Presentación para IFLA

1. Power to the people!
Introducing Open Linked Data services to the national legal
database of the Library of the National Congress of Chile
8.16.2012

2. Legislation
Legislation is public information…
… and must be of public domain

3. Legislation
Juridical certainty
certitude of the content of the legal norm

4. Legislation
50’s
card based compilation of references of links between
norms and classified them by subject

5. Legislation
80´s
the card system was replaced by an automated STAIRS
based system
midst 90’s
the system was replaced by a client-server BASIS PLUS
architecture, which could reconstruct online the whole texts
of the norms

6. LeyChile
Released 2008

7. LeyChile
Official Gazette Library of the National
Library of the National
Official Gazette
Congress of Chile
Congress of Chile
Ley 22000
Ley 22000 (original)
(original)
1.- abc
1.- abc 1.- abc
1.- abc
2.- def
2.- def 2.- def
2.- def
3.- ghi
3.- ghi 3.- ghi
3.- ghi
Ley 22000
Ley 22000

8. LeyChile
Official Gazette Library of the National
Library of the National
Official Gazette
Congress of Chile
Congress of Chile
Ley 25345 (original)
(original)
Ley 25345 1.- abc
1.- Modifica
1.- Modifica 1.- abc
ley 22000 2.- def
2.- def
ley 22000 3.- ghi
Art. 11
Art. Ley 22000 3.- ghi
sustitúyase aa Ley 22000
sustitúyase
por xyz
por xyz (updated)
(updated)
Ley 25345
Ley 25345 1.- xyzbc
1.- xyzbc
2.- def
2.- def
3.- ghi
3.- ghi
Ley 25345
Ley 25345
1.- Modifica
1.- Modifica
ley 22000
ley 22000
Art. 11
Art.
sustitúyase aa
sustitúyase
por xyz
por xyz

9. LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm

10. LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm

11. LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm

12. LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm

13. LeyChile
Modeling the “life” of a legal norm

14. LeyChile
Modeling the “structure” of a legal norm

15. LeyChile
XML
Text: versions, hyperlinks, references, notes
Structure: Hierarchical organization of the parts of a norm
Metadata: additional information of the formal document,
such as identification of the norm, subjects, free retrieval
terms, etc.

16. LeyChile: our offer to humans

17. LeyChile: our offer to machines
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)

18. LeyChile: our offer to machines
WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)
Links, widgets, web services (http://llevatelo.bcn.cl)

19. LeyChile: is it possible to incorporate linked-
open data (LOD)?
Natural extension
Improve interoperability (more formats)
Create domain ontologíes
Offer a solution to complex queries using a SPARQL endpoint
First step: expose metadata of the norms

20. LOD principles: URIs
Careful design (acts, laws, decrees, rules, resolutions…)
FRBR
Work
Work ley 20000
ley 20000
1
N
updated version
updated version
Expression
Expression for year 2012
for year 2012
1
N
Manisfestation
Manisfestation file XML
file XML
1
N
physical XML in
physical XML in
Item
Item one specific server
one specific server

21. LOD principles: URIs
Decree 341; published november 11, 2008; of the Ministry of Education
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341
Original version
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07
Another version
http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20

22. LOD principles: RDF

23. LOD principles: links
Relations to other datasets: countries (International Treaties)
DBPedia, Geonames
Vocabulary/Ontologies reuse
SKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG

24. Complex query
Find all the ordinances published by a municipality between
1995 and 2000 that were modified after 2005
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#>
PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#>
SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?
SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?
Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?
Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?
Fecha_modificacion
Fecha_modificacion
WHERE {
WHERE {
?norm
?norm n:createdBy
n:createdBy ?creator .
?creator .
?creator
?creator n:hasName
n:hasName ?creatorName .
?creatorName .
?norm
?norm dc:title
dc:title ?normTitle .
?normTitle .
?norm
?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate .
n:publishDate ?pubDate .
?norm
?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm .
n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm .
?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther .
?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther .
FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i"))
FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i"))
FILTER (?pubDate
FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") &&
> xsd:date("1995") &&
?pubDate
?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") &&
< xsd:date("2000") &&
?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))
?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))
}
}
ORDER BY (?pubDate)
ORDER BY (?pubDate)

25. http://datos.bcn.cl
First step finished in may 2011
More than 300.000 norms exported
≈27 triples by norm
≈8 million triples
200 to 400 triples added each day

26. David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno
abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y
Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012
“Open data does not create its own demand. The government
should compromise the developers”

27. Visualizations

28. Visualizations

29. Third party development

30. Third party development
Source: Orand. S.A.

31. Actual and future work
More datasets at the endpoint: biographies, transparency,
geographical data, history of the law, legislative
documents…
Expose parts of a legal norm and their metadata

32. Visualizations

33. Complex queries made easy

34. Findings
Open data, open linked data, semantic web is more than a
technology… it is a way of managing information
Visualization is not a final product, is a feedback process of
data “ablution” and improving the visualization
Creates value for ourselves 1
Many technical details and challenges remain unsolved 1
1.- David Robinson and
Harlan Yu in “El desafío
hacia el gobierno abierto
en la hora de la
igualdad”, Gastón
Concha y Alejandra
Naser (eds.), Santiago,
CEPAL, 2012

35. Power to the people!
Introducing Open Linked Data services to the national legal
database of the Library of the National Congress of Chile
8.16.2012