Makers: Shubham Yadav, Aniket Dwivedi, Vedant Babade presentation on internet of things (IOT) for seminar presentation and school projects. included future of iot with its different application history and many more things.

3. What is IoT ?
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are
embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and
exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,
creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based
systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants,
biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in sensors,
DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or field operation devices that assist
fire-fighters in search and rescue operations.

4. According to the McKinsey report “Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life,
business, and the global economy“, the Internet of things (IoT) is one of the top three technological
advancements of the next decade (together with the mobile internet and the automation of
knowledge work).
The idea is that not only your computer and your smartphone can talk to each other, but also all the
things around you. From connected homes and cities to connected cars and machines to devices that
track an individual’s behavior and use the data collected for new kind of services.

5. History of Internet of
Things :
• Machines have been providing direct communications since the Telegraph was
developed in the 1830s & 1840s.
• Described as “ Wireless telegraphy”, the first radio voice transmission took place
on June 3, 1900.
• The Internet, itself a significant component of the IoT, started out as part of
DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1962, and evolved into
ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agent Network) in 1969.
• In the 1980s commercial service providers began supporting public use of
ARPANET, allowing it to evolve into our modern Internet. Satellites and Landlines
provide basic communications for much of the IoT.
• The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed in early 1980s, with a
modified Coca-Cola Vending Machine at Carnegie Mellon University.

6. History of Internet of Things :
• In the early days, the idea was often called “embedded internet” or “pervasive
computing”. Kevin Ashton , co-founder of the Auto-ID (for Automatic Identification)
Center at MIT coined the term “Internet of things “.
• His definition of IoT was based on reinventing RFID(Radio Frequency
Identification) as a networking technology by linking objects to the internet using
the RFID tag.
• Kevin Ashton believed RFID was a prerequisite for the Internet of Things.
• Because the internet was the hottest new trend in 1999 and because it somehow
made sense, he called his presentation “Internet of Things”.
• Now, IoT has evolved into a system using multiple technologies across dozen of
industries.

7. Evolution of Internet of Things :
• Year 1999: Device to Device (D2D) communication as a concept was coined by
Bill Joy as part of his “Six Webs” framework at the World Economic Forum.
• Year 2000: LG Internet Digital DIOS, the first Internet-connected refrigerator in
the world was invented. The refrigerator used a LAN port for IP connectivity.
• Year 2001: David Brock, co-director at the Auto-ID Center, MIT, proposed a new
object identification scheme, the Electronic Product Code (EPC).
• Year 2005: The faculty at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII), Italy, invents
a single-board microcontroller to be used in interactive projects being developed
their students.
• Year 2008: Different industry stakeholders come together to form the IPSO
Alliance to promote connected devices. This was a big leap towards having the
implemented for large scale business in real production setups.
• And now, we have connected home, connected cars, IoT enabled manufacturing
plants, and IoT based solar Panels.

8. HOW IOT
WORKS ?
A complete IOT system consists of four distinct
components .
 Sensors / Devices .
 Connectivity .
 Data processing .
 User Interface .

9. Sensors / Devices :
Sensors collect the data from their
environment . This could be simple as temperature
reading . For example : our phone has multiple
sensors as camera , accelerometer , GPS .
Connectivity :
Next the data is send to the cloud , but is
need a way to get there ! The sensors can be
connected to the cloud using variety of methods
including : Cellular , Satellite , Wi-Fi , Bluetooth
or direct connecting to internet via Ethernet .

10. Data Processing :
Once the data get to the cloud , the software
performs some kind of processing on it .
This could be very simple or very complex .
User Interface :
Next the information is made useful to the end-user
in some way . This could be via an alert to the user
through e-mail, text , notification etc. for example , a
Text alert when temperature is too high .

11. Architechture Of IOT :
Basically , there are three IOT
Architechture layers :
1. The Client Side (IOT device layer)
2. Operators on the server side
(IOT Gateway Layer)
3. A pathway for connecting clients
and operators (IOT platform layer)

12. All above mentioned layers are mentioned in 4
stages of IOT Architechture :
 Sensors And Actuators .
 Internet Gateway and Data Acquisiton system .
 Edge IT .
 Data center and Cloud .

13. The Four Stage IOT Architechture :

14. Stage 1 . Networked things ( Wireless sensors
and actuators )
The outstanding feature about sensors is that they
can convert the info obtained in outer world into
data for the analysis . In other words its important to
start with inclusion of sensors in 4 stages , to get the
info in an appearance that can be actually processed
.
The Actuators are the devices that are able to
intervene the physical reality . For eg : they an switch
off the light in the room.

15. Stage 2 . Sensor data aggregation systems and
analog to digital data conversion
Even though this stage remains in working with sensors
and actuators , Internet Gateways and data acquisition
systems (DAS) appears here too .
The vital importance of this stage is to process the
enormous amount of info collected from previous
stage and squeeze it to optimal size for the further
analysis .
Thus we can say that Stage 2 makes data both
digitalized and aggregated .

16. Stage 3 . The appearance of Edge IT system
 During this stage the prepared data is transferred to the IT
world .
 In particular , edge IT systems perform enhanced analytics and
pre-processing here .
 It refers to machine learning and visualisation techniques .
 This stage is closely linked to the previous phases in building
the IOT architechture , thus it is located close where the
actuators and sensors are situated , creating a wiring closet .

17. Stage 4 . Analysis , management and storage of data
 The main process of the last stage happens in data center or cloud .
 Precisely it enables , in-depth processing , along with a follow up
revesion for feed back .
 The phase already includes the analytical skills of highest rank , both in
digital and human world .
 After meeting all the quality standards and requirements , the
information is brought back to the physical world , but in processed and
precisely analysed appearance already .

18. Applications of Internet of Things :
• Building and Home Automation
• Manufacturing
• Medical and Healthcare systems
• Media
• Environmental Monitoring
• Transportion

19. IoT Analysis of Cattle Activity :
• IoT solutions let farmers closely monitor the health of their livestock.
• Solutions generally employ livestock wearable connecting to a gateway using a low-cost, low-
bandwidth technology to stream data to the cloud.
• Connected sensors in the wearable can monitor blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate,
digestion, temperature and other vitals that allow a farmer to be alerted at the first sign of
illness.
• Without IoT monitoring, problems like a feed issue or illness in a herd may go undetected
until one or more animals require veterinary care.
• With sensors continuously measuring each individual animal’s condition and behaviour, farmers
can avoid those costs by taking corrective action sooner. For example, a cow’s temperature could
rise enough to trigger an alert well before the farmer notices a change in behaviour.

20. Smart Parking System :
• Smart Parking involves the use of low-cost sensors, real-time data and mobile
applications that help users to monitor available and unavailable parking spots.
• The end goal is to automate and decrease time spent manually searching for the optimal
parking floor, spot and lot.
• Some solutions will integrate a complete suite of services such as advance booking,
online payments, parking time notifications and even car searching functionalities for
very large lots.

21. Smart Parking System :
• Small sensors can be mounted on the road
surface with mechanical impact protection and
high ingress protection. These sensors have high
battery life to run for years.
• Sensors can directly send real time data to the
cloud using gateway. One base station can give
service to thousands of devices around a range of
several kilometres in an urban environment.
• Besides, the sensor model has been optimized for
really low-power operation, so the battery
lifetime is extended up to 10 years easily.
• Also, some sensors can communicate the nearby
gateway which in turn send data to cloud.

22. IoT in Advertising :
• The employment of IoT devices and networks is making marketers a pro in ad
targeting on personal levels. We never realise when we mention a certain product
that it’s already popping up in places you might not expect. Let's take a look at
the Role of IoT in Advertising.
• Roles of IoT in Advertising :
1. Contextual Targeting
2. Advertising inside stores
3. Advertising on the basis of
Location
4. Intent Advertising
5. Interactive Advertising

23. Future of IoT:
More than 70 billion devices will be connected with
the IOT worldwide by 2025.
Routers will become more secure to block unwanted
access.
$1.1 Trillion will be spent on IoT on 2023.
IoT market to reach $1111.3 billion by 2026.
94% of businesses will use IoT by the end of 2021 .

24. Advantages of
Iot:
Efficient resource utilization
Minimize human effort
Save time
Save Money
Better health care and management
Security

25. Disadvantages of
IoT:
 Security
 Privacy
 Complexity
 Unemployment

26. Social distancing device using Arduino
Required components:
A. Arduino uno
B. Ultrasonic sensor(hc-sr04)
C. Buzzer
D. Vibrating disc
E. 9v battery
F. Jumper wires

27. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

28. CODE
// code for social distancing project
int const trigPin = 4;
int const echoPin = 3;
int const buzzPin = 2;
int const motorPin = 5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(buzzPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
}

29. CODE
void loop()
{
int duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delay(1);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1; //formula
if (distance <= 60)
{
digitalWrite(buzzPin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(buzzPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
}
delay(60);
}

30. Career in IoT:
Careers in IoT are relatively new and deals a lot with innovation. Since it is an uncharted territory,it need
brain power of lot of engineers to define and develop it properly.
With increase in the number of connected devices IOT has ventured successfully in domains and seen rapid
progression
There have also been exceptional efforts by the government & private corporations to establish smart cities
in india resulting in demand for IOT professionals.
2007 2010 2014 2017 2020
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
2007 2010 2014 2017 2020

31. Jobs and salary trends:
Application programming is the most paid job in India
standing at an average of ₹ 13 lac pa whereas in the US its
at an average of $69,315 pa.
Engineering design professionals an average of ₹ 11.6
lac pa in India and $79,915 pa in the US.
Company pays an average of ₹ 10 lac in India and an
average of $71,460 pa in the US for system
programming.
Embedded technologies pays an average of ₹ 8.2 lac pa
in India but in the us it’s the highest paid in this
sector with an average salary of $89,000pa.
salary in India
salary in India salary in US

32. References:
1. www.google.co.in
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
3. www.edureka.com
4. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is
Changing Everything, by Dave Evans, April 2011.
5. www.theinternetofthings.eu
6. www.oracle.com/internet-of-things
7. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service", by Shyam Varan Nath, Principal
Architect.

33. Conclusion:
 Iot has moved human’s life in a more
efficient and complex way.
 Make human’s life be more rely on
technology, but also solve many problems
by technicalization.
 Apply the IoT and adopt it,but don’t forget
to humanity as well.