2 introduction to data structure

using Java
2015
Data Structure
Prepared by: Mahmoud Rafeek Al-farra
in Java
2. Introduction to data structure

mfarra.cst.ps www.fb.com/MahmoudRFarra
Contents
Big - Oh notation
Generic programming
Collection Classes
Applications of data structure
What is data structure ?

 Data Structure:
 Abstract way to organize information.
 A collection of basic data types.
 Algorithm:
 Abstract way to perform computation tasks.

 Classification of data structure:
Data
Structure
Structure
Linear
Non-Linear
Memory
Allocation
Static
Dynamic

Linear data structure
Linked List
Stack
Queue

Non-Linear data structure
Tree
Graph
Heap

Static memory allocation
 Static memory allocation means the program must
obtain its space before the execution and can not
obtain more while or after execution.
 Example:
 array data structure

Dynamic memory allocation
 The dynamic memory allocation is the ability for a
program to obtain more memory space at execution
time to hold new nodes and to release space no longer
needed.
 Dynamic data structures as:
 Array lists, Vectors
 Linked Lists
 Stacks, Queues
 Trees, Heaps

Applications of data structure
 Priority Queue: in banks, restaurants, …
 Hash Tables: in banks for combining two or more
accounts for matching Social Security Numbers.
 Family Tree
 Country Map
 Queue of tasks
 Order of operations in computer

Generic programming
 Generic programming refers to writing code that will
work for many types of data.
 Generics let you parameterize types.
 With this capability, you can define a class or a
method with generic types that the compiler can
replace with concrete types.

Generic programming
 For example:
 Java defines a generic ArrayList class for
storing the elements of a generic type.
 From this generic class, you can create an
ArrayList object for holding strings and an
ArrayList object for holding numbers.
 Here, strings and numbers are concrete types
that replace the generic type.

Collections
 A Collection is a data type that is capable of holding
a group of items.
 The Collection interface defines the common
operations for lists, vectors, stacks, queues, priority
queues, and sets.
 In Java, Collection classes can be implemented as a
class, along with methods to add, remove, and
examine items.
 Think about a bag

Collection Classes
 A bag can be put in its initial state, which is an empty
bag.
 Numbers can be added into the bag.
 You may check how many occurrences of a certain
number are in the bag.
 Numbers can be removed from the bag.
 You can check how many numbers are in the bag.
All the interfaces and classes defined in the Java Collections
Framework are grouped in the java.util package.

Collection Classes
Examples
Collection classes in Java
Array List
Stack
Queue
List
Linked List
Heap
Sets store a group of nonduplicate elements.
Lists store an ordered collection of elements.
Stacks store objects that are processed in a last-in, first-out fashion.
Queues store objects that are processed in a first-in, first-out fashion.
PriorityQueues store objects that are processed in the order of their priorities.

Collection Classes

Collection Test
import java.util.*;
public class TestCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> collection1 = new ArrayList<>();
collection1.add("New York");
collection1.add("Atlanta");
System.out.println("A list of cities in collection1:");
System.out.println(collection1);
System.out.println("nIs Dallas in collection1? "+ collection1.contains("Dallas"));
collection1.remove("Dallas");
System.out.println("n" + collection1.size() + " cities are in collection1 now");
Collection<String> collection2 = new ArrayList<>();
collection2.add("Seattle");
collection2.add("Portland");
System.out.println("nA list of cities in collection2:");
System.out.println(collection2);

Collection Test
The Collection interface contains the methods for manipulating the elements
in a collection.

Big - Oh notation
 We might be satisfied with evaluating the performance
or complexity of data structures by precisely counting
the number of statements executed or objects
referenced.
 We adopt special notation to define upper bounds
and lower bounds on functions.
 In CS, usually the functions we are bounding are
running times, memory requirements.

Big - Oh notation

using Java
2015
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2 introduction to data structure

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