe tanker is equipped with Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control
System and a Slop Tank arrangementSystem and a Slop Tank arrangement
4.2.4.2. In “Special Area" only discharge of clean or segregatedIn “Special Area" only discharge of clean or segregated
ballast is allowed (oil content in discharge<15 ppm)ballast is allowed (oil content in discharge<15 ppm)

5.Construction requirements for oil tankers cargo area5.Construction requirements for oil tankers cargo area
5.1. Every crude oil tanker of 20,000 dwt and above and5.1. Every crude oil tanker of 20,000 dwt and above and
every product carrier of 30,000 dwt and above deliveredevery product carrier of 30,000 dwt and above delivered
after 1 June 1982, shall be provided with segregated ballast tanksafter 1 June 1982, shall be provided with segregated ballast tanks
(SBT)(SBT)
5.2. In no case shall ballast water be carried in cargo tanks, except5.2. In no case shall ballast water be carried in cargo tanks, except
- weather conditions so severe that it is necessary to carry additional- weather conditions so severe that it is necessary to carry additional
ballast water for the safety of the shipballast water for the safety of the ship
- in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation- in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation
of an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry ballast waterof an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry ballast water
In case of crude oil tanker ,such cargo tanks have been crude oil washedIn case of crude oil tanker ,such cargo tanks have been crude oil washed (COW)(COW)
Additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in complianceAdditional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in compliance
with 1.4. and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book Part IIwith 1.4. and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book Part II

5.3.5.3. Crude oil tankersCrude oil tankers ≥ 40,000 dwt delivered40,000 dwt delivered
on or before 1 June 1982, shall comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. andon or before 1 June 1982, shall comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. and
1.5.2. or may in lieu SBT, operate with a cargo tank cleaning procedure1.5.2. or may in lieu SBT, operate with a cargo tank cleaning procedure
using crude oil washing (COW)using crude oil washing (COW)
5.4. Product carriers5.4. Product carriers ≥ 40,000 dwt delivered on or before 1 June 1982 shall40,000 dwt delivered on or before 1 June 1982 shall
comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. and 1.5.2. or may in lieu SBT,comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. and 1.5.2. or may in lieu SBT,
operate with dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT).operate with dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT). The product carrier shallThe product carrier shall
be equippedbe equipped with an oil content meterwith an oil content meter, approved by the Administration to, approved by the Administration to
enable supervision of the oil contentenable supervision of the oil content
in ballast water being discharged.in ballast water being discharged.
5.5. Oil tankers5.5. Oil tankers ≥ 70,000 dwt delivered after70,000 dwt delivered after
31 December 1979 shall comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. and 1.5.2.31 December 1979 shall comply with the requirements of 1.5.1. and 1.5.2.

5.6. Every crude oil tanker5.6. Every crude oil tanker ≥ 20,000 dwt and every product20,000 dwt and every product
carriercarrier ≥ 30,000 dwt delivered after 1 June 1982, are required30,000 dwt delivered after 1 June 1982, are required
to be equipped with theto be equipped with the segregated ballast tankssegregated ballast tanks providing a measureproviding a measure
of protection against oil outflow in the event of grounding or collision.of protection against oil outflow in the event of grounding or collision.
This regulation does not relate to tankers that meet double hull andThis regulation does not relate to tankers that meet double hull and
double bottom requirementsdouble bottom requirements
5.7. Every oil tanker5.7. Every oil tanker ≥ 5,000 dwt delivered on or after 6 July 1996 shall be5,000 dwt delivered on or after 6 July 1996 shall be
fitted withfitted with double hullsdouble hulls ((the entire cargo tank length shall be protected bythe entire cargo tank length shall be protected by
ballast tanks or spaces other than tanks that carry oilballast tanks or spaces other than tanks that carry oil))
Such tankers delivered before 6 July 1996 shall comply with the 1.5.7.Such tankers delivered before 6 July 1996 shall comply with the 1.5.7.
requirements not later than 5 April 2005 or the anniversary of therequirements not later than 5 April 2005 or the anniversary of the
date of delivery of the ship on the date or in the year specified in thedate of delivery of the ship on the date or in the year specified in the
following statement:following statement:

The full timetable for the phasing out of single-hull tankersThe full timetable for the phasing out of single-hull tankers
CategoryCategory
of oilof oil tankertanker
Date or yearDate or year
Category 1Category 1 5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1982 or earlier5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1982 or earlier
2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 19822005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1982
Category 2Category 2 aandnd
Category 3Category 3
5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1977 or earlier5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1977 or earlier
2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1977 but before2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1977 but before
1 January 19781 January 1978
2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 19792006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979
2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 19812007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981
2008 for ships delivered in 19822008 for ships delivered in 1982
2009 for ships delivered in 19832009 for ships delivered in 1983
2010 for ships delivered in 1984 or later2010 for ships delivered in 1984 or later

IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 12/2003, entry intoIMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 12/2003, entry into
force 5/4/2005) - simplified statementforce 5/4/2005) - simplified statement
• Category 1 phase-out up to 2005Category 1 phase-out up to 2005
• Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010
• Condition Assessment Scheme CASCondition Assessment Scheme CAS
required for Categories 2&3 over 15 years oldrequired for Categories 2&3 over 15 years old
Oil Tanker CategorizationOil Tanker Categorization
Category 1Category 1 pre-MARPOL (pre-1982)pre-MARPOL (pre-1982)
Category 2Category 2 MARPOL (post-1982)MARPOL (post-1982)
Category 3Category 3 smaller tankers (5,000-20,000/30,000dwt)smaller tankers (5,000-20,000/30,000dwt)

BUTBUT
 Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 up to 2015 or 25th anniversaryFlag state may extend Categories 2&3 up to 2015 or 25th anniversary
(whichever earlier) if satisfactory results of the CAS(whichever earlier) if satisfactory results of the CAS
 Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 with only double bottomsFlag state may extend Categories 2&3 with only double bottoms (db)(db)or onlyor only
double sidesdouble sides (ds)(ds) which may trade up to 25th anniversary of delivery (evenwhich may trade up to 25th anniversary of delivery (even
past 2015)past 2015)
HOWEVERHOWEVER
 Port state may deny entry of either of such flag-state-extended tankersPort state may deny entry of either of such flag-state-extended tankers
5.8. OIL TANKERS CARRYING HEAVY GRADE OIL5.8. OIL TANKERS CARRYING HEAVY GRADE OIL
AS CARGOAS CARGO
Double hullDouble hull is required from 5/4/05 foris required from 5/4/05 for Heavy Grade OilHeavy Grade Oil (HGO)(HGO) as cargo foras cargo for
tankers 5,000 dwt and above, and for tankers 600 - 4,999 dwt (excepttankers 5,000 dwt and above, and for tankers 600 - 4,999 dwt (except
single-hulls built withsingle-hulls built with dbdb andand dsds) from anniversary date in 2008) from anniversary date in 2008

BUTBUT
 Flag state may allow single-hull tkr ≥ 5,000 dwt with onlyFlag state may allow single-hull tkr ≥ 5,000 dwt with only dbdb
or onlyor only dsds to continue withto continue with HGOHGO up to 25th anniversary (even beyondup to 25th anniversary (even beyond
2015)2015)
 Flag state may allow single-hull tkr ≥ 5,000 dwt to continue withFlag state may allow single-hull tkr ≥ 5,000 dwt to continue with HGOHGO
between 900 and 945 kg/cubic meter until 25th anniversary or 2015between 900 and 945 kg/cubic meter until 25th anniversary or 2015
whichever is earlier, if results of the CAS satisfy Administrationwhichever is earlier, if results of the CAS satisfy Administration
 Flag state may allow single-hull 600-4,999 dwt to continue withFlag state may allow single-hull 600-4,999 dwt to continue with HGOHGO
until 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever is earlieruntil 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever is earlier
HOWEVERHOWEVER
 Port state may deny entry of any of the abovePort state may deny entry of any of the above
mentioned flag-state-extended tankers carryingmentioned flag-state-extended tankers carrying HGOHGO

5.9.Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)5.9.Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)
 CAS (Applies to oil tankersCAS (Applies to oil tankers ≥ 5,000 dwt )5,000 dwt )
 CAS will be performed at intervals of up to 5CAS will be performed at intervals of up to 5
years and 6 monthsyears and 6 months
 First CAS to be undertaken at first renewalFirst CAS to be undertaken at first renewal
(i.e. special) survey or intermediate survey(i.e. special) survey or intermediate survey
after 5/4/05 of every tanker whichafter 5/4/05 of every tanker which
has reached its fifteenth yearhas reached its fifteenth year
 CAS is to be harmonisedCAS is to be harmonised
with ESP (Enhanced Special Survey)with ESP (Enhanced Special Survey)

5.10.On oil tankers5.10.On oil tankers ≥ 5000 dwt constructed5000 dwt constructed
on or after 01.01.2007 the pump- room shall be providedon or after 01.01.2007 the pump- room shall be provided
withwith double bottomdouble bottom..
5.11. Tankers delivered on or after 01.01.2010 have to be5.11. Tankers delivered on or after 01.01.2010 have to be
constructed providing adequateconstructed providing adequate protectionprotection against oilagainst oil
pollution in the event of stranding or collision. (pollution in the event of stranding or collision. (Oil outflowOil outflow
performance in case of accident – collision or groundingperformance in case of accident – collision or grounding))
5.12. Oil tankers ≥ 150 GT shall be provided with5.12. Oil tankers ≥ 150 GT shall be provided with slop tankslop tank
arrangements of total capacity not less then 3% of totalarrangements of total capacity not less then 3% of total
carrying capacity. Oil tankers ≥ 70,000 delivered aftercarrying capacity. Oil tankers ≥ 70,000 delivered after
31.12.1979, shall be provided with at least two slop tanks.31.12.1979, shall be provided with at least two slop tanks.

6. Equipment requirements for oil tankers cargo area6. Equipment requirements for oil tankers cargo area
6.1. Oil tankers6.1. Oil tankers ≥ 150 GT shall be equipped with Oil Discharge150 GT shall be equipped with Oil Discharge
Monitoring Equipment (ODME) approved by the Administration,Monitoring Equipment (ODME) approved by the Administration,
which includes:which includes:
- a recording device to provide continuous record of the discharge in- a recording device to provide continuous record of the discharge in
litres per nautical mile and total quantity discharged, orlitres per nautical mile and total quantity discharged, or
the oil content and rate of dischargethe oil content and rate of discharge..
Record shall be identifiable as to timeRecord shall be identifiable as to time
and date and shall be kept for at leastand date and shall be kept for at least
three years; any discharge of oilythree years; any discharge of oily
mixture is automatically stopped whenmixture is automatically stopped when
exceeding the permitted instantaneousexceeding the permitted instantaneous
rate of discharge of oil;rate of discharge of oil;
Design of the oil content meter to beDesign of the oil content meter to be
incorporated in the system shall complyincorporated in the system shall comply
with IMO requirements.with IMO requirements.

6.2. Oil tankers ≥ 150 GT6.2. Oil tankers ≥ 150 GT
shall be provided with effectiveshall be provided with effective
oil/water interface detectorsoil/water interface detectors
approved by the Administrationapproved by the Administration
for a rapid and accurate determinationfor a rapid and accurate determination
of the oil/water interfaceof the oil/water interface
in slop tanks and shall be availablein slop tanks and shall be available
for use in other tanks where thefor use in other tanks where the
separation of oil and water is effectedseparation of oil and water is effected
and from which it is dischargedand from which it is discharged
directly to the sea.directly to the sea.

6.3. Every crude oil tanker6.3. Every crude oil tanker ≥ 20,000 dwt20,000 dwt
delivered after 1 June 1982delivered after 1 June 1982
shall be fitted with a cargo tank cleaning systemshall be fitted with a cargo tank cleaning system
using crude oil washing (COW)using crude oil washing (COW)
approved by Administration.approved by Administration.

7.7. Oil Record Book requirementsOil Record Book requirements
•• Part I - Machinery space OperationsPart I - Machinery space Operations for tankers ≥ 150 GTfor tankers ≥ 150 GT
and for non tankers ≥ 400 GTand for non tankers ≥ 400 GT
•• Part II - Cargo/ballast operationsPart II - Cargo/ballast operations for oil tanker ≥ 150 GTfor oil tanker ≥ 150 GT
•• When making entries, the date, operational letter codeWhen making entries, the date, operational letter code
and item number must be insertedand item number must be inserted
and the required details recordedand the required details recorded
in the record of operationsin the record of operations
•• Each completed operationEach completed operation
to be signed and dated byto be signed and dated by
officer in charge as soonofficer in charge as soon
as the operation is over.as the operation is over.

Entries in the Oil Record Book must be:Entries in the Oil Record Book must be:
 accurateaccurate
 signed by person in chargesigned by person in charge
of operation.of operation.
 entered without delayentered without delay
 signed by Master on each pagesigned by Master on each page
 available for inspectionavailable for inspection

Oil record book (cont.)Oil record book (cont.)
•• Mistakes to be struck through with a single line, the wrongMistakes to be struck through with a single line, the wrong
entry signed and followed by the correct entry.entry signed and followed by the correct entry.
•• No full empty lines between each recorded entry are permitted ,No full empty lines between each recorded entry are permitted ,
•• ORB is to remain onboard for min. three years from the dateORB is to remain onboard for min. three years from the date
of last entryof last entry
•• Only an official ORB is to be kept. A rough or working copy is notOnly an official ORB is to be kept. A rough or working copy is not
permitted.permitted.
•• All entries recorded in ink.All entries recorded in ink.
•• ORB can be inspected by authorized authorities that may make copyORB can be inspected by authorized authorities that may make copy
of entries and require the Master to certify them as “true copy”of entries and require the Master to certify them as “true copy”
Proper record keeping is to be verified at each superintendent’s visit to the shipProper record keeping is to be verified at each superintendent’s visit to the ship

ORB is worthy of a special mention as this isORB is worthy of a special mention as this is
a particular area that Port State Controla particular area that Port State Control
inspectors frequently discover errors.inspectors frequently discover errors.
It is also an area where a vessel can be finedIt is also an area where a vessel can be fined
heavily if the entries are wrong or have beenheavily if the entries are wrong or have been
deliberately falsifieddeliberately falsified
Refer also to:Refer also to:
Fleet Operations Section 6.2.9
Safety & Environmental Procedures Section 9.4.4
INTERTANKO’s “A Guide for Correct Entries inINTERTANKO’s “A Guide for Correct Entries in
the Oil Record Book”the Oil Record Book”
UK P&I Club Oil Record Book entriesUK P&I Club Oil Record Book entries

8. Approved Shipboard Oil Pollution Plan (SOPEP)8. Approved Shipboard Oil Pollution Plan (SOPEP)
required for oil tankers ≥ 150 GT and non-tankers ≥ 400 GTrequired for oil tankers ≥ 150 GT and non-tankers ≥ 400 GT
SOPEP - based on IMO guidelinesSOPEP - based on IMO guidelines** is written in theis written in the
working language of the master and officers.working language of the master and officers.
The plan shall consist of:The plan shall consist of:
- the procedure to be followed by the master or other- the procedure to be followed by the master or other
persons having charge of the ship to report an oilpersons having charge of the ship to report an oil
pollution incident,pollution incident,
- the list of authorities or persons to be- the list of authorities or persons to be
contacted in the event of an oil pollution incident;contacted in the event of an oil pollution incident;
For ships fulfilling regFor ships fulfilling reg.. 17 of Marpol Annex II, SOPEP may be combined17 of Marpol Annex II, SOPEP may be combined
with the shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious liquidwith the shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious liquid
substances and the title is changed to “Shipboard marine pollutionsubstances and the title is changed to “Shipboard marine pollution
emergency plan”. SMPEPemergency plan”. SMPEP
* MEPC.54(32) as amended by resolution MEPC.86(44)* MEPC.54(32) as amended by resolution MEPC.86(44)**

The plan SOPEP shall consist of (cont.):The plan SOPEP shall consist of (cont.):
-- a detailed description of the action to be taken immediately bya detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by
persons on board following the incidentpersons on board following the incident
-- the procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinatingthe procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating
shipboard action with national and local authorities.shipboard action with national and local authorities.
click here forclick here for SOPEP Contact points updated as of 3SOPEP Contact points updated as of 300//0606/200/20099
for full txt of VMS SOPEP click herefor full txt of VMS SOPEP click here
Computerised, shore-based damageComputerised, shore-based damage stability and residualstability and residual
structural strength calculation programsstructural strength calculation programs shall be accessibleshall be accessible
on board all oil tankers ≥ 5,000 dwt .on board all oil tankers ≥ 5,000 dwt .

9.9. Onboard Oil Spill EquipmentOnboard Oil Spill Equipment
shouldshould comprisecomprise::
- protective clothing- protective clothing
- emulsifiers for deck cleaning- emulsifiers for deck cleaning
- s- sorbentsorbents
- scupper plugs- scupper plugs
- non-sparking hand scoops, shovels and buckets- non-sparking hand scoops, shovels and buckets
-- a minimum of one non-sparking pump with hosesa minimum of one non-sparking pump with hoses

Onboard Oil Spill EquipmentOnboard Oil Spill Equipment (continued)(continued)
 The full list of equipment and suppliesThe full list of equipment and supplies is tois to be listed inbe listed in
the vessel's SOPEP Manual.the vessel's SOPEP Manual.
 Oil Spill Removal EquipmentOil Spill Removal Equipment is tois to be marked with twobe marked with two
red bands and kept in ared bands and kept in a markedmarked storeroomstoreroom
 During cargo operations and bunkering, the equipmentDuring cargo operations and bunkering, the equipment
and supplies should be ready for immediate use.and supplies should be ready for immediate use.
For VMS 9.4.5 Onboard Oil Spill Removal Equipment txt click hereFor VMS 9.4.5 Onboard Oil Spill Removal Equipment txt click here

10.10. Oil loading terminals, repair ports and portsOil loading terminals, repair ports and ports
in which ships have oily residues toin which ships have oily residues to
discharge, have to be equipped withdischarge, have to be equipped with
facilities for the reception of suchfacilities for the reception of such
residues andresidues and oily mixtures. Each Partyoily mixtures. Each Party
shall notify the Organization forshall notify the Organization for
transmission to the Parties concernedtransmission to the Parties concerned
of all cases where the facilitiesof all cases where the facilities
provided under this regulation areprovided under this regulation are
inadequate.inadequate.

11. Surveys and Certification11. Surveys and Certification
- are required for ships ≥ 400 GT and oil tankers ≥ 150 GT.are required for ships ≥ 400 GT and oil tankers ≥ 150 GT.
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPPC)International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPPC)
shall be issued:shall be issued:
- after an initial or renewal surveyafter an initial or renewal survey
- by the Administration or organization duly authorized by it.by the Administration or organization duly authorized by it.
- for a period not exceeding five years.for a period not exceeding five years.
Certificate shall cease if the relevant surveys are notCertificate shall cease if the relevant surveys are not
completed, if the certificate is not endorsed, upon transfercompleted, if the certificate is not endorsed, upon transfer
of the ship to the flag of another Stateof the ship to the flag of another State..
Click here to open IOPPC exampleClick here to open IOPPC example

11. Port State Control (PSC) on operational requirements*11. Port State Control (PSC) on operational requirements*
1.1. when in a port a ship is subject to inspection by authorized PSC officerswhen in a port a ship is subject to inspection by authorized PSC officers
2.2. if there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are notif there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not
familiar with essential shipboard procedures preventing pollution by oil,familiar with essential shipboard procedures preventing pollution by oil,
all steps are to be taken to ensure that the situation has been broughtall steps are to be taken to ensure that the situation has been brought
to order.to order.
3.3. if ships equipment is broken or missing or ship has sufferedif ships equipment is broken or missing or ship has suffered
damages en route, Port Authorities must be informeddamages en route, Port Authorities must be informed
accordingly and if remedies were agreed with the flag state,accordingly and if remedies were agreed with the flag state,
the ship is not to be detained.the ship is not to be detained.
** Refer to the Procedures for port State control resolutionRefer to the Procedures for port State control resolution
A.787(19) as amended by resolution A.882(21);A.787(19) as amended by resolution A.882(21);

4.The most common MARPOL Annex I4.The most common MARPOL Annex I deficienciesdeficiencies
found byfound by PSCPSC officers :officers :
•• filtering equipment OWS malfunctioningfiltering equipment OWS malfunctioning
•• 15 ppm alarm arrangements (inoperative alarm and auto stop)15 ppm alarm arrangements (inoperative alarm and auto stop)
•• illegal OWS bypassillegal OWS bypass
•• SOPEPSOPEP
•• retention of oil onboard ,quantity of oily water retained onboard notretention of oil onboard ,quantity of oily water retained onboard not
corresponding with ORB entries and OIPP Record of Constructioncorresponding with ORB entries and OIPP Record of Construction
and equipment prevention of pollution by oil (IOPP)and equipment prevention of pollution by oil (IOPP)
•• quantity of oil residues landed ashore or incinerated contrary toquantity of oil residues landed ashore or incinerated contrary to
quantity expected to be produced from machinery spacesquantity expected to be produced from machinery spaces
•• discharge violation noted by oil coating inside clean discharge pipesdischarge violation noted by oil coating inside clean discharge pipes
from OWSfrom OWS
•• indications of discharge pipe/valve removalindications of discharge pipe/valve removal
•• inconsistent entries in ORBinconsistent entries in ORB

55. Certificates and documents to be carried onboard:. Certificates and documents to be carried onboard:
•• Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (including the Record ofOil Pollution Prevention Certificate (including the Record of
Construction and Equipment (Form A or B)Construction and Equipment (Form A or B)
•• Statement of compliance for Condition Assessment SchemeStatement of compliance for Condition Assessment Scheme
(Tankers only)(Tankers only)
Type of Approval Certificates:Type of Approval Certificates:
•• Oily Water SeparatorOily Water Separator
•• 15 PPM Alarm15 PPM Alarm
•• Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control SystemOil Discharge Monitoring and Control System
(Tankers Only)(Tankers Only)
•• Oil/Water Interface Detector (Tanker Only)Oil/Water Interface Detector (Tanker Only)

DocumentsDocuments
All ships:All ships:
•• Oil Record Book (Part 1)Oil Record Book (Part 1)
•• SOPEP *SOPEP *
Tanker specific (Marpol Annex I):Tanker specific (Marpol Annex I):
•• Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System*– ODME ManualOil Discharge Monitoring and Control System*– ODME Manual
(recordings from ODME equipment to be kept onboard for at least 3 years)(recordings from ODME equipment to be kept onboard for at least 3 years)
•• Crude oil Washing Manual*, if applicableCrude oil Washing Manual*, if applicable
•• Oil Record Book (part 2)Oil Record Book (part 2)
•• Access to shore based damage stability and residual strengthAccess to shore based damage stability and residual strength
CalculationsCalculations
•• Dedicated Clean Ballast Tank Operation Manual*Dedicated Clean Ballast Tank Operation Manual*
•• Damage Stability Approval*Damage Stability Approval*
•• Vapour Emission Control System Procedure (Manual) *Vapour Emission Control System Procedure (Manual) *
* Should be approved by or on behalf of the Flag Administration* Should be approved by or on behalf of the Flag Administration

U.S. Regulation summary:U.S. Regulation summary:
 MARPOL Annex I - the most frequentlyMARPOL Annex I - the most frequently
violatedviolated
 Over $200 million dollars in criminal finesOver $200 million dollars in criminal fines
since 1998 as well as : restitution,since 1998 as well as : restitution,
community service and probation with courtcommunity service and probation with court
supervised environmental compliancesupervised environmental compliance
programs.programs.
 Personal punishment : 17 years ofPersonal punishment : 17 years of
imprisonment since 1998 for seniorimprisonment since 1998 for senior
shipboard officers and engineers.shipboard officers and engineers.
12.12. Crime and penalty focusCrime and penalty focus

Direct causes of crimesDirect causes of crimes
 Many cases constitute deliberate discharges of tons of waste oil,Many cases constitute deliberate discharges of tons of waste oil,
sludge and other pollutants.sludge and other pollutants.
 Crimes committed for financial motive.Crimes committed for financial motive.
 Deliberate crimes omitting pollution prevention equipmentDeliberate crimes omitting pollution prevention equipment
 Cost saving, easiest & quickest method of performing taskCost saving, easiest & quickest method of performing task
 Discharges made at night, hiding of bypass equipment, use ofDischarges made at night, hiding of bypass equipment, use of
dispersants, tricking of OCM, falsification of Oil Record Book anddispersants, tricking of OCM, falsification of Oil Record Book and
Tank Sounding Log, etc.Tank Sounding Log, etc.
 Faking of vessel records to mislead portFaking of vessel records to mislead port
authorities.authorities.
 Most cases involve circumventing of justiceMost cases involve circumventing of justice
(destruction of evidence, alteration of documents,(destruction of evidence, alteration of documents,
providing false witness, committing perjury).providing false witness, committing perjury).

illegalillegal bbypass exampleypass example

Each of these vesselsEach of these vessels
was ISM certified andwas ISM certified and
had passed Class,had passed Class,
Flag and Port StateFlag and Port State
inspectionsinspections

European Ship Sourced Pollution DirectivesEuropean Ship Sourced Pollution Directives
■■ New EU legislation dealing with criminal liability in the form of DirectiveNew EU legislation dealing with criminal liability in the form of Directive
2005/35/EC that came into force on 1 April 2007 imposes criminal2005/35/EC that came into force on 1 April 2007 imposes criminal
liabilities for ship-source pollution.liabilities for ship-source pollution.
■■ Unlike MARPOL, the Directive makes no distinction betweenUnlike MARPOL, the Directive makes no distinction between
operational and accidental dischargesoperational and accidental discharges
■■ The Directive exposes not only ships’ crews, owners and operatorsThe Directive exposes not only ships’ crews, owners and operators
to liability but also any other party connected to the ship, includingto liability but also any other party connected to the ship, including
salvors and classification societies.salvors and classification societies.
■■ Satellite monitoring –Satellite monitoring – Clean Sea NetClean Sea Net provides monitoringprovides monitoring
of illegal dischargesof illegal discharges with oil spill alert within 30 min,with oil spill alert within 30 min,
including slick position, its extent, shape ,including slick position, its extent, shape ,
as well as wind and wave data.as well as wind and wave data.

13. Equipment and Best Management Practices13. Equipment and Best Management Practices
VMS water pollution prevention (Fleet Operations,VMS water pollution prevention (Fleet Operations,
Safety & Environmental Procedures, Tanker Operation Instructions)Safety & Environmental Procedures, Tanker Operation Instructions)
1. General1. General
•• necessary precautions are to be taken and procedures are to benecessary precautions are to be taken and procedures are to be
strictly followed during all oil transfer operations, which must not be leftstrictly followed during all oil transfer operations, which must not be left
unattendedunattended
•• every ship is to be supplied with posters regarding theevery ship is to be supplied with posters regarding the
prohibition of the discharge of any pollutants. Anyone sighting aprohibition of the discharge of any pollutants. Anyone sighting a
pollutant around or near the vessel has to inform the Masterpollutant around or near the vessel has to inform the Master
immediatelyimmediately
Click here for water pollution posterClick here for water pollution poster

General (cont.)General (cont.)
•• inert gas generators should be started before entering restrictedinert gas generators should be started before entering restricted
waters to avoid the possibility of pollution.waters to avoid the possibility of pollution.
2. Bilges2. Bilges
•• Bilges must be kept dry at all times utilizing bilgeBilges must be kept dry at all times utilizing bilge holdingholding
tank.tank. All oil and water leaks must be stopped or reducedAll oil and water leaks must be stopped or reduced..
•• Engineer officer is to examine bilges regularly, leaks and spillagesEngineer officer is to examine bilges regularly, leaks and spillages
must be identified and eliminated (no oil leak collecting tins etc aremust be identified and eliminated (no oil leak collecting tins etc are
allowed)allowed)
•• Cleansing agents, emulsifiers, solvents or surfactants used forCleansing agents, emulsifiers, solvents or surfactants used for
cleaning purposes are to be minimized in the bilges of a ship,cleaning purposes are to be minimized in the bilges of a ship,
to limit emulsion formation.to limit emulsion formation.

2. Bilges (cont)2. Bilges (cont)
•• The contents of the bilge holding tank(s) are to be discharged viaThe contents of the bilge holding tank(s) are to be discharged via
the vessel’s oily water separation system, ensuring that the oilthe vessel’s oily water separation system, ensuring that the oil
content of the effluent does not exceed 15 ppmcontent of the effluent does not exceed 15 ppm
3. The Oily Water Separator (OWS)3. The Oily Water Separator (OWS)
•• personnel is to be fully familiar with its operation and testingpersonnel is to be fully familiar with its operation and testing
•• on no account is the OWS to be by-passedon no account is the OWS to be by-passed
•• any faults and incorrect operating practices found by portany faults and incorrect operating practices found by port
state inspection can lead to the detention of a vessel.state inspection can lead to the detention of a vessel.
operation manual for the OWS is to be studied by the relevantoperation manual for the OWS is to be studied by the relevant
personnel in order to become fully conversant with it.personnel in order to become fully conversant with it.
•• crew is to be familiar with the approved cleaning chemicals that do notcrew is to be familiar with the approved cleaning chemicals that do not
form emulsionform emulsion

3. The Oily Water Separator (OWS) cont.3. The Oily Water Separator (OWS) cont.
•• any flanges located at or near the OWS and overboard discharge valvesany flanges located at or near the OWS and overboard discharge valves
that are not used, should be blanked offthat are not used, should be blanked off
•• all flanges connected to any flexible hoses maintained on board which mayall flanges connected to any flexible hoses maintained on board which may
create the wrong impression or suspicion that an illegal by-pass is beingcreate the wrong impression or suspicion that an illegal by-pass is being
used should be removed.used should be removed.
•• alarms and recording devices must be fully operationalalarms and recording devices must be fully operational
•• oil Record Book and the Deck Log can be closely checked for discrepanciesoil Record Book and the Deck Log can be closely checked for discrepancies
by the inspectorsby the inspectors
•• Pumping capacities can be scrutinisedPumping capacities can be scrutinised
•• OWS discharge valve is to be closed and locked when the vessel is in portOWS discharge valve is to be closed and locked when the vessel is in port
or in a Special Area as defined by MARPOLor in a Special Area as defined by MARPOL

3. (OWS) cont.3. (OWS) cont.
•• It is to be noted that it is illegal to sail from a port withoutIt is to be noted that it is illegal to sail from a port without
a functioning OWS and it is a requirement that sufficient sparesa functioning OWS and it is a requirement that sufficient spares
for the unit are carried onboard.for the unit are carried onboard.
•• The Chief Engineer is fully responsible for the maintenanceThe Chief Engineer is fully responsible for the maintenance
and operation of the OWS and its operation must only beand operation of the OWS and its operation must only be
carried out by officers fully familiar with the equipmentcarried out by officers fully familiar with the equipment
•• When the equipment is not in use, the Chief Engineer is toWhen the equipment is not in use, the Chief Engineer is to
ensure that a system is in place to lock-out the equipmentensure that a system is in place to lock-out the equipment
to avoid unauthorized operation with keys being held by the C/Eto avoid unauthorized operation with keys being held by the C/E

•• Operating instructions and an operating diagram are to beOperating instructions and an operating diagram are to be
posted on or next to the OWS unit.posted on or next to the OWS unit.
•• Regular operational tests and checks of the OWS and associatedRegular operational tests and checks of the OWS and associated
equipment must be carried out in accordance with the PMP andequipment must be carried out in accordance with the PMP and
also no later than 24 hours before arrival in port where possiblealso no later than 24 hours before arrival in port where possible
•• Minimum recommendations are that full inspection andMinimum recommendations are that full inspection and
cleaning of the OWS is to be carried out at least every twocleaning of the OWS is to be carried out at least every two
months with filters cleaned on a monthly basis. All testsmonths with filters cleaned on a monthly basis. All tests
must be recorded in the engine log book and oil record bookmust be recorded in the engine log book and oil record book
However it is advisable that filters clearing should not be carried outHowever it is advisable that filters clearing should not be carried out
immediately prior to entering port, as it may be interpreted asimmediately prior to entering port, as it may be interpreted as
suspicious by PSC or MARPOL inspectors.suspicious by PSC or MARPOL inspectors.

•• The tank from which the OWS takes suction should be cleaned on a twoThe tank from which the OWS takes suction should be cleaned on a two
monthly basis. A sample is to be landed yearly for testing in a shoremonthly basis. A sample is to be landed yearly for testing in a shore
laboratory; the test standard is to be USEPA 1664.laboratory; the test standard is to be USEPA 1664.
•• The Oil Content Monitor is to be calibrated yearly. Where possible anThe Oil Content Monitor is to be calibrated yearly. Where possible an
interlock deviceinterlock device preventing discharge overboard whilst flushing waterpreventing discharge overboard whilst flushing water
supplied to the Oil Content Monitor (OCM) is to be fitted.supplied to the Oil Content Monitor (OCM) is to be fitted.
•• Any defects discovered with the OWS and associated equipment mustAny defects discovered with the OWS and associated equipment must
be rectified without delay. Where a defect cannot be repaired on boardbe rectified without delay. Where a defect cannot be repaired on board
for want of spare parts or the need for specialist service,for want of spare parts or the need for specialist service, thethe
management office must be notifiedmanagement office must be notified and a remedial action plan agreedand a remedial action plan agreed
upon. If the vessel is about to enter port knowing that the OWS isupon. If the vessel is about to enter port knowing that the OWS is
defective,defective, the fact must be reported in the pre-arrival notices via agentsthe fact must be reported in the pre-arrival notices via agents
according to local regulations.according to local regulations.
forfor RESOLUTION MEPC.107(49) „Revised guidelines and specifications for pollution preventionRevised guidelines and specifications for pollution prevention
equipment for machinery space bilges of ships.” Clickequipment for machinery space bilges of ships.” Click herehere
These Guidelines relate to equipment installed on or after 01.01.05

• quantity of water discharged overboard in any logged period mustquantity of water discharged overboard in any logged period must
not exceed the certificated capacity of the OWS unit. If any suchnot exceed the certificated capacity of the OWS unit. If any such
discrepancy occurs, a full explanation must be recorded in the ORB.discrepancy occurs, a full explanation must be recorded in the ORB.
•• consistent units of measurement of volumes, rates and capacitiesconsistent units of measurement of volumes, rates and capacities
used in the engine room should be used.used in the engine room should be used.
(For example the units of measurement used in tank(For example the units of measurement used in tank
sounding tables should be the same as those used insounding tables should be the same as those used in
recording volumes processed in the OWS)recording volumes processed in the OWS)
•• tank and equipment titles used in the ORB and in log books musttank and equipment titles used in the ORB and in log books must
match those of tanks and equipment identified in the ship’s IOPPmatch those of tanks and equipment identified in the ship’s IOPP
certificate. Bilge tanks must be identified by their locationcertificate. Bilge tanks must be identified by their location
(e.g. frame number) and capacity as well as their correct title(e.g. frame number) and capacity as well as their correct title

•• failure to comply with above instructions can lead tofailure to comply with above instructions can lead to
prosecution and authorities such as the USA have made itprosecution and authorities such as the USA have made it
clear that they will seek jail sentences for senior officers ofclear that they will seek jail sentences for senior officers of
ships breaching pollution regulations.ships breaching pollution regulations.
•• USA officials are to scrutinise the E/R alarm book andUSA officials are to scrutinise the E/R alarm book and
compare the times recorded for bilge /sludge tank alarms andcompare the times recorded for bilge /sludge tank alarms and
subsequent pumping out with the ORB times of pumpingsubsequent pumping out with the ORB times of pumping
bilges overboard, checking for any discrepancies.bilges overboard, checking for any discrepancies.

TheThe MasterMaster must be advised, before the OWS is used, to ensuremust be advised, before the OWS is used, to ensure
that the operation is in compliance with MARPOL and that allthat the operation is in compliance with MARPOL and that all
risks have been fully considered. The bridge team is to berisks have been fully considered. The bridge team is to be
advised when the equipment is in use in order that they can keepadvised when the equipment is in use in order that they can keep
a watch astern to ensure that no oily sheen is sighted on thea watch astern to ensure that no oily sheen is sighted on the
water. If such a sheen is sighted then the operation must bewater. If such a sheen is sighted then the operation must be
immediately stopped. Where possible, consideration should beimmediately stopped. Where possible, consideration should be
given to limiting the use of the oil water separator to daylightgiven to limiting the use of the oil water separator to daylight
hours. Where possible, consideration should be given to postinghours. Where possible, consideration should be given to posting
a watch (additional to the navigation watch) to visually monitora watch (additional to the navigation watch) to visually monitor
the sea surface in way of the discharge.the sea surface in way of the discharge.
For more details on OWS click here
Ref. is also to be made to the Fleet Operations Section 6.5.5. e
and Safety & Environmental Procedures Section 9.4.3

4.4. Disposal and handling of sludgeDisposal and handling of sludge
•• sludge is to be considered as “contaminated, hazardous and toxic”.sludge is to be considered as “contaminated, hazardous and toxic”.
There is a significant danger of explosion and fire as well as theThere is a significant danger of explosion and fire as well as the
dangers associated with toxic chemicals. Therefore it must bedangers associated with toxic chemicals. Therefore it must be
handled with care by competent staff using appropriate equipmenthandled with care by competent staff using appropriate equipment
and protective clothing.and protective clothing.
•• sludge containing oil or petroleum wastes from the engine roomsludge containing oil or petroleum wastes from the engine room
must be disposed of in full compliance with MARPOL .must be disposed of in full compliance with MARPOL .
•• expected sludge generation should be around 0,8 – 1,0 % of HFOexpected sludge generation should be around 0,8 – 1,0 % of HFO
plus 0,5% of DO consumption.plus 0,5% of DO consumption.

Disposal and handling of sludge (cont.)Disposal and handling of sludge (cont.)
Disposal will be:Disposal will be:
 direct to shore facilities or with the use of onboard incinerators ordirect to shore facilities or with the use of onboard incinerators or
byby other means covered by supplement to the IOPP Certificateother means covered by supplement to the IOPP Certificate
““Form A/B”Form A/B”
 if not stated in the IOPP Supplement Form A/B and the vesselif not stated in the IOPP Supplement Form A/B and the vessel
hashas insufficient free capacity onboard to reach shore receptioninsufficient free capacity onboard to reach shore reception
facilities, the transfer of engine-room sludge to the cargofacilities, the transfer of engine-room sludge to the cargo
system slop tanks may only be carried out after contactsystem slop tanks may only be carried out after contact
with the management office and flag authorisation.with the management office and flag authorisation.
 a Risk Assessment (SAF03) and Critical Operations Checklist (SAF16)a Risk Assessment (SAF03) and Critical Operations Checklist (SAF16)
must be created by the vessel and reviewed by the management officemust be created by the vessel and reviewed by the management office

55. Other procedures. Other procedures
that,that, if followed correctlyif followed correctly, will help prevent, will help prevent
pollution from engine room sourcespollution from engine room sources
FO 6.3.4FO 6.3.4 Planned Maintenance SystemPlanned Maintenance System
FO 6.3.5FO 6.3.5 Defects and DamagesDefects and Damages
FO 6.3.13FO 6.3.13 Pipeline Identification, ValvesPipeline Identification, Valves
FO 6.3.18FO 6.3.18 CalibrationCalibration
FO 6.9.5FO 6.9.5 Completion of Dry-dockingCompletion of Dry-docking
S&E 3.0S&E 3.0 Risk Assessments & Critical OperationsRisk Assessments & Critical Operations
S&EP 4.4.4 (h) Use of DetergentsS&EP 4.4.4 (h) Use of Detergents
S&EP 4.6.3S&EP 4.6.3 Lock Out – Tag Out ProceduresLock Out – Tag Out Procedures
S&EP 9.4S&EP 9.4 Water PollutionWater Pollution
S&EP 9.7S&EP 9.7 Disposal and Handling of SludgeDisposal and Handling of Sludge

6. Tankers Cargo Operations6. Tankers Cargo Operations
- the main oil pollution sources:- the main oil pollution sources:
•• Failure to monitor operations correctlyFailure to monitor operations correctly
•• Poor use of checklistsPoor use of checklists
•• Responsibilities delegated from officers to crewResponsibilities delegated from officers to crew
•• Failure of equipmentFailure of equipment
•• Insufficient planningInsufficient planning
•• ComplacencyComplacency
•• Failure to follow proceduresFailure to follow procedures

6.1. PLANNING6.1. PLANNING (Oil Tanker Operating Instruction)(Oil Tanker Operating Instruction)
 Cargo Loading/Discharge PlanCargo Loading/Discharge Plan (Form MAR08) includes as a(Form MAR08) includes as a
minimum: final ullages, correct sequence of loading/discharge withminimum: final ullages, correct sequence of loading/discharge with
expected times, ballasting, stress, stability and draft conditions atexpected times, ballasting, stress, stability and draft conditions at
each stage, operating envelope of loading arms.each stage, operating envelope of loading arms.
 The Chief OfficerThe Chief Officer in conjunction with another officerin conjunction with another officer ensure that allensure that all
valves are correctly set.valves are correctly set.
 Plan is to be approved by the Master and signed by each officer andPlan is to be approved by the Master and signed by each officer and
pumpman. Junior officers are encouraged to take part in planning.pumpman. Junior officers are encouraged to take part in planning.
 Plan is to be discussed and agreed in writing with the terminalPlan is to be discussed and agreed in writing with the terminal
personnel.personnel.

6.2. COMMENCING OPERATIONSCOMMENCING OPERATIONS
Before any operation proper procedures must be adopted inBefore any operation proper procedures must be adopted in
accordance with Oil Tanker Operating Instructionaccordance with Oil Tanker Operating Instruction
 4.64.6 Cargo PlanningCargo Planning
 4.16 Commencing Operations4.16 Commencing Operations
 6.36.3 Precautions Before and During LoadingPrecautions Before and During Loading
 8.58.5 Precautions Before DischargePrecautions Before Discharge
 11.4.1. Tank Cleaning Plan11.4.1. Tank Cleaning Plan
All or parts of the above refer to the blanking of manifolds not inAll or parts of the above refer to the blanking of manifolds not in
use, checking valves and lines, the use of checklists, scuppers inuse, checking valves and lines, the use of checklists, scuppers in
place, trips and alarms tested, commencing loading slowly,place, trips and alarms tested, commencing loading slowly,
checking valves and lines again once cargo operations underway,checking valves and lines again once cargo operations underway,
checking cargo going into/out of correct tanks, proper watch keepingchecking cargo going into/out of correct tanks, proper watch keeping
and communications as well as the readiness of salvage pumps andand communications as well as the readiness of salvage pumps and
clean-up equipment in case of a spill.clean-up equipment in case of a spill.

6.3. MONITORING OF OPERATIONS6.3. MONITORING OF OPERATIONS
Monitoring of all cargo operations is essential for the purpose of safetyMonitoring of all cargo operations is essential for the purpose of safety
and the avoidance of pollution.and the avoidance of pollution.
Monitoring comprisesMonitoring comprises::

the cross checking of fixed with portable gaugesthe cross checking of fixed with portable gauges
 the calculation of loading/discharge rates – unplannedthe calculation of loading/discharge rates – unplanned
deviations in the loading rate must be investigated immediatelydeviations in the loading rate must be investigated immediately
 checking pressures at the manifoldchecking pressures at the manifold
 ensuring cargo is being loaded/discharged from the correctensuring cargo is being loaded/discharged from the correct
spaces and that spaces not involved in thespaces and that spaces not involved in the
operation are checkedoperation are checked
 check of mooringscheck of moorings

6.3. MONITORING OF OPERATIONS (cont.)6.3. MONITORING OF OPERATIONS (cont.)
 effective manifold and deck watch looking for leaks both oneffective manifold and deck watch looking for leaks both on
the ship and over-sidethe ship and over-side
 checking stress and stabilitychecking stress and stability
 checks of IGchecks of IG
 checks of the pump roomchecks of the pump room
 careful topping offcareful topping off
 ensuring cargo is fully stopped after loadingensuring cargo is fully stopped after loading
 the use checklists!the use checklists!
ENSURE THAT THE CARGO PLAN IS FOLLOWED BY ALL!ENSURE THAT THE CARGO PLAN IS FOLLOWED BY ALL!
VMS Ref. =VMS Ref. = Oil Tanker Operating InstructionsOil Tanker Operating Instructions : all chapters!: all chapters!

6.4. CHECKLISTS6.4. CHECKLISTS
 Checklists are an essential and useful tool in safe operation and if usedChecklists are an essential and useful tool in safe operation and if used
correctly they help prevent an incident. However they do not detract from ancorrectly they help prevent an incident. However they do not detract from an
officers responsibility to follow the fully laid down procedure.officers responsibility to follow the fully laid down procedure.
 There are references to particular checklists in almost every chapter of theThere are references to particular checklists in almost every chapter of the
tanker manual to accompany procedures and the relevant checklists aretanker manual to accompany procedures and the relevant checklists are
held within the forms manual. All checklists must be signed and a log entryheld within the forms manual. All checklists must be signed and a log entry
made once completed.made once completed.
 Where a checklist does not exist for a specific and critical operation (e.g.Where a checklist does not exist for a specific and critical operation (e.g.
tank cleaning) then a critical operations checklist (SAF 16) is to be madetank cleaning) then a critical operations checklist (SAF 16) is to be made
and used onboard for such an operation. (ref .Sand used onboard for such an operation. (ref .S&&EEPP 3.7)3.7)
 Over and above Company checklists, the tanker manual references theOver and above Company checklists, the tanker manual references the
Ship-Shore and Ship-to-Ship Transfer checklists as contained withinShip-Shore and Ship-to-Ship Transfer checklists as contained within
ISGOTT (tanker manual refs 3.7, 3.8, 3.30.4, 3.30.5, 4.14, 6.3 and 8.5).ISGOTT (tanker manual refs 3.7, 3.8, 3.30.4, 3.30.5, 4.14, 6.3 and 8.5).
Another non-Company checklist to be used is for crude oil washing. SuchAnother non-Company checklist to be used is for crude oil washing. Such
a form will be available in the COW operating manual carried onboard (ref .a form will be available in the COW operating manual carried onboard (ref .
Oil Tanker Operating Instructions 11.9).Oil Tanker Operating Instructions 11.9).

6.5. RESPONSIBILITIES6.5. RESPONSIBILITIES
Section 2 of Oil Tanker Operating Instructions defines the responsibilitiesSection 2 of Oil Tanker Operating Instructions defines the responsibilities
(in relation to tanker operations) of the following personnel:(in relation to tanker operations) of the following personnel:
 Master:Master: e.g. supervision of cargo system and checking cargo planse.g. supervision of cargo system and checking cargo plans
 Chief Officer:Chief Officer: e.g. preparing the cargo plan, monitoring and controle.g. preparing the cargo plan, monitoring and control ofof
cargo operations, personal supervision, producing written instructioncargo operations, personal supervision, producing written instruction
and checking stress/stability.and checking stress/stability.
 2nd & 3rd Officers:2nd & 3rd Officers: e.g. monitoring of cargo operations as instructed bye.g. monitoring of cargo operations as instructed by
the Chief Officer and ensuring that a proper watch is maintained.the Chief Officer and ensuring that a proper watch is maintained.
 Chief Engineer:Chief Engineer: e.g. maintenance of equipment and advising the Chiefe.g. maintenance of equipment and advising the Chief
Officer of any bunker or other transfer to take place.Officer of any bunker or other transfer to take place.
 Pump man and Ratings:Pump man and Ratings: assisting in cargo operations as required by theassisting in cargo operations as required by the
Chief OfficerChief Officer
There are examples of incidents occurring where the Chief Officer has delegatedThere are examples of incidents occurring where the Chief Officer has delegated
various responsible tasks to ratings instead of the deck officer.various responsible tasks to ratings instead of the deck officer.
The use of the word “assist” in relation to the pump man and ratings is not intended to detractThe use of the word “assist” in relation to the pump man and ratings is not intended to detract
from the responsibility of the officers who are trained and experienced in cargo handling.from the responsibility of the officers who are trained and experienced in cargo handling.

6.6. FAILURE OF EQUIPMENT6.6. FAILURE OF EQUIPMENT
There are many important items of equipment that are used in cargoThere are many important items of equipment that are used in cargo
operations. If one or more of these were to fail or not be operated correctly aoperations. If one or more of these were to fail or not be operated correctly a
pollution incident could easily occur. These items have two or more things inpollution incident could easily occur. These items have two or more things in
common with each other that directly effect their operation:common with each other that directly effect their operation:
 Planned Maintenance (effectively carried out)Planned Maintenance (effectively carried out)
 Routine Testing (part of PMP or as required before operations)Routine Testing (part of PMP or as required before operations)
 CalibrationCalibration
 Understanding the correct use (read the instruction manuals)Understanding the correct use (read the instruction manuals)
 Following procedures correctly (read the relevant sections of the VMS)Following procedures correctly (read the relevant sections of the VMS)
Reference to the above is to be found throughout the VMSReference to the above is to be found throughout the VMS

7.7. Bunker OperationsBunker Operations
the main problems refer to:the main problems refer to:
•• Insufficient planningInsufficient planning
•• Failure to monitor operations correctlyFailure to monitor operations correctly
•• Poor use of checklistsPoor use of checklists
•• ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities
•• Failure of equipmentFailure of equipment
•• ComplacencyComplacency
All bunker procedures are contained in the Fleet Operating Manual, Ch 6, SectAll bunker procedures are contained in the Fleet Operating Manual, Ch 6, Sect..7.27.2
For further details of bunkering operations including specific responsibilities,For further details of bunkering operations including specific responsibilities,
bunkering plan andbunkering plan and checklist pleasechecklist please click hereclick here
(Some key points(Some key points related to Oil Pollutionrelated to Oil Pollution PreventionPrevention are listed in the followingare listed in the following
slides)slides)::

 Bunker filling limits :Bunker filling limits :
 Tanks up to 700m3 = 90%Tanks up to 700m3 = 90%
 Tanks over 700m3 = 95%Tanks over 700m3 = 95%
 Tanks with known air-locking difficulties = 90%Tanks with known air-locking difficulties = 90%
 Responsibilities:Responsibilities:
 MasterMaster; to ensure all regulations complied with; to ensure all regulations complied with
 Chief OfficerChief Officer; to deploy pollution prevention equipment; to deploy pollution prevention equipment
 Chief EngineerChief Engineer: to plan and supervise as well as ensure all: to plan and supervise as well as ensure all
equipment is in good order.equipment is in good order. This responsibility cannot beThis responsibility cannot be
delegated.delegated. He must also ensure theHe must also ensure the designated persondesignated person is awareis aware
of valve settings, ullages (present and final), quantities to beof valve settings, ullages (present and final), quantities to be
bunkered, flow rates, communications and filling sequencebunkered, flow rates, communications and filling sequence
 Designated Person in ChargeDesignated Person in Charge: must be a qualified engineer: must be a qualified engineer
nominated by the C/Eng and effectively responsible directly tonominated by the C/Eng and effectively responsible directly to
the Chief Engineer for the bunkering operationthe Chief Engineer for the bunkering operation
 Deck Watch: aDeck Watch: at least one person to be stationed by the hoset least one person to be stationed by the hose
connection and checking for kinking, chafing or leakage. Anotherconnection and checking for kinking, chafing or leakage. Another
person to check moorings and leaks from vents, overflow pipes etc.person to check moorings and leaks from vents, overflow pipes etc.

 Bunkering Plan:Bunkering Plan: Chief Engineer to prepare planChief Engineer to prepare plan that comprisesthat comprises;;
 The identification, location and capacity of tanks to beThe identification, location and capacity of tanks to be loadedloaded
 Initial, final and %Initial, final and %--age level of each tankage level of each tank
 Sequence to be loadedSequence to be loaded
 Procedures to monitor tank levels and valve settingsProcedures to monitor tank levels and valve settings
 CCopy of the bunkering plan to be displayed during operationsopy of the bunkering plan to be displayed during operations
 Training:Training: The “designated person in charge” is to conduct regular trainingThe “designated person in charge” is to conduct regular training
sessions for all those involved in bunkering operations. For the state ofsessions for all those involved in bunkering operations. For the state of
Washington, names of attendees are to be recorded. Training is to includeWashington, names of attendees are to be recorded. Training is to include
the following:the following:
 The pre-bunkering planThe pre-bunkering plan
 Description of the bunkering system (i.e. lines, valves etc)Description of the bunkering system (i.e. lines, valves etc)
 Discussion regarding penalties for non-compliance and spillsDiscussion regarding penalties for non-compliance and spills
 Oil transfer procedures, including responsibilitiesOil transfer procedures, including responsibilities
 English phrases or hand signals used for communicationEnglish phrases or hand signals used for communication
 Emergency shutdownEmergency shutdown proceduresprocedures

 Pre-transfer preparation –Pre-transfer preparation – thethe procedure which includes…procedure which includes…
 understanding the planning, characteristics and limitations ofunderstanding the planning, characteristics and limitations of
equipmentequipment
 the requirements of MARPOL Annex VIthe requirements of MARPOL Annex VI
 ensuring that all air vents are open/free according to designensuring that all air vents are open/free according to design
 ensuring that proper fitting bolts and gaskets are preparedensuring that proper fitting bolts and gaskets are prepared
 ensuring that all unused manifolds are correctly blankedensuring that all unused manifolds are correctly blanked
 ensuring ullage/sounding equipment in good orderensuring ullage/sounding equipment in good order
 use the bunkering operation checklist (TEC08 or TEC08a)use the bunkering operation checklist (TEC08 or TEC08a)

Pre-transfer Conference:Pre-transfer Conference: held to discuss the following:held to discuss the following:
 procedures for communications between ship and deliveryprocedures for communications between ship and delivery
vessel/facility (e.g. advising when changing tanks and topping off)vessel/facility (e.g. advising when changing tanks and topping off)
 emergency shutdown procedures (both ship and deliveryemergency shutdown procedures (both ship and delivery
vessel/facility)vessel/facility)
 identification of point of transfer and roving watchmen to deliveryidentification of point of transfer and roving watchmen to delivery
vessel/facilityvessel/facility
 loading rates and time required to stop pumpingloading rates and time required to stop pumping

 Bunkering ChecklistsBunkering Checklists
Using the checklist TEC 08 correctly is the best way ofUsing the checklist TEC 08 correctly is the best way of
guaranteeing a safe bunkering operation.guaranteeing a safe bunkering operation.
Note that in Washington State waters a separate checklist,Note that in Washington State waters a separate checklist,
TEC 08a, is to be used.TEC 08a, is to be used.
 Starting the TransferStarting the Transfer
• Person in charge on ship to advise person in charge at facilityPerson in charge on ship to advise person in charge at facility
that operations about to commencethat operations about to commence
• Valves and lines to be set by a nominated person and thenValves and lines to be set by a nominated person and then
double-checked by the designated person in chargedouble-checked by the designated person in charge
• Valves not used for the operation to remain closed and blankedValves not used for the operation to remain closed and blanked
manifold connections to be checked for tightnessmanifold connections to be checked for tightness
• Operation to commence slowly and checks to ensure oil goingOperation to commence slowly and checks to ensure oil going
into correct tanks before increasing the rateinto correct tanks before increasing the rate

 During TransferDuring Transfer
 Keep regular communicationKeep regular communication
 Keep rate safe and within agreed limitsKeep rate safe and within agreed limits
 Check rate by taking regular soundingsCheck rate by taking regular soundings
 Make frequent checks of connections and for leaksMake frequent checks of connections and for leaks
 Monitor tanks not being bunkered to ensure oil entering only intoMonitor tanks not being bunkered to ensure oil entering only into
correct tankscorrect tanks
 Shut down if:Shut down if:
 fire at or near shipfire at or near ship
 local thunder and lightning stormslocal thunder and lightning storms
 sea conditions not suitablesea conditions not suitable
 burst of pipe or overflowburst of pipe or overflow
 any unexpected soundings or level alarmsany unexpected soundings or level alarms
Flow Surges :Flow Surges :
changes in the pumping rate and the closure of valves must be gradual andchanges in the pumping rate and the closure of valves must be gradual and
planned to prevent pressure surges resulting in damage to the pipelineplanned to prevent pressure surges resulting in damage to the pipeline
system. Care also to be taken at end of operation when blowing throughsystem. Care also to be taken at end of operation when blowing through

Topping OffTopping Off
The designated person in charge is to supervise topping off and:The designated person in charge is to supervise topping off and:
• give notice to the bunkering facility/vessel when readygive notice to the bunkering facility/vessel when ready
• reduce flow rate before and during topping offreduce flow rate before and during topping off
• test and maintain communicationstest and maintain communications
• call more crew members if requiredcall more crew members if required
• when shutting down, ensure that the bunker vessel/facilitywhen shutting down, ensure that the bunker vessel/facility
valves are closed before the ship’s own valves are shutvalves are closed before the ship’s own valves are shut
CompletionCompletion
The designated person in charge must check personally that:The designated person in charge must check personally that:
- all tank valves are closed and vents operational- all tank valves are closed and vents operational
- all openings are closed and tight to protect against entry of sea waterall openings are closed and tight to protect against entry of sea water
- the pipelines and hoses/arms between the ship and bunker facilitythe pipelines and hoses/arms between the ship and bunker facility
have been clearedhave been cleared
- sufficient ullage space is available before draining lines to ship’s- sufficient ullage space is available before draining lines to ship’s
tanks before disconnecting arms/hoses,tanks before disconnecting arms/hoses,
- drain cock to be opened and drained to save-alls- drain cock to be opened and drained to save-alls
- manifold blanks securely fitted after disconnection- manifold blanks securely fitted after disconnection

14. Oil Pollution Act 1990 (OPA 90)14. Oil Pollution Act 1990 (OPA 90)
- authorized as an Act by the- authorized as an Act by the
United States Congress in 1990United States Congress in 1990
- produced as a result of:- produced as a result of:
- Marine Pollution and in particular- Marine Pollution and in particular
of the M.V. Exxon Valdez incidentof the M.V. Exxon Valdez incident
- series of amendments to the USseries of amendments to the US
Federal anti-pollution acts knownFederal anti-pollution acts known
as the Federal Water Pollutionas the Federal Water Pollution
Control ActControl Act

The OPA 90 requirement;The OPA 90 requirement;
All Vessels carrying oil inAll Vessels carrying oil in
bulk as a cargo into Unitedbulk as a cargo into United
States waters must have anStates waters must have an
approved Vessel Responseapproved Vessel Response
Plan (VRP) on boardPlan (VRP) on board..
Under OPA 90, the clean-up must be carried out by the organisation, which
spilled the oil, this organisation is known as the ‘Responsible Party’ - this is
any person owning, operating or demise-chartering the vessel concerned.

The Key elements of the OPA 90 Vessel Response Plan (VRP):The Key elements of the OPA 90 Vessel Response Plan (VRP):
 general information about the shipgeneral information about the ship
 notification procedures and contact numbersnotification procedures and contact numbers
 onboard spill mitigation proceduresonboard spill mitigation procedures
 shore based response activitiesshore based response activities
 a list of contactsa list of contacts
 training procedurestraining procedures
 drill proceduresdrill procedures
 plan review and update proceduresplan review and update procedures
 specific information for each US Coast Guard Zonespecific information for each US Coast Guard Zone
 an appendix for vessel specific informationan appendix for vessel specific information
The OPA 90 VRP consists of the ship's MARPOL SOPEP but contains
additional information on the shore based organisations and individuals that
are named in it. Some states have requirements that are more rigorous than
those defined in OPA 90.

In the event of a discharge or threat of a dischargeIn the event of a discharge or threat of a discharge
of oil from the vessel, the U.S.C.G. operated NRCof oil from the vessel, the U.S.C.G. operated NRC
(National Response Centre) in Washington DC(National Response Centre) in Washington DC
should be notified by the ship immediately (evenshould be notified by the ship immediately (even
prior to calling company head office).prior to calling company head office).
Failure to make such notification will makeFailure to make such notification will make
the Master personally liable to criminalthe Master personally liable to criminal
prosecutionprosecution

The detailed course on OPA 90 shipboardThe detailed course on OPA 90 shipboard
and shore based organization for dealingand shore based organization for dealing
with oil discharges click:with oil discharges click:
”Marine Pollution Prevention OPA 90”.”Marine Pollution Prevention OPA 90”. pptppt
andand
”Marine Pollution and Prevention OPA 90 Course”Marine Pollution and Prevention OPA 90 Course
Notes”Notes”

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