Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated .pdfnipuns1983
Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated in the diencephalon The
pineal gland is located within the epithalamus, while the pituitary gland is attached to the
hypothalamus via the infundibulum Limbic system is associated with emotion, memory,
olfaction and also with drives and autonomic regulation Hippocampus of the limbic system
transfers short term memory to long term memory
Solution
Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated in the diencephalon The
pineal gland is located within the epithalamus, while the pituitary gland is attached to the
hypothalamus via the infundibulum Limbic system is associated with emotion, memory,
olfaction and also with drives and autonomic regulation Hippocampus of the limbic system
transfers short term memory to long term memory.
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to wa.pdfnipuns1983
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to water that leads to increase
in water re absorption that leads to decrease in water excretion ADH secreted by hypothalamus
and storeed in posterior pituitary gland Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion caused by
decreasing the production of ADH from posterior pituitary or ectopic sources Clinical features
are increasing blood volume,decresed urinary excretion of water that leads to overhydration
Diabetes insipidus complete or partial failure to ADH secretion,polyurea,polydipsia are seen as
clinical features. Diuretics are drugs used to increase water excretion.
Solution
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to water that leads to increase
in water re absorption that leads to decrease in water excretion ADH secreted by hypothalamus
and storeed in posterior pituitary gland Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion caused by
decreasing the production of ADH from posterior pituitary or ectopic sources Clinical features
are increasing blood volume,decresed urinary excretion of water that leads to overhydration
Diabetes insipidus complete or partial failure to ADH secretion,polyurea,polydipsia are seen as
clinical features. Diuretics are drugs used to increase water excretion..
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill pa.pdfnipuns1983
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill patients. These are helpful for
treating chronically mentally ill patients of our society.
Partnership model: in which the one is treated individually and allow solving the problems by
oneself.
Continuity of care: mentally ill patients need extensive care so they will begin to behave
normally if the care is prolonged. This may happen because of emotional attachment.
Education for patient: this is also a very important part. Education with creativity helps the
patients to be busy in activities and gradual storming the brain by this method is very productive
for treatment of patients.
Safety measures: mentally ill patients are not well aware about threats and safety will bring long
life to them.
Evolve surviving skills: there are many necessary skills are needed to develop in such patients.
These skills bring positivity in such patients and rise livingness in them.
Communication capability: this needs to enhance in each mentally ill patients.
Social network: making social network of mentally ill patients included normal people too, can
bring lot of positivity among them.
Solution
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill patients. These are helpful for
treating chronically mentally ill patients of our society.
Partnership model: in which the one is treated individually and allow solving the problems by
oneself.
Continuity of care: mentally ill patients need extensive care so they will begin to behave
normally if the care is prolonged. This may happen because of emotional attachment.
Education for patient: this is also a very important part. Education with creativity helps the
patients to be busy in activities and gradual storming the brain by this method is very productive
for treatment of patients.
Safety measures: mentally ill patients are not well aware about threats and safety will bring long
life to them.
Evolve surviving skills: there are many necessary skills are needed to develop in such patients.
These skills bring positivity in such patients and rise livingness in them.
Communication capability: this needs to enhance in each mentally ill patients.
Social network: making social network of mentally ill patients included normal people too, can
bring lot of positivity among them..
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then exci.pdfnipuns1983
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then excites the electrons to the higher
energy state by absorbing photons from the sunlight. At the higher energy state, these electrons
are accepted by a electron acceptor that through series of electron transport chain donates the
electrons to the PSI. In doing so it generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
Then the electrons are again excited to higher energy state from PSI with absorption of photon
from the sunlight. At higher energy state, the elctrons are accepted by electron acceptor. This
donates the electron transport chain through seroes of protein, which produces NADPH in this
process.
By this way the energy from the sunlight is converted into the chemical energy in the NADPH
reducing equivalents.
Solution
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then excites the electrons to the higher
energy state by absorbing photons from the sunlight. At the higher energy state, these electrons
are accepted by a electron acceptor that through series of electron transport chain donates the
electrons to the PSI. In doing so it generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
Then the electrons are again excited to higher energy state from PSI with absorption of photon
from the sunlight. At higher energy state, the elctrons are accepted by electron acceptor. This
donates the electron transport chain through seroes of protein, which produces NADPH in this
process.
By this way the energy from the sunlight is converted into the chemical energy in the NADPH
reducing equivalents..
The Sarbanes-Oxlet act (SOX) was primarily enacted following the Enr.pdfnipuns1983
The Sarbanes-Oxlet act (SOX) was primarily enacted following the Enron and other scandals. It
basically sought to remove the compliance and audit gaps that may lead to the same kind or
scandals in future. This is considering the fact that these scandals lead to losses worth trillion
dollars to the investors and the general public and hurts the image of corporates and government
identically.
The SOX was enacted for US corporations and sought to tighten accounting, financial reporting
and audit practices to strengthen the basic foundations that may lead to humongous
consequences. However the basic difference was that this act only was implemented to the
corporations and management alike.
The following were the major points which impacted corporations financial reports in a way that
set a benchmark for all future compliances:
This was basically set up to oversee the funtioning of independent audit firms which do
compliance and financial audit for the specific companies. It was taken care that there the
auditors be registered and there be specific set and defined processes which should be followed.
All systems for process, compliance, quality control etc. were put in place to prevent any further
slippage and mistake.
This takes care of the utmost factor of independence of the audit firms. It seeks to minimize the
conflict of interest that may arise in the event that a particular audit firm auditing the company is
already providing some said non-audit service to the company. This is taken care of by this
provision.
This basically takes care of micro-reporting of sorts. There are enhanced reporting of all
financial transactions i.e. off-balance-sheet transactions, any stock transactions of corporate
management etc. The point also mandates strict internal controls for disclosures, and accuracy of
the financial reports. It specifies audit controls and enhanced reviews by the SEC or its agents.
This includes measures related to help and restore investor confidence. This paves way for
investor confidence in reporting of securities analyst. This also mandates disclosures of conflict
of interests is any and code of conduct for these analysts.
This consists of sections which require the SEC with the Comptroller General to report specific
findings. These reports include the effect of credit rating agencies, whether there are any
securities violations, and whether any investment banks assist the companeis to manipulate
financials. ALso reporting related to effects of consolidation of public accounting firms are
provided in this.
This seeks to provide whistle-blower protection for any information that they reveal. It mandates
penalties i.e. criminal in sense, for alteration and manipulation of financial records.
This is expecially a step ahead of point 8 in terms of the penalties. It recommends stronger and
stricter sentences and implies that any failure to properly certify financial reports is a crimilThis
section increases the criminal penalties associated.
The integral has a pole at z=-1Integral region is around a circle .pdfnipuns1983
The integral has a pole at z=-1
Integral region is around a circle in the first quadrant with unit radius,
z=1 to z=i means
angle 0 to pi/2
Using residue theorem
the integral is 2pii (log (-1+1))
= -infty
Solution
The integral has a pole at z=-1
Integral region is around a circle in the first quadrant with unit radius,
z=1 to z=i means
angle 0 to pi/2
Using residue theorem
the integral is 2pii (log (-1+1))
= -infty.
Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated .pdfnipuns1983
Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated in the diencephalon The
pineal gland is located within the epithalamus, while the pituitary gland is attached to the
hypothalamus via the infundibulum Limbic system is associated with emotion, memory,
olfaction and also with drives and autonomic regulation Hippocampus of the limbic system
transfers short term memory to long term memory
Solution
Thalamus acts as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is situated in the diencephalon The
pineal gland is located within the epithalamus, while the pituitary gland is attached to the
hypothalamus via the infundibulum Limbic system is associated with emotion, memory,
olfaction and also with drives and autonomic regulation Hippocampus of the limbic system
transfers short term memory to long term memory.
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to wa.pdfnipuns1983
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to water that leads to increase
in water re absorption that leads to decrease in water excretion ADH secreted by hypothalamus
and storeed in posterior pituitary gland Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion caused by
decreasing the production of ADH from posterior pituitary or ectopic sources Clinical features
are increasing blood volume,decresed urinary excretion of water that leads to overhydration
Diabetes insipidus complete or partial failure to ADH secretion,polyurea,polydipsia are seen as
clinical features. Diuretics are drugs used to increase water excretion.
Solution
ADH causes increased permeability of DCT and collecting tubule to water that leads to increase
in water re absorption that leads to decrease in water excretion ADH secreted by hypothalamus
and storeed in posterior pituitary gland Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion caused by
decreasing the production of ADH from posterior pituitary or ectopic sources Clinical features
are increasing blood volume,decresed urinary excretion of water that leads to overhydration
Diabetes insipidus complete or partial failure to ADH secretion,polyurea,polydipsia are seen as
clinical features. Diuretics are drugs used to increase water excretion..
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill pa.pdfnipuns1983
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill patients. These are helpful for
treating chronically mentally ill patients of our society.
Partnership model: in which the one is treated individually and allow solving the problems by
oneself.
Continuity of care: mentally ill patients need extensive care so they will begin to behave
normally if the care is prolonged. This may happen because of emotional attachment.
Education for patient: this is also a very important part. Education with creativity helps the
patients to be busy in activities and gradual storming the brain by this method is very productive
for treatment of patients.
Safety measures: mentally ill patients are not well aware about threats and safety will bring long
life to them.
Evolve surviving skills: there are many necessary skills are needed to develop in such patients.
These skills bring positivity in such patients and rise livingness in them.
Communication capability: this needs to enhance in each mentally ill patients.
Social network: making social network of mentally ill patients included normal people too, can
bring lot of positivity among them.
Solution
There are several solutions for treating chronically mentally ill patients. These are helpful for
treating chronically mentally ill patients of our society.
Partnership model: in which the one is treated individually and allow solving the problems by
oneself.
Continuity of care: mentally ill patients need extensive care so they will begin to behave
normally if the care is prolonged. This may happen because of emotional attachment.
Education for patient: this is also a very important part. Education with creativity helps the
patients to be busy in activities and gradual storming the brain by this method is very productive
for treatment of patients.
Safety measures: mentally ill patients are not well aware about threats and safety will bring long
life to them.
Evolve surviving skills: there are many necessary skills are needed to develop in such patients.
These skills bring positivity in such patients and rise livingness in them.
Communication capability: this needs to enhance in each mentally ill patients.
Social network: making social network of mentally ill patients included normal people too, can
bring lot of positivity among them..
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then exci.pdfnipuns1983
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then excites the electrons to the higher
energy state by absorbing photons from the sunlight. At the higher energy state, these electrons
are accepted by a electron acceptor that through series of electron transport chain donates the
electrons to the PSI. In doing so it generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
Then the electrons are again excited to higher energy state from PSI with absorption of photon
from the sunlight. At higher energy state, the elctrons are accepted by electron acceptor. This
donates the electron transport chain through seroes of protein, which produces NADPH in this
process.
By this way the energy from the sunlight is converted into the chemical energy in the NADPH
reducing equivalents.
Solution
The water is split providing the electrons for PSII, which then excites the electrons to the higher
energy state by absorbing photons from the sunlight. At the higher energy state, these electrons
are accepted by a electron acceptor that through series of electron transport chain donates the
electrons to the PSI. In doing so it generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
Then the electrons are again excited to higher energy state from PSI with absorption of photon
from the sunlight. At higher energy state, the elctrons are accepted by electron acceptor. This
donates the electron transport chain through seroes of protein, which produces NADPH in this
process.
By this way the energy from the sunlight is converted into the chemical energy in the NADPH
reducing equivalents..
The Sarbanes-Oxlet act (SOX) was primarily enacted following the Enr.pdfnipuns1983
The Sarbanes-Oxlet act (SOX) was primarily enacted following the Enron and other scandals. It
basically sought to remove the compliance and audit gaps that may lead to the same kind or
scandals in future. This is considering the fact that these scandals lead to losses worth trillion
dollars to the investors and the general public and hurts the image of corporates and government
identically.
The SOX was enacted for US corporations and sought to tighten accounting, financial reporting
and audit practices to strengthen the basic foundations that may lead to humongous
consequences. However the basic difference was that this act only was implemented to the
corporations and management alike.
The following were the major points which impacted corporations financial reports in a way that
set a benchmark for all future compliances:
This was basically set up to oversee the funtioning of independent audit firms which do
compliance and financial audit for the specific companies. It was taken care that there the
auditors be registered and there be specific set and defined processes which should be followed.
All systems for process, compliance, quality control etc. were put in place to prevent any further
slippage and mistake.
This takes care of the utmost factor of independence of the audit firms. It seeks to minimize the
conflict of interest that may arise in the event that a particular audit firm auditing the company is
already providing some said non-audit service to the company. This is taken care of by this
provision.
This basically takes care of micro-reporting of sorts. There are enhanced reporting of all
financial transactions i.e. off-balance-sheet transactions, any stock transactions of corporate
management etc. The point also mandates strict internal controls for disclosures, and accuracy of
the financial reports. It specifies audit controls and enhanced reviews by the SEC or its agents.
This includes measures related to help and restore investor confidence. This paves way for
investor confidence in reporting of securities analyst. This also mandates disclosures of conflict
of interests is any and code of conduct for these analysts.
This consists of sections which require the SEC with the Comptroller General to report specific
findings. These reports include the effect of credit rating agencies, whether there are any
securities violations, and whether any investment banks assist the companeis to manipulate
financials. ALso reporting related to effects of consolidation of public accounting firms are
provided in this.
This seeks to provide whistle-blower protection for any information that they reveal. It mandates
penalties i.e. criminal in sense, for alteration and manipulation of financial records.
This is expecially a step ahead of point 8 in terms of the penalties. It recommends stronger and
stricter sentences and implies that any failure to properly certify financial reports is a crimilThis
section increases the criminal penalties associated.
The integral has a pole at z=-1Integral region is around a circle .pdfnipuns1983
The integral has a pole at z=-1
Integral region is around a circle in the first quadrant with unit radius,
z=1 to z=i means
angle 0 to pi/2
Using residue theorem
the integral is 2pii (log (-1+1))
= -infty
Solution
The integral has a pole at z=-1
Integral region is around a circle in the first quadrant with unit radius,
z=1 to z=i means
angle 0 to pi/2
Using residue theorem
the integral is 2pii (log (-1+1))
= -infty.
SolutionThis encryption scheme is not considered to be a secure o.pdfnipuns1983
Solution
:
This encryption scheme is not considered to be a secure one as the key used for encryption is
very weak. It will be easy for Eve to crack the key and decrypt the message. The security
provided here is very limited and it would not be possible for Alice to implement other elements
of security to her encryption method.
It would not be possible to add digital signatures to the encrypted message due to which it lacks
repudiation. Authentication problem is also there with this weak encryption method.
There is no surity of message integrity. Before reaching the destination it is possible that
message gets modified to some extent or fully, of which the receiver or the sender will not be
able to know.
Sharing the key is also very dangerous as using any of electronic medium or magnetic medium is
not safe. Due to insecure network the sender or the receiver may never know that the messages
are being tapped. Sharing it in personal is only a safer method, but here distance and time
becomes an obstacle in many cases.
Alice used a method which have very limited security and thus insecure to send any message
over the network. By modifying her method of encryption she could easily convert it into a
healthy communication process.Strong keys will help her a lot and transferring it to the sender in
a secure manner will add to it..
Smart Beta ia a rather elusive term in modern finance sometimes know.pdfnipuns1983
Smart Beta ia a rather elusive term in modern finance sometimes known as advanced
beta,alternate beta or startegy indices.firstly theorized by Harry Markowitz , the first smart beta
ETF was launched in 2003.A smart Beta ETF is a type of exchange-traded fund that uses
alternative index construction rules instead of the typical cap-weighted index strategy, in a
transparent way. It takes into account factors such as size, value and volatility. It utilizes both
passive and active methods of investing ... passive because it follows an index, but active
because it considers alternative factors. Smart Beta ETFs are ideal for investors hoping to
maximize their income and returns and minimize risk.
\"Smart\" refers to the use of an alternative methodology rather than following an index\'s size-
based (market-cap) allocations.Its Evolution began with its namer\' Professional services firm
Towers Watson .\"Smart beta strategies have seen huge inflows in recent years. According to
ETF provider Invesco Powershares, from 2010 to 2017, Smart Beta ETFs took in more than 21%
of U.S. equity ETF inflows, representing 12% of total ETF industry assets.
Shifting On to the barriers for allocating smart beta in a investor`s portfolio
investors have consistently reported that \"determining the best strategy or combination of
strategies and managing unintended factor biases\" are the biggest concerns relating to
implementation of a smart beta strategy.Finding the best variation is the issue of major concern
for investors.
Stating that excess returns mean extra risks for a smart beta strategy is not really a criticism of
smart beta. Rather, it is a criticism of smart beta systems that claim to produce excess returns
without assuming extra risks
Smart beta is no different, regardless of how it is marketed.
smart beta managers don\'t investigate the underlying economic logic behind performance, which
can lead to problematic allocations.A smart beta construction is likely to be focused on past
performance, because that is how factors are identified. Factors that show the strongest
correlation with active management performance tend to be favored. That is as deep as the
diagnosis goes with many smart beta mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
One of the glorious things about market-cap-weighted indexes is that they\'re comparatively easy
to run. Once you own all the stocks you want in their market weights, you generally don\'t need
to touch the portfolio except to reinvest dividends, handle corporate actions and deal with index
changes.
Smart-beta strategies are holding securities in different weights, adjusting their portfolios to
match their \"smart\" strategies, and often rebalancing regularly. All of that means that ETFs
tracking smart-beta indexes often have a much more difficult time than their vanilla brethren.
Apart from these short comings, investors need to have a deep insight of these matters while
adding advanced beta to their portfolios.
1.. Not all s.
Ques-1 What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infectin.pdfnipuns1983
Ques-1: What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infecting organism?
Germ Tube Test is a screening diagnostic test. The differential diagnosis of this patient is obtain
some urine samples for laboratory cultures in carbohydrate medium as \"pathogenic organism
can reproduce by budding\" means it is \"pathogenic fungi\" infected at the surgical region of
cervix. Therefore, it will produce germ tube with fungal spores upon cell cultures & culture will
produce \"yellow precipitate\" when examined with I2-KI & NaOH (iodoform test) due to
alcohol formation as a metabolic byproduct. The morphology of diagnostic samples with
infected pathogen can be observed under the microscope.
Ques-2. The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes. What is the organism?
The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes depicting that the infected pathogen
is “Candida albicans\", a fungal pathogen
Ques-3. Is this organism part of the normal flora in humans?
Yes, this species in humans mainly located normal commensual in the regions of mouth, gut and
vagina. However, in the above surgical procedures of cervix, transition of the organism has
occurred from commensalism to virulence by germ tube formation with hyperthermia (increased
temperature).
Solution
Ques-1: What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infecting organism?
Germ Tube Test is a screening diagnostic test. The differential diagnosis of this patient is obtain
some urine samples for laboratory cultures in carbohydrate medium as \"pathogenic organism
can reproduce by budding\" means it is \"pathogenic fungi\" infected at the surgical region of
cervix. Therefore, it will produce germ tube with fungal spores upon cell cultures & culture will
produce \"yellow precipitate\" when examined with I2-KI & NaOH (iodoform test) due to
alcohol formation as a metabolic byproduct. The morphology of diagnostic samples with
infected pathogen can be observed under the microscope.
Ques-2. The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes. What is the organism?
The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes depicting that the infected pathogen
is “Candida albicans\", a fungal pathogen
Ques-3. Is this organism part of the normal flora in humans?
Yes, this species in humans mainly located normal commensual in the regions of mouth, gut and
vagina. However, in the above surgical procedures of cervix, transition of the organism has
occurred from commensalism to virulence by germ tube formation with hyperthermia (increased
temperature)..
Option 1:
Project management software: Project management software assists employees, administrators,
and teams to manage team goals and long-term projects, and coordinate individual tasks. Project
management software does this with a range of tools to manage workloads, monitor productivity,
and allocate resources. Task interdependence is a large component of project management
software as it is largely used to coordinate assignments that are related to a sequence of tasks or a
larger project. Users use project management software to keep track of multiple projects, track a
team’s or individual’s progress, and analyze team productivity. These products can be used in
virtually any industry that requires individuals to organize projects, tasks within projects, and
goals for weekly, and monthly, or annual projects. Users usually have the ability to break
projects down into individual tasks, create timelines for project completion, analyze productivity,
and communicate with other team members. Project management software is closely related to
task management software, but differs in scale and scope. Project management software allows
users to manage a team of individuals, balance projects, and document effectiveness. Task
management software simply outlines individual efforts, breaks down components within a
project, determines due dates, and allows for self-management. To qualify for inclusion in the
Project Management software category, a product must:
Advantages of project management softwares:
With project management software, you can:
Example:
Redbooth, Inc., is a privately held computer software company that was founded in Barcelona,
Spain in 2008. It moved its headquarters in Redwood City, California. Dan Schoenbaum joined
the company as CEO in 2011. The company was able to secure seed funding, angel investments,
and Series A and B Funding of almost $20 million. The company rebranded in January 2014 and
continues to provide a solution where collaboration experience is deeply integrated in how
people track, manage and do work.
Redbooth provides a centralized team workspace to communicate, share, and collaborate,
resulting in maximum productivity and high performance. It has been included in Inc.com’s top
5000 fastest-growing privately held companies in the US at #89 and #10 on the software industry
list.
Redbooth is an online project management tool and collaboration platform that offers deep
integrated features of enterprise messaging, file sharing, search, in-stream task management,
video conferencing and voice, centralized into an intuitive virtual workspace. Its award-winning
platform enables teams and organizations to collaborate, communicate, and achieve increased
productivity. Companies that use it has experienced increased team productivity that has lead to
dramatically positive business results. It is offering a highly differentiated and innovative
product that is also broadly applicable to many types of businesses.
Features, Benef.
import java.util.Scanner;public class InputIntegers{public sta.pdfnipuns1983
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputIntegers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"enter n :\");
int n=s.nextInt();
int a[]=new int[n];
System.out.println(\"enter n integers :\");
for(int i=0;i
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputIntegers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"enter n :\");
int n=s.nextInt();
int a[]=new int[n];
System.out.println(\"enter n integers :\");
for(int i=0;i.
The main drawback of Troutons rule is that it i.pdfnipuns1983
The main drawback of Trouton\'s rule is that it is not applied for the liquids that
contains \"hydrogen bonding\" . In the given molecules HF and CH3OH both have the hydrogen
bonding in their solutions. Therefore - Toulene (C6H5CH3) only contains the value that is
closely related to Troutons value. Hence answer is C6H5CH2
Solution
The main drawback of Trouton\'s rule is that it is not applied for the liquids that
contains \"hydrogen bonding\" . In the given molecules HF and CH3OH both have the hydrogen
bonding in their solutions. Therefore - Toulene (C6H5CH3) only contains the value that is
closely related to Troutons value. Hence answer is C6H5CH2.
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs .pdfnipuns1983
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs heat. (a) melting (b) vaporization
Solution
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs heat. (a) melting (b) vaporization.
RNase P catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent 5-maturati.pdfnipuns1983
RNase P catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent 5\'-maturation of precursor tRNAs.
Biochemical studies on the bacterial holoenzyme, composed of one catalytic RNase P RNA
(RPR) and one RNase P protein (RPP), have helped understand the pleiotropic roles (including
substrate/Mg2+ binding) by which a protein could facilitate RNA catalysis. As a model for
uncovering the functional coordination among multiple proteins that aid an RNA catalyst, we use
archaeal RNase P, which comprises one catalytic RPR and at least four RPPs. Exploiting our
previous finding that these archaeal RPPs function as two binary RPP complexes (POP5•RPP30
and RPP21•RPP29), we prepared recombinant RPP pairs from three archaea and established
interchangeability of subunits through homologous/heterologous assemblies. Our finding that
archaeal POP5•RPP30 reconstituted with bacterial and organellar RPRs suggests functional
overlap of this binary complex with the bacterial RPP and highlights their shared recognition of a
phylogenetically-conserved RPR catalytic core, whose minimal attributes we further defined
through deletion mutagenesis. Moreover, single-turnover kinetic studies revealed that while
POP5•RPP30 is solely responsible for enhancing the RPR’s rate of precursor tRNA cleavage (by
60-fold), RPP21•RPP29 contributes to increased substrate affinity (by 16-fold). Collectively,
these studies provide new perspectives on the functioning and evolution of an ancient, catalytic
ribonucleoprotein. INTRODUCTION RNase P, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP), is the
endoribonuclease that catalyzes the removal of 5\'-leaders in precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) in all
three domains of life (1–4). The bacterial variant is composed of 1 catalytic RNase P RNA
(RPR) and 1 RNase P protein (RPP) cofactor. Eukaryal (nuclear) RNase P from yeast and human
contain 1 RPR with 9 and 10 RPPs, respectively. Intermediate in complexity, the archaeal
holoenzyme is associated with 1 RPR and at least 4 RPPs (POP5, RPP30, RPP21 and RPP29),
which are homologous to eukaryal RPPs. Several years after the remarkable finding that the
bacterial RPR is a true RNA enzyme in the presence of Mg2+ and monovalent ions (5), archaeal
and eukaryal RPRs were also shown to be catalytically active in vitro (6,7). This common
attribute of evolutionarily divergent RPRs was anticipated from their shared ancestry, attested by
sequence and structural similarity of their putative catalytic core (8–15). However, dramatic
variations (106-fold) in catalytic potential indicate that not all RPRs are equal: activity of RPRs
from bacteria?>?archaea?>?eukarya (5–7). Although RPRs display activity in vitro without
RPPs, they are dependent on their cognate protein cofactors for cellular function. Interestingly,
there is an inverse relationship between RPR activity and RNP composition—the protein:RNA
mass ratio is 70% in eukaryal and 50% in archaeal RNase P compared to 10% in their bacterial
counterpart. Thus, elucidating the intimate cooperation between the RNA and.
pH of a solution is directly proportional to mola.pdfnipuns1983
pH of a solution is directly proportional to molarity,volume and pH itself...so
(V1M1pH1+V2M2pH2)/(v1 m1 +v2 m2 ) =ph....USE PH OF HCL AND HI03
Solution
pH of a solution is directly proportional to molarity,volume and pH itself...so
(V1M1pH1+V2M2pH2)/(v1 m1 +v2 m2 ) =ph....USE PH OF HCL AND HI03.
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, .pdfnipuns1983
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, 1 for p, 2 for d... so l=1 m= -l to l =
-1, 0 , 1 s = +0.5 or -0.5
Solution
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, 1 for p, 2 for d... so l=1 m= -l to l =
-1, 0 , 1 s = +0.5 or -0.5.
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nit.pdfnipuns1983
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nitrogen and oxygen atoms which can
easily do hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen atoms of water. this greatly increases the
solubility of this compound in water. Hope this will do..:)
Solution
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nitrogen and oxygen atoms which can
easily do hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen atoms of water. this greatly increases the
solubility of this compound in water. Hope this will do..:).
Molar solubility = moles of solute volume of so.pdfnipuns1983
Molar solubility = moles of solute / volume of solution Molality = moles of solute /
mass of solvent note: Morality is a typo. It should be Molality
Solution
Molar solubility = moles of solute / volume of solution Molality = moles of solute /
mass of solvent note: Morality is a typo. It should be Molality.
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.pdfnipuns1983
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.72 istead of -0.76 u must have
used the sign on the right hand side equation in correctly
Solution
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.72 istead of -0.76 u must have
used the sign on the right hand side equation in correctly.
Hückel Theory This theory was originally introduc.pdfnipuns1983
Hückel Theory This theory was originally introduced to permit qualitative study of
the p-electron systems in planar, conjugated hydrocarbon molecules (i.e. in \"flat\" hydrocarbon
molecules which possess a mirror plane of symmetry containing all the carbon atoms, and in
which the atoms of the carbon skeleton are linked by alternating double and single carbon-carbon
bonds when the bonding is represented in a localised fashion). It is thus most appropriate for
molecules such as benzene or butadiene, but the approach and concepts have wider applicability.
Basic Assumptions 1. the atomic orbitals contributing to the p-bonding in a planar molecule (e.g.
the so-called pp orbitals in a molecule such as benzene) are antisymmetric with respect to
reflection in the molecular plane; they are therefore of a different symmetry to the atomic
orbitals contributing to the s-bonding and may be treated independently. 2. the Coulomb
integrals for all the carbon atoms are assumed to be identical. i.e. small differences in a-values
due to the different chemical environment of C atoms in a molecule such as are neglected. 3. all
resonance integrals between directly-bonded atoms are assumed to be the same; whilst those
between atoms that are not directly bonded are neglected. i.e. ?f Hf dt i j . ˆ = ß : if atoms i and j
are directly s-bonded. = 0 : if atoms i and j are non-bonded. 4. all overlap integrals representing
the overlap of atomic orbitals centred on different atoms are neglected. i.e. ?f f dt i j . = 0 : if i ? j
(note - if i = j then ?f f dt i j . = 1 since it is assumed that the atomic orbitals are normalized)
Mirror plane (of molecule) pp orbital s or ps orbital6.2 A Closer Look at the Secular Determinant
The basic form of the secular determinant for the bonding arising from the overlap of two
orbitals (from 4.9) is reproduced below. 12 2 1 12 E E - - ß a a ß For three overlapping orbitals
the approach outlined in Chapter 4 leads to a secular determinant of the form: E E E - - - 13 23 3
12 2 23 1 12 13 ß ß a ß a ß a ß ß From a comparison of the two secular determinants given
above, it is becoming clear that all such secular determinants have a characteristic structure: 1.
each row and column may be associated with one of the atomic orbitals; thus the first row and
first column contain information about the nature of orbital 1 and its interactions with the other
orbitals, the second row and second column contain information about the nature of orbital 2 and
its interactions with the other orbitals. 2. The diagonal set of elements (comprised of those
elements where row 1 intersects column 1, row 2 intersects column 2, ….. and so on) include the
values of the relevant Coulomb integrals (a1 , a2 etc.). 3. The off-diagonal elements (comprised
of those elements having different row numbers and column numbers) are equal to the relevant
resonance integrals (e.g. ß12 at the intersection of row 1 and column 2) This structure is
summarised below, where the rows an.
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel thro.pdfnipuns1983
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel through rarefied (i.e. low pressure) air
since the time of Franklin. The basic setup was to have two metal plates inside a glass tube. The
air was removed from the glass container with a pump. One plate (called the cathode) was
connected to the negative side of an electrical supply and the other (called the anode) was
connected to the positive side of the electrical supply. As pump technology improved, the
appearance of the “spark” within the tube changed. A jumpy purplish stream replaced the spark,
and in the 1830s Faraday noticed that a dark spot opened up in the beam near the cathode. By
1870, pump technology had improved considerably and the dark spot had expanded to fill the
entire tube and experimentalists noticed that the glass glowed where the “cathode rays” (as they
were being called at that time) hit the glass. In the last half of the 19th century, scientists did
many experiments with cathode ray tubes and tried to use the results to determine the nature of
cathode rays. In 1879, Sir William Crookes demonstrated that cathode rays travel in straight lines
by using the tube shown at the right. Crookes also demonstrated that magnetic fields could
deflect cathode rays. He found that the properties of cathode rays did not depend on the metal
used to make the cathode and anode. According to Crookes, the current in the tube consisted of
negatively charged gas molecules repelled from the cathode and traveling to the anode. Heinrich
Hertz, a leading German experimentalist, tried to deflect cathode rays with an electric field, but
was not able to do so. Since he knew that charged particles are deflected by electric fields, Hertz
concluded that cathode rays were not charged particles, but waves that could be deflected with
magnetic fields. In 1894, J.J. Thomson, an English physicist, began a series of experiments that
would resolve the controversy about cathode rays and lead to the discovery of the first subatomic
particle. By constructing a cathode ray tube with the deflector plates inside the glass tube (at
right), Thomson discovered --in direct contradiction with Hertz-- that cathode rays could be
deflected by an electric field. Thomson’s tube design allowed him to determine the ratio of the
cathode ray particle’s charge to its mass. The clever experiment exploits two ideas that were
known about the interaction between electromagnetic fields and charged particles: Use the
below link for clear diagrammatic explanation http://www.dartmouth.edu/~phys1/labs/lab3.pdf
Solution
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel through rarefied (i.e. low pressure) air
since the time of Franklin. The basic setup was to have two metal plates inside a glass tube. The
air was removed from the glass container with a pump. One plate (called the cathode) was
connected to the negative side of an electrical supply and the other (called the anode) was
connected to the positive side of the electrical supply. As pump tec.
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule an.pdfnipuns1983
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule and are ionic in nature. It should be
soluble in water.
Solution
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule and are ionic in nature. It should be
soluble in water..
SolutionThis encryption scheme is not considered to be a secure o.pdfnipuns1983
Solution
:
This encryption scheme is not considered to be a secure one as the key used for encryption is
very weak. It will be easy for Eve to crack the key and decrypt the message. The security
provided here is very limited and it would not be possible for Alice to implement other elements
of security to her encryption method.
It would not be possible to add digital signatures to the encrypted message due to which it lacks
repudiation. Authentication problem is also there with this weak encryption method.
There is no surity of message integrity. Before reaching the destination it is possible that
message gets modified to some extent or fully, of which the receiver or the sender will not be
able to know.
Sharing the key is also very dangerous as using any of electronic medium or magnetic medium is
not safe. Due to insecure network the sender or the receiver may never know that the messages
are being tapped. Sharing it in personal is only a safer method, but here distance and time
becomes an obstacle in many cases.
Alice used a method which have very limited security and thus insecure to send any message
over the network. By modifying her method of encryption she could easily convert it into a
healthy communication process.Strong keys will help her a lot and transferring it to the sender in
a secure manner will add to it..
Smart Beta ia a rather elusive term in modern finance sometimes know.pdfnipuns1983
Smart Beta ia a rather elusive term in modern finance sometimes known as advanced
beta,alternate beta or startegy indices.firstly theorized by Harry Markowitz , the first smart beta
ETF was launched in 2003.A smart Beta ETF is a type of exchange-traded fund that uses
alternative index construction rules instead of the typical cap-weighted index strategy, in a
transparent way. It takes into account factors such as size, value and volatility. It utilizes both
passive and active methods of investing ... passive because it follows an index, but active
because it considers alternative factors. Smart Beta ETFs are ideal for investors hoping to
maximize their income and returns and minimize risk.
\"Smart\" refers to the use of an alternative methodology rather than following an index\'s size-
based (market-cap) allocations.Its Evolution began with its namer\' Professional services firm
Towers Watson .\"Smart beta strategies have seen huge inflows in recent years. According to
ETF provider Invesco Powershares, from 2010 to 2017, Smart Beta ETFs took in more than 21%
of U.S. equity ETF inflows, representing 12% of total ETF industry assets.
Shifting On to the barriers for allocating smart beta in a investor`s portfolio
investors have consistently reported that \"determining the best strategy or combination of
strategies and managing unintended factor biases\" are the biggest concerns relating to
implementation of a smart beta strategy.Finding the best variation is the issue of major concern
for investors.
Stating that excess returns mean extra risks for a smart beta strategy is not really a criticism of
smart beta. Rather, it is a criticism of smart beta systems that claim to produce excess returns
without assuming extra risks
Smart beta is no different, regardless of how it is marketed.
smart beta managers don\'t investigate the underlying economic logic behind performance, which
can lead to problematic allocations.A smart beta construction is likely to be focused on past
performance, because that is how factors are identified. Factors that show the strongest
correlation with active management performance tend to be favored. That is as deep as the
diagnosis goes with many smart beta mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
One of the glorious things about market-cap-weighted indexes is that they\'re comparatively easy
to run. Once you own all the stocks you want in their market weights, you generally don\'t need
to touch the portfolio except to reinvest dividends, handle corporate actions and deal with index
changes.
Smart-beta strategies are holding securities in different weights, adjusting their portfolios to
match their \"smart\" strategies, and often rebalancing regularly. All of that means that ETFs
tracking smart-beta indexes often have a much more difficult time than their vanilla brethren.
Apart from these short comings, investors need to have a deep insight of these matters while
adding advanced beta to their portfolios.
1.. Not all s.
Ques-1 What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infectin.pdfnipuns1983
Ques-1: What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infecting organism?
Germ Tube Test is a screening diagnostic test. The differential diagnosis of this patient is obtain
some urine samples for laboratory cultures in carbohydrate medium as \"pathogenic organism
can reproduce by budding\" means it is \"pathogenic fungi\" infected at the surgical region of
cervix. Therefore, it will produce germ tube with fungal spores upon cell cultures & culture will
produce \"yellow precipitate\" when examined with I2-KI & NaOH (iodoform test) due to
alcohol formation as a metabolic byproduct. The morphology of diagnostic samples with
infected pathogen can be observed under the microscope.
Ques-2. The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes. What is the organism?
The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes depicting that the infected pathogen
is “Candida albicans\", a fungal pathogen
Ques-3. Is this organism part of the normal flora in humans?
Yes, this species in humans mainly located normal commensual in the regions of mouth, gut and
vagina. However, in the above surgical procedures of cervix, transition of the organism has
occurred from commensalism to virulence by germ tube formation with hyperthermia (increased
temperature).
Solution
Ques-1: What is the differential diagnosis of this patients infecting organism?
Germ Tube Test is a screening diagnostic test. The differential diagnosis of this patient is obtain
some urine samples for laboratory cultures in carbohydrate medium as \"pathogenic organism
can reproduce by budding\" means it is \"pathogenic fungi\" infected at the surgical region of
cervix. Therefore, it will produce germ tube with fungal spores upon cell cultures & culture will
produce \"yellow precipitate\" when examined with I2-KI & NaOH (iodoform test) due to
alcohol formation as a metabolic byproduct. The morphology of diagnostic samples with
infected pathogen can be observed under the microscope.
Ques-2. The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes. What is the organism?
The organism was subsequently shown to form germ tubes depicting that the infected pathogen
is “Candida albicans\", a fungal pathogen
Ques-3. Is this organism part of the normal flora in humans?
Yes, this species in humans mainly located normal commensual in the regions of mouth, gut and
vagina. However, in the above surgical procedures of cervix, transition of the organism has
occurred from commensalism to virulence by germ tube formation with hyperthermia (increased
temperature)..
Option 1:
Project management software: Project management software assists employees, administrators,
and teams to manage team goals and long-term projects, and coordinate individual tasks. Project
management software does this with a range of tools to manage workloads, monitor productivity,
and allocate resources. Task interdependence is a large component of project management
software as it is largely used to coordinate assignments that are related to a sequence of tasks or a
larger project. Users use project management software to keep track of multiple projects, track a
team’s or individual’s progress, and analyze team productivity. These products can be used in
virtually any industry that requires individuals to organize projects, tasks within projects, and
goals for weekly, and monthly, or annual projects. Users usually have the ability to break
projects down into individual tasks, create timelines for project completion, analyze productivity,
and communicate with other team members. Project management software is closely related to
task management software, but differs in scale and scope. Project management software allows
users to manage a team of individuals, balance projects, and document effectiveness. Task
management software simply outlines individual efforts, breaks down components within a
project, determines due dates, and allows for self-management. To qualify for inclusion in the
Project Management software category, a product must:
Advantages of project management softwares:
With project management software, you can:
Example:
Redbooth, Inc., is a privately held computer software company that was founded in Barcelona,
Spain in 2008. It moved its headquarters in Redwood City, California. Dan Schoenbaum joined
the company as CEO in 2011. The company was able to secure seed funding, angel investments,
and Series A and B Funding of almost $20 million. The company rebranded in January 2014 and
continues to provide a solution where collaboration experience is deeply integrated in how
people track, manage and do work.
Redbooth provides a centralized team workspace to communicate, share, and collaborate,
resulting in maximum productivity and high performance. It has been included in Inc.com’s top
5000 fastest-growing privately held companies in the US at #89 and #10 on the software industry
list.
Redbooth is an online project management tool and collaboration platform that offers deep
integrated features of enterprise messaging, file sharing, search, in-stream task management,
video conferencing and voice, centralized into an intuitive virtual workspace. Its award-winning
platform enables teams and organizations to collaborate, communicate, and achieve increased
productivity. Companies that use it has experienced increased team productivity that has lead to
dramatically positive business results. It is offering a highly differentiated and innovative
product that is also broadly applicable to many types of businesses.
Features, Benef.
import java.util.Scanner;public class InputIntegers{public sta.pdfnipuns1983
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputIntegers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"enter n :\");
int n=s.nextInt();
int a[]=new int[n];
System.out.println(\"enter n integers :\");
for(int i=0;i
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputIntegers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"enter n :\");
int n=s.nextInt();
int a[]=new int[n];
System.out.println(\"enter n integers :\");
for(int i=0;i.
The main drawback of Troutons rule is that it i.pdfnipuns1983
The main drawback of Trouton\'s rule is that it is not applied for the liquids that
contains \"hydrogen bonding\" . In the given molecules HF and CH3OH both have the hydrogen
bonding in their solutions. Therefore - Toulene (C6H5CH3) only contains the value that is
closely related to Troutons value. Hence answer is C6H5CH2
Solution
The main drawback of Trouton\'s rule is that it is not applied for the liquids that
contains \"hydrogen bonding\" . In the given molecules HF and CH3OH both have the hydrogen
bonding in their solutions. Therefore - Toulene (C6H5CH3) only contains the value that is
closely related to Troutons value. Hence answer is C6H5CH2.
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs .pdfnipuns1983
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs heat. (a) melting (b) vaporization
Solution
Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas change absorbs heat. (a) melting (b) vaporization.
RNase P catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent 5-maturati.pdfnipuns1983
RNase P catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent 5\'-maturation of precursor tRNAs.
Biochemical studies on the bacterial holoenzyme, composed of one catalytic RNase P RNA
(RPR) and one RNase P protein (RPP), have helped understand the pleiotropic roles (including
substrate/Mg2+ binding) by which a protein could facilitate RNA catalysis. As a model for
uncovering the functional coordination among multiple proteins that aid an RNA catalyst, we use
archaeal RNase P, which comprises one catalytic RPR and at least four RPPs. Exploiting our
previous finding that these archaeal RPPs function as two binary RPP complexes (POP5•RPP30
and RPP21•RPP29), we prepared recombinant RPP pairs from three archaea and established
interchangeability of subunits through homologous/heterologous assemblies. Our finding that
archaeal POP5•RPP30 reconstituted with bacterial and organellar RPRs suggests functional
overlap of this binary complex with the bacterial RPP and highlights their shared recognition of a
phylogenetically-conserved RPR catalytic core, whose minimal attributes we further defined
through deletion mutagenesis. Moreover, single-turnover kinetic studies revealed that while
POP5•RPP30 is solely responsible for enhancing the RPR’s rate of precursor tRNA cleavage (by
60-fold), RPP21•RPP29 contributes to increased substrate affinity (by 16-fold). Collectively,
these studies provide new perspectives on the functioning and evolution of an ancient, catalytic
ribonucleoprotein. INTRODUCTION RNase P, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP), is the
endoribonuclease that catalyzes the removal of 5\'-leaders in precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) in all
three domains of life (1–4). The bacterial variant is composed of 1 catalytic RNase P RNA
(RPR) and 1 RNase P protein (RPP) cofactor. Eukaryal (nuclear) RNase P from yeast and human
contain 1 RPR with 9 and 10 RPPs, respectively. Intermediate in complexity, the archaeal
holoenzyme is associated with 1 RPR and at least 4 RPPs (POP5, RPP30, RPP21 and RPP29),
which are homologous to eukaryal RPPs. Several years after the remarkable finding that the
bacterial RPR is a true RNA enzyme in the presence of Mg2+ and monovalent ions (5), archaeal
and eukaryal RPRs were also shown to be catalytically active in vitro (6,7). This common
attribute of evolutionarily divergent RPRs was anticipated from their shared ancestry, attested by
sequence and structural similarity of their putative catalytic core (8–15). However, dramatic
variations (106-fold) in catalytic potential indicate that not all RPRs are equal: activity of RPRs
from bacteria?>?archaea?>?eukarya (5–7). Although RPRs display activity in vitro without
RPPs, they are dependent on their cognate protein cofactors for cellular function. Interestingly,
there is an inverse relationship between RPR activity and RNP composition—the protein:RNA
mass ratio is 70% in eukaryal and 50% in archaeal RNase P compared to 10% in their bacterial
counterpart. Thus, elucidating the intimate cooperation between the RNA and.
pH of a solution is directly proportional to mola.pdfnipuns1983
pH of a solution is directly proportional to molarity,volume and pH itself...so
(V1M1pH1+V2M2pH2)/(v1 m1 +v2 m2 ) =ph....USE PH OF HCL AND HI03
Solution
pH of a solution is directly proportional to molarity,volume and pH itself...so
(V1M1pH1+V2M2pH2)/(v1 m1 +v2 m2 ) =ph....USE PH OF HCL AND HI03.
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, .pdfnipuns1983
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, 1 for p, 2 for d... so l=1 m= -l to l =
-1, 0 , 1 s = +0.5 or -0.5
Solution
n = number present before orbital =3 l= 0 for s, 1 for p, 2 for d... so l=1 m= -l to l =
-1, 0 , 1 s = +0.5 or -0.5.
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nit.pdfnipuns1983
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nitrogen and oxygen atoms which can
easily do hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen atoms of water. this greatly increases the
solubility of this compound in water. Hope this will do..:)
Solution
nitro methane is a polar compound plus it has nitrogen and oxygen atoms which can
easily do hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen atoms of water. this greatly increases the
solubility of this compound in water. Hope this will do..:).
Molar solubility = moles of solute volume of so.pdfnipuns1983
Molar solubility = moles of solute / volume of solution Molality = moles of solute /
mass of solvent note: Morality is a typo. It should be Molality
Solution
Molar solubility = moles of solute / volume of solution Molality = moles of solute /
mass of solvent note: Morality is a typo. It should be Molality.
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.pdfnipuns1983
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.72 istead of -0.76 u must have
used the sign on the right hand side equation in correctly
Solution
in the equation E=Eo-RTln(M) since u r getting -0.72 istead of -0.76 u must have
used the sign on the right hand side equation in correctly.
Hückel Theory This theory was originally introduc.pdfnipuns1983
Hückel Theory This theory was originally introduced to permit qualitative study of
the p-electron systems in planar, conjugated hydrocarbon molecules (i.e. in \"flat\" hydrocarbon
molecules which possess a mirror plane of symmetry containing all the carbon atoms, and in
which the atoms of the carbon skeleton are linked by alternating double and single carbon-carbon
bonds when the bonding is represented in a localised fashion). It is thus most appropriate for
molecules such as benzene or butadiene, but the approach and concepts have wider applicability.
Basic Assumptions 1. the atomic orbitals contributing to the p-bonding in a planar molecule (e.g.
the so-called pp orbitals in a molecule such as benzene) are antisymmetric with respect to
reflection in the molecular plane; they are therefore of a different symmetry to the atomic
orbitals contributing to the s-bonding and may be treated independently. 2. the Coulomb
integrals for all the carbon atoms are assumed to be identical. i.e. small differences in a-values
due to the different chemical environment of C atoms in a molecule such as are neglected. 3. all
resonance integrals between directly-bonded atoms are assumed to be the same; whilst those
between atoms that are not directly bonded are neglected. i.e. ?f Hf dt i j . ˆ = ß : if atoms i and j
are directly s-bonded. = 0 : if atoms i and j are non-bonded. 4. all overlap integrals representing
the overlap of atomic orbitals centred on different atoms are neglected. i.e. ?f f dt i j . = 0 : if i ? j
(note - if i = j then ?f f dt i j . = 1 since it is assumed that the atomic orbitals are normalized)
Mirror plane (of molecule) pp orbital s or ps orbital6.2 A Closer Look at the Secular Determinant
The basic form of the secular determinant for the bonding arising from the overlap of two
orbitals (from 4.9) is reproduced below. 12 2 1 12 E E - - ß a a ß For three overlapping orbitals
the approach outlined in Chapter 4 leads to a secular determinant of the form: E E E - - - 13 23 3
12 2 23 1 12 13 ß ß a ß a ß a ß ß From a comparison of the two secular determinants given
above, it is becoming clear that all such secular determinants have a characteristic structure: 1.
each row and column may be associated with one of the atomic orbitals; thus the first row and
first column contain information about the nature of orbital 1 and its interactions with the other
orbitals, the second row and second column contain information about the nature of orbital 2 and
its interactions with the other orbitals. 2. The diagonal set of elements (comprised of those
elements where row 1 intersects column 1, row 2 intersects column 2, ….. and so on) include the
values of the relevant Coulomb integrals (a1 , a2 etc.). 3. The off-diagonal elements (comprised
of those elements having different row numbers and column numbers) are equal to the relevant
resonance integrals (e.g. ß12 at the intersection of row 1 and column 2) This structure is
summarised below, where the rows an.
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel thro.pdfnipuns1983
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel through rarefied (i.e. low pressure) air
since the time of Franklin. The basic setup was to have two metal plates inside a glass tube. The
air was removed from the glass container with a pump. One plate (called the cathode) was
connected to the negative side of an electrical supply and the other (called the anode) was
connected to the positive side of the electrical supply. As pump technology improved, the
appearance of the “spark” within the tube changed. A jumpy purplish stream replaced the spark,
and in the 1830s Faraday noticed that a dark spot opened up in the beam near the cathode. By
1870, pump technology had improved considerably and the dark spot had expanded to fill the
entire tube and experimentalists noticed that the glass glowed where the “cathode rays” (as they
were being called at that time) hit the glass. In the last half of the 19th century, scientists did
many experiments with cathode ray tubes and tried to use the results to determine the nature of
cathode rays. In 1879, Sir William Crookes demonstrated that cathode rays travel in straight lines
by using the tube shown at the right. Crookes also demonstrated that magnetic fields could
deflect cathode rays. He found that the properties of cathode rays did not depend on the metal
used to make the cathode and anode. According to Crookes, the current in the tube consisted of
negatively charged gas molecules repelled from the cathode and traveling to the anode. Heinrich
Hertz, a leading German experimentalist, tried to deflect cathode rays with an electric field, but
was not able to do so. Since he knew that charged particles are deflected by electric fields, Hertz
concluded that cathode rays were not charged particles, but waves that could be deflected with
magnetic fields. In 1894, J.J. Thomson, an English physicist, began a series of experiments that
would resolve the controversy about cathode rays and lead to the discovery of the first subatomic
particle. By constructing a cathode ray tube with the deflector plates inside the glass tube (at
right), Thomson discovered --in direct contradiction with Hertz-- that cathode rays could be
deflected by an electric field. Thomson’s tube design allowed him to determine the ratio of the
cathode ray particle’s charge to its mass. The clever experiment exploits two ideas that were
known about the interaction between electromagnetic fields and charged particles: Use the
below link for clear diagrammatic explanation http://www.dartmouth.edu/~phys1/labs/lab3.pdf
Solution
Experimenters had noticed that sparks travel through rarefied (i.e. low pressure) air
since the time of Franklin. The basic setup was to have two metal plates inside a glass tube. The
air was removed from the glass container with a pump. One plate (called the cathode) was
connected to the negative side of an electrical supply and the other (called the anode) was
connected to the positive side of the electrical supply. As pump tec.
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule an.pdfnipuns1983
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule and are ionic in nature. It should be
soluble in water.
Solution
Because carboxylate anion is a polar molecule and are ionic in nature. It should be
soluble in water..
Las capacidades sociomotrices son las que hacen posible que el individuo se pueda desenvolver socialmente de acuerdo a la actuación motriz propias de cada edad evolutiva del individuo; Martha Castañer las clasifica en: Interacción y comunicación, introyección, emoción y expresión, creatividad e imaginación.
Un libro sin recetas, para la maestra y el maestro Fase 3.pdfsandradianelly
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ROMPECABEZAS DE ECUACIONES DE PRIMER GRADO OLIMPIADA DE PARÍS 2024. Por JAVIE...JAVIER SOLIS NOYOLA
El Mtro. JAVIER SOLIS NOYOLA crea y desarrolla el “ROMPECABEZAS DE ECUACIONES DE 1ER. GRADO OLIMPIADA DE PARÍS 2024”. Esta actividad de aprendizaje propone retos de cálculo algebraico mediante ecuaciones de 1er. grado, y viso-espacialidad, lo cual dará la oportunidad de formar un rompecabezas. La intención didáctica de esta actividad de aprendizaje es, promover los pensamientos lógicos (convergente) y creativo (divergente o lateral), mediante modelos mentales de: atención, memoria, imaginación, percepción (Geométrica y conceptual), perspicacia, inferencia, viso-espacialidad. Esta actividad de aprendizaje es de enfoques lúdico y transversal, ya que integra diversas áreas del conocimiento, entre ellas: matemático, artístico, lenguaje, historia, y las neurociencias.