http://blueelephantconsulting.com - In this presentation, Dr. Anderson shows that the techniques that we generally use to make decisions may not work when it comes to making good ethical decisions. Instead, Dr. Anderson provides a 5-step framework for engineers to use when they are faced with having to make a good ethical decision.
On 9 May 2017, Ross Waugh talked about "Ethics" to Selwyn District Council Young Professionals.
Ross discusses the IPENZ (Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand) Code of Ethical Conduct. He also cited the IPWEA Code of Ethics, among others.
Ross presents case studies and provides some examples and insights on ethical issues surrounding professional engineering and district council practices.
The document discusses various global issues related to the operations of multinational corporations including their responsibilities regarding technology transfer, human rights, environmental protection and ensuring fair treatment of employees in host countries. It also provides a case study on alleged unethical practices of Walmart and discusses principles of appropriate technology and how multinationals can operate in a morally justified manner while respecting local laws and cultures.
The document discusses proposed additions to engineering codes of ethics regarding sustainability. It presents arguments that sustainability should be integrated as a core principle rather than considered redundant or lesser in value. Specifically, it argues sustainability should be defined in terms of engineered systems and framed as a justice concept to avoid disproportionate impacts on subgroups. Adding sustainability to the paramount clause could expand engineers' commitment to virtues like honesty, trust, and humility needed for social change.
Engineering Ethics : The Social and Value Dimensions of TechnologyNurlatifa Haulaini
1. Technology is influenced by society and also influences society in a two-way relationship. Engineers must consider the social and ethical implications of technological development.
2. Computer technology both benefits society through information access but also raises issues regarding privacy and how personal data is collected and used.
3. Engineering design involves addressing social and ethical issues, as technological development can be seen as a form of social experimentation with uncertain outcomes.
The document is a presentation by Mark Toth, Chief Legal Officer of North America for ManpowerGroup, providing an overview of key employment law topics. The presentation includes:
1) A competition to test knowledge of employment law statistics and developments, covering topics like common discrimination claims, EEOC activity, and social media issues.
2) Updates on the increasing number of employment lawsuits, larger lawsuit values, and growth areas for claims like wage/hour violations.
3) Discussion of legal issues around using social media to screen candidates, developing social media policies, and monitoring employee social media use.
4) Reviews of developments in disability, medical leave, and genetic information anti-discrimination laws.
This document outlines a unit on global issues presented by Baskaran S from Bannari Amman Institute of Technology on February 20, 2018. It covers objectives of understanding multinational corporations, globalization, technology transfer, and international rights. Specific topics discussed include the definition of multinational corporations, top MNCs, elements of globalization, the process of technology transfer, and establishing companies in India as a foreign business. Computer ethics and intellectual property are also examined.
On 9 May 2017, Ross Waugh talked about "Ethics" to Selwyn District Council Young Professionals.
Ross discusses the IPENZ (Institute of Professional Engineers New Zealand) Code of Ethical Conduct. He also cited the IPWEA Code of Ethics, among others.
Ross presents case studies and provides some examples and insights on ethical issues surrounding professional engineering and district council practices.
The document discusses various global issues related to the operations of multinational corporations including their responsibilities regarding technology transfer, human rights, environmental protection and ensuring fair treatment of employees in host countries. It also provides a case study on alleged unethical practices of Walmart and discusses principles of appropriate technology and how multinationals can operate in a morally justified manner while respecting local laws and cultures.
The document discusses proposed additions to engineering codes of ethics regarding sustainability. It presents arguments that sustainability should be integrated as a core principle rather than considered redundant or lesser in value. Specifically, it argues sustainability should be defined in terms of engineered systems and framed as a justice concept to avoid disproportionate impacts on subgroups. Adding sustainability to the paramount clause could expand engineers' commitment to virtues like honesty, trust, and humility needed for social change.
Engineering Ethics : The Social and Value Dimensions of TechnologyNurlatifa Haulaini
1. Technology is influenced by society and also influences society in a two-way relationship. Engineers must consider the social and ethical implications of technological development.
2. Computer technology both benefits society through information access but also raises issues regarding privacy and how personal data is collected and used.
3. Engineering design involves addressing social and ethical issues, as technological development can be seen as a form of social experimentation with uncertain outcomes.
The document is a presentation by Mark Toth, Chief Legal Officer of North America for ManpowerGroup, providing an overview of key employment law topics. The presentation includes:
1) A competition to test knowledge of employment law statistics and developments, covering topics like common discrimination claims, EEOC activity, and social media issues.
2) Updates on the increasing number of employment lawsuits, larger lawsuit values, and growth areas for claims like wage/hour violations.
3) Discussion of legal issues around using social media to screen candidates, developing social media policies, and monitoring employee social media use.
4) Reviews of developments in disability, medical leave, and genetic information anti-discrimination laws.
This document outlines a unit on global issues presented by Baskaran S from Bannari Amman Institute of Technology on February 20, 2018. It covers objectives of understanding multinational corporations, globalization, technology transfer, and international rights. Specific topics discussed include the definition of multinational corporations, top MNCs, elements of globalization, the process of technology transfer, and establishing companies in India as a foreign business. Computer ethics and intellectual property are also examined.
This document discusses several ethical issues confronting multinational corporations (MNCs). It addresses concerns around child and forced labor, differing safety and security standards between countries, and long work hours required in some less developed countries. It suggests that MNCs should establish clear codes of conduct addressing these issues and outlining their stance in various ethics-related situations. Corporate social responsibility and balancing profits with good citizenship is also discussed as an increasing challenge for MNCs. Competition from local companies is presented as another challenge, with examples given of Indian companies that have stood up successfully to multinational competition.
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Employment LawMark Toth
Based on the description of Bob's unusual behavior, the best response is to give him a chance to explain his behavior (option D). His conduct suggests he may have been experiencing a medical issue or episode, so dismissing or punishing him without understanding the context could expose the employer to legal risk. Speaking with him respectfully and allowing for an explanation is the most prudent initial step.
The Future Legal Marketplace: Innovation, Extrapreneurship, and a Law Withou...Michele DeStefano
This document summarizes a presentation about innovations in the legal services market and legal education. It identifies current trends accelerating the adoption of technology and need for innovation, including the rising costs of legal services, globalization, and new non-lawyer competitors. Examples are provided of innovations like new legal businesses relying on technology and process, in-house legal departments adapting outside business models, and new law firm/legal services models. Legal education is also changing with the rise of online education like MOOCs and DOCCs. The presentation argues that both legal practice and education must innovate through collaboration to survive future challenges. It highlights LawWithoutWalls as bringing together law and business students globally to work on projects innovating legal
The need for an online legal marketplaceAmit Bakshi
The document discusses how the legal industry is shifting online as small businesses seek more affordable options and recent law graduates join small firms. While some companies offer self-service legal sites, complex legal work still requires customized human help. The online legal market allows for more efficient matching of clients and lawyers but is limited by outdated regulations. The startup LawPivot aims to create an online legal marketplace that addresses these issues and benefits both clients and lawyers.
1. The course introduces key concepts in understanding intellectual property law in institutional context, examining how IP law and institutions solve coordination problems among groups.
2. Readings analyze cattle ranching in California, industrial R&D, patent pools, peer production in open source software, and the role of social norms in stand-up comedy.
3. The course explores how formal and informal institutions interact with and rely on IP law to solve social problems, considering economic, sociological, and commons-based perspectives.
“The Ethical Side Of The Mortgage Crisis” and how Credit Rating Agencies are deeply involved in the creation and magnification of the Crisis back in 2008-2009, but from an ethical perspective with some comments on it.
This presentation by Joan-Ramon Borrell (University of Barcelona), José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, (University of Malaga), Carmen García & Juan-Luis Jiménez (both University of Las Palmas), was made during the workshop on Gender inclusive competition policy held virtually on 25 February 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gicp.
The document discusses human rights and business. It summarizes John Ruggie's UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, which establish that governments have a duty to protect human rights while businesses have a responsibility to respect them. The interviewees discuss how companies can identify and manage their human rights impacts through processes like human rights due diligence and impact assessments. They provide examples of companies realizing business benefits from respecting human rights and the risks of failing to address human rights issues.
The document discusses ethical, social, and political issues related to e-commerce. It provides answers to 53 multiple choice questions that test understanding of concepts like privacy, intellectual property, regulation of online activities, and ethical frameworks for analyzing issues. The questions cover topics such as privacy laws and standards, copyright law, net neutrality, taxation of online sales, and more.
Final professional ethics for midterm(1)JUNAIDJUANID
This document discusses various topics related to ethics in information technology. It begins by defining ethics and outlining some key principles of ethics like protecting an organization, consistency, and community goodwill. It then distinguishes between bribes and gifts. It provides recommendations for establishing ethics in an organization like appointing an ethics officer and developing a code of conduct. The document also defines a code of conduct and its purpose. It presents approaches to dealing with moral issues and resolving ethical dilemmas. Finally, it discusses some ethical issues specific to IT professionals and the increased responsibilities that come with being a professional.
As in house lawyers you’re ultimately responsible for the reputation of your business. This update seminar looked at various areas of law and at your role in protecting that reputation in the following areas:
- Data Protection – now that GDPR and (just in time) the Data Protection Act 2018 is in force – what have we seen since implementation? What does the recent case law and last minute ICO guidance tell us about how to deal with data? How can you best protect and prepare your business for data breaches. How should you best deal with suppliers, sub-contractors and others in order to keep your business out of the headlines?
- Employment – dealing with reputational risk and contractors, IR35 and self-employment. What do you need to do, to do right by your employees and contractors?
- Influencer marketing – with social media 'influencers' and 'brand ambassadors' being the latest in marketing ploys – what do agreements with them look like and what risks do they pose to you as a brand and under advertising law and data protection legislation?
- Vicarious liability – following the Barclays case – when are you liable for people who do work for you – whether or not they are employed by you?
- Public/private engagement – based on research by CBI and in the light of the recent changes - how best can private business engage with public sector opportunities? Where’s the reward and what’s the risk – should you be looking at this area?
The document provides a summary of a session for in-house lawyers on various employment law topics:
1. It discusses recent employment status cases and reforms to the "gig economy".
2. It outlines the implications of IR35 legislation for determining employment status and tax obligations for contractors working in the public and private sectors.
3. It addresses how employers can protect their reputation by having clear policies on social media use and activities outside of work, and ensuring any disciplinary actions are justified.
This presentation by Justus Haucap (DICE), Christina Heldman (DICE) and Holger Rau (University of Göttingen), was made during the workshop on Gender inclusive competition policy held virtually on 25 February 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gicp.
Annapolis, sept. 9 nudists not only get more complete sun tans but seem to ha...answersheet
The document discusses trends in corporate governance that were observed in discussions at Stanford's Director's College. It notes that right relations, which consider the roles and relationships entered into, are increasingly valued in ethical boardroom behavior. New trends in governance include that multiple stakeholders matter, political ability is valued, and governance itself is seen as a tool of strategy. Overall, there appears to be a shift from compliance-based to ethics-based governance.
1 Ethics and the engineer
2 Chapter introduction: Accuracy and rigour
Acting with care and competence
Staying within your limits
Keeping up to date
Ensuring others are not misled
Being objective
Evaluating risks
3 Chapter introduction: Honesty and integrity
Affecting others
Preventing corruption
Rejecting bribery
Gaining trust
4 Chapter introduction: Respect for life, law and public good
Justifying the work
Minimising and justifying adverse effects
Respecting limited resources
Health and safety
The reputation of engineering
5 Chapter introduction - Responsible leadership: listening and informing
Listening to society
Promoting public awareness
Truth and objectivity
Engineering Ethics
Senses of “Engineering Ethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories
This document discusses engineering ethics and the chemical engineering profession. It begins by outlining the definition of chemical engineering practice and the scope of practice according to the Chemical Engineering Law of 2004. It then discusses the importance of ethics for engineers, noting that engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of integrity and are dedicated to protecting public health, safety and welfare. The document also summarizes various codes of ethics for engineers from organizations like the National Society of Professional Engineers and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. It emphasizes that ethics is important not just for engineering but for many other fields as well.
This document discusses several ethical issues confronting multinational corporations (MNCs). It addresses concerns around child and forced labor, differing safety and security standards between countries, and long work hours required in some less developed countries. It suggests that MNCs should establish clear codes of conduct addressing these issues and outlining their stance in various ethics-related situations. Corporate social responsibility and balancing profits with good citizenship is also discussed as an increasing challenge for MNCs. Competition from local companies is presented as another challenge, with examples given of Indian companies that have stood up successfully to multinational competition.
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Employment LawMark Toth
Based on the description of Bob's unusual behavior, the best response is to give him a chance to explain his behavior (option D). His conduct suggests he may have been experiencing a medical issue or episode, so dismissing or punishing him without understanding the context could expose the employer to legal risk. Speaking with him respectfully and allowing for an explanation is the most prudent initial step.
The Future Legal Marketplace: Innovation, Extrapreneurship, and a Law Withou...Michele DeStefano
This document summarizes a presentation about innovations in the legal services market and legal education. It identifies current trends accelerating the adoption of technology and need for innovation, including the rising costs of legal services, globalization, and new non-lawyer competitors. Examples are provided of innovations like new legal businesses relying on technology and process, in-house legal departments adapting outside business models, and new law firm/legal services models. Legal education is also changing with the rise of online education like MOOCs and DOCCs. The presentation argues that both legal practice and education must innovate through collaboration to survive future challenges. It highlights LawWithoutWalls as bringing together law and business students globally to work on projects innovating legal
The need for an online legal marketplaceAmit Bakshi
The document discusses how the legal industry is shifting online as small businesses seek more affordable options and recent law graduates join small firms. While some companies offer self-service legal sites, complex legal work still requires customized human help. The online legal market allows for more efficient matching of clients and lawyers but is limited by outdated regulations. The startup LawPivot aims to create an online legal marketplace that addresses these issues and benefits both clients and lawyers.
1. The course introduces key concepts in understanding intellectual property law in institutional context, examining how IP law and institutions solve coordination problems among groups.
2. Readings analyze cattle ranching in California, industrial R&D, patent pools, peer production in open source software, and the role of social norms in stand-up comedy.
3. The course explores how formal and informal institutions interact with and rely on IP law to solve social problems, considering economic, sociological, and commons-based perspectives.
“The Ethical Side Of The Mortgage Crisis” and how Credit Rating Agencies are deeply involved in the creation and magnification of the Crisis back in 2008-2009, but from an ethical perspective with some comments on it.
This presentation by Joan-Ramon Borrell (University of Barcelona), José Manuel Ordóñez-de-Haro, (University of Malaga), Carmen García & Juan-Luis Jiménez (both University of Las Palmas), was made during the workshop on Gender inclusive competition policy held virtually on 25 February 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gicp.
The document discusses human rights and business. It summarizes John Ruggie's UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, which establish that governments have a duty to protect human rights while businesses have a responsibility to respect them. The interviewees discuss how companies can identify and manage their human rights impacts through processes like human rights due diligence and impact assessments. They provide examples of companies realizing business benefits from respecting human rights and the risks of failing to address human rights issues.
The document discusses ethical, social, and political issues related to e-commerce. It provides answers to 53 multiple choice questions that test understanding of concepts like privacy, intellectual property, regulation of online activities, and ethical frameworks for analyzing issues. The questions cover topics such as privacy laws and standards, copyright law, net neutrality, taxation of online sales, and more.
Final professional ethics for midterm(1)JUNAIDJUANID
This document discusses various topics related to ethics in information technology. It begins by defining ethics and outlining some key principles of ethics like protecting an organization, consistency, and community goodwill. It then distinguishes between bribes and gifts. It provides recommendations for establishing ethics in an organization like appointing an ethics officer and developing a code of conduct. The document also defines a code of conduct and its purpose. It presents approaches to dealing with moral issues and resolving ethical dilemmas. Finally, it discusses some ethical issues specific to IT professionals and the increased responsibilities that come with being a professional.
As in house lawyers you’re ultimately responsible for the reputation of your business. This update seminar looked at various areas of law and at your role in protecting that reputation in the following areas:
- Data Protection – now that GDPR and (just in time) the Data Protection Act 2018 is in force – what have we seen since implementation? What does the recent case law and last minute ICO guidance tell us about how to deal with data? How can you best protect and prepare your business for data breaches. How should you best deal with suppliers, sub-contractors and others in order to keep your business out of the headlines?
- Employment – dealing with reputational risk and contractors, IR35 and self-employment. What do you need to do, to do right by your employees and contractors?
- Influencer marketing – with social media 'influencers' and 'brand ambassadors' being the latest in marketing ploys – what do agreements with them look like and what risks do they pose to you as a brand and under advertising law and data protection legislation?
- Vicarious liability – following the Barclays case – when are you liable for people who do work for you – whether or not they are employed by you?
- Public/private engagement – based on research by CBI and in the light of the recent changes - how best can private business engage with public sector opportunities? Where’s the reward and what’s the risk – should you be looking at this area?
The document provides a summary of a session for in-house lawyers on various employment law topics:
1. It discusses recent employment status cases and reforms to the "gig economy".
2. It outlines the implications of IR35 legislation for determining employment status and tax obligations for contractors working in the public and private sectors.
3. It addresses how employers can protect their reputation by having clear policies on social media use and activities outside of work, and ensuring any disciplinary actions are justified.
This presentation by Justus Haucap (DICE), Christina Heldman (DICE) and Holger Rau (University of Göttingen), was made during the workshop on Gender inclusive competition policy held virtually on 25 February 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/gicp.
Annapolis, sept. 9 nudists not only get more complete sun tans but seem to ha...answersheet
The document discusses trends in corporate governance that were observed in discussions at Stanford's Director's College. It notes that right relations, which consider the roles and relationships entered into, are increasingly valued in ethical boardroom behavior. New trends in governance include that multiple stakeholders matter, political ability is valued, and governance itself is seen as a tool of strategy. Overall, there appears to be a shift from compliance-based to ethics-based governance.
1 Ethics and the engineer
2 Chapter introduction: Accuracy and rigour
Acting with care and competence
Staying within your limits
Keeping up to date
Ensuring others are not misled
Being objective
Evaluating risks
3 Chapter introduction: Honesty and integrity
Affecting others
Preventing corruption
Rejecting bribery
Gaining trust
4 Chapter introduction: Respect for life, law and public good
Justifying the work
Minimising and justifying adverse effects
Respecting limited resources
Health and safety
The reputation of engineering
5 Chapter introduction - Responsible leadership: listening and informing
Listening to society
Promoting public awareness
Truth and objectivity
Engineering Ethics
Senses of “Engineering Ethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories
This document discusses engineering ethics and the chemical engineering profession. It begins by outlining the definition of chemical engineering practice and the scope of practice according to the Chemical Engineering Law of 2004. It then discusses the importance of ethics for engineers, noting that engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of integrity and are dedicated to protecting public health, safety and welfare. The document also summarizes various codes of ethics for engineers from organizations like the National Society of Professional Engineers and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. It emphasizes that ethics is important not just for engineering but for many other fields as well.
Working Through Ethical Dilemmas: When the Deciding Gets ToughBarry Casey
Making ethical choices is never easy, but it helps to know what are ethical dilemmas and what comes down to doing the right thing rather than the wrong thing. Here are some insights—and tools—to understanding ethical dilemmas.
The document outlines the steps taken to address an ethical dilemma regarding hiring a candidate with a criminal record against company policy. The dilemma involved a candidate with a felony forgery conviction from 2000 who had been rehabilitated. After getting the facts, identifying the options of hiring him or not, and testing the options, the decision was made to hire him based on evidence of his rehabilitation. He was given a role without financial access and has now worked successfully for 6 months with no issues.
David Resnik - MedicReS World Congress 2012MedicReS
Ethical Dilemmas in Scientific Research
David B. Resnik, JD, PhD, NIEHS/NIH
This research is supported by the NIEHS/NIH. It does not represent the views of the NIEHS, NIH, or US government.
This document discusses new ethical dilemmas arising from increasing use of technology by counselors. It begins by outlining the history of technology use in counseling from audio taping in the 1940s to current uses of email, texting and social media. It then discusses different types of digital users from digital immigrants to natives and the digital divide.
Next, it covers specific issues around social media use, providing statistics on popular sites and detailing how clients commonly use technology. It outlines ethical issues around counselor self-disclosure on social media and maintaining privacy when emailing or texting clients.
Finally, it questions whether counselors should have social media policies and explores different policy considerations around friending clients, posting photos,
This document discusses strategies for managing ethical dilemmas, including setting codes of ethics, imposing sanctions, education programs, and using decision-support frameworks. It provides examples of codes of ethics from various professions and organizations. It also presents sample ethical dilemmas and asks how to prevent or handle each one, focusing on identifying the dilemma, options to address it, and why each option may be problematic. The role of an investigator in addressing each dilemma is also discussed.
The Titanic was a British passenger ship that was considered unsinkable but sank on its maiden voyage from England to America in April 1912. It hit an iceberg that caused a large hole below the waterline, and the Titanic sank within three hours, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people. The Titanic was luxurious for its passengers but lacked enough lifeboats for all aboard due to the belief it was unsinkable.
The document discusses ethics in engineering. It begins by defining ethics as a system of moral principles that govern conduct. It notes that as engineers design products and processes that impact society, they must consider the ethical implications and consequences. The code of ethics for engineers is discussed, which provides principles for engineers to uphold their professional responsibilities and act in the best interests of society. Practicing ethics is important for engineering students to avoid issues like plagiarism and cheating, which can undermine competency and harm other honest students. Overall, the document emphasizes that ethics are an essential part of engineering due to the significant impacts of engineering work.
1. Ethics involves examining concepts of right and wrong conduct and applying philosophical reasoning to recommend moral rules of behavior.
2. Engineering ethics guides engineers to act with social responsibility for safety and to consider how their work impacts people.
3. Codes of ethics establish standards for engineers to act honorably and prioritize public welfare over other concerns in their work.
This document discusses several MMS scandals that have occurred in India involving the non-consensual sharing of nude images. It notes MMS scandals rocking schools in Jamshedpur and Delhi Business School. It also mentions a scandal involving South Indian actresses Namitha and Malavika. The document advises parents to monitor what sites their children frequent online, who their online friends are, what they discuss, and what they do online in order to prevent cyber issues and use the internet responsibly.
This document discusses several ethical issues related to privacy and security in a digital context. It addresses privacy invasions like intrusion of solitude and public disclosure of private facts. It defines hacking and identifies three categories of hackers. It examines ethical perspectives on hacking including utilitarian, rights, fairness, common good, and virtue perspectives. It also covers information security concepts like confidentiality, integrity and availability. It discusses identity theft and provides tips for prevention.
A nuclear accident is defined as an event involving significant radioactive release or reactor core melt. Examples include Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters where earthquakes and tsunamis disabled cooling systems, causing reactor cores to melt. This can release massive amounts of radiation into the environment for hundreds of years. During a meltdown, the extreme heat causes reactor fuel to melt through containment and react with groundwater, potentially causing large radioactive steam explosions. Proper cooling systems are needed to safely control reactor heat and prevent meltdowns.
Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and Reducing Risk - Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination
The document defines different types of disasters including natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, man-made disasters triggered by human activity, and technological disasters caused by industrial accidents or infrastructure failures. It provides examples of specific disaster types such as nuclear disasters from accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island, the Bhopal chemical plant leak, and oil spills. The impacts of disasters can persist for years through conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
The document discusses engineering ethics and why it is important for engineers to consider ethics in their professional work. It covers several key topics:
- Engineering ethics refers to the rules and standards that govern how engineers should conduct themselves. It aims to provide guidance on balancing responsibilities to clients, costs, and risks.
- Notable engineering failures in the past have increased awareness of the far-reaching impacts of engineering on society and the need for professional responsibility.
- Questionable practices include forging data, plagiarism, and conflicts of interest while clearly wrong practices are lying, deception, and revealing confidential information.
- The goal of engineering ethics is to help engineers think critically about moral issues and apply ethical reasoning to professional situations
The document outlines the materials used in constructing the Titanic and analyzes the causes of its sinking. It notes that the Titanic was constructed using thousands of mild steel plates and over 2 million steel and wrought iron rivets. The failure of the wrought iron rivets in sealing the hull plates, along with design flaws of the watertight compartments, caused the ship to sink after colliding with an iceberg. Tests showed the wrought iron rivets were more brittle than steel rivets, and likely fractured on impact due to the low temperature of the water. Had it been constructed using modern steels, the Titanic may not have sunk as quickly.
Computer Engineering Ethics course @ Birzeit University
Slides set 1: what is professionalism. Importance of Engineering. Course outcomes. Codes of Ethics. Challenger shuttle disaster. Ford Pinto case.
This assignment provides an opportunity to analyze a key IT-rela.docxchristalgrieg
This assignment provides an opportunity to analyze a key IT-related organizational ethical issue, related toprivacysubject to relevant laws, regulations, and policies. The following sites provide sources, and an excellent backdrop for issues relating to privacy protection and the law.
EPIC Privacy Issues at: http://epic.org/privacy/
The site includes sub-topics discussing information privacy, privacy laws, applications and court rulings (case law is usually an extension of the basic law based on the facts from specific cases and real-world court decisions), and key privacy and anonymity issues. The site provides many interesting topics; please choose one of the following sub topics:
· Government surveillance
· Location privacy
· Uber privacy policy
1. Use the template below and the list of suggested workforce privacy topics from the site above to produce a matrix to map a key organizational ethical issue and how this issue is affected by laws, regulations, and policies. Use the list of normative ethics principles below to help you complete the matrix. Choose any three (only three) of the following list of twelve (12) principles of normative ethics described below.
Normative Ethics List
1. Autonomy: is the duty to maximize the individual's right to make his or her own decisions.
2. Beneficence: is the duty to do good both individually and for all.
3. Confidentiality: is the duty to respect privacy of information and action.
4. Equality: is the duty to view all people as moral equals.
5. Finality: is the duty to take action that may override the demands of law, religion, and social customs.
6. Justice: is the duty to treat all fairly, distributing the risks and benefits equally.
7. Non-maleficence: is the duty to cause no harm, both individually and for all.
8. Understanding/Tolerance: is the duty to understand and to accept another viewpoint if reason dictates doing so is warranted.
9. Publicity: is the duty to take actions based on ethical standards that must be known and recognized by all who are involved.
10. Respect for persons: is the duty to honor others, their rights, and their responsibilities. Showing respect others implies that we do not treat them as a mere means to our end.
11. Universality: is the duty to take actions that hold for everyone, regardless of time, place, or people involved. This concept is similar to the Categorical Imperative.
12. Veracity: is the duty to tell the truth.
2. Prepare the Ethical Issue matrix and include the following explanation (200 words) —double-space your narrative—below the matrix:
1. Why I chose the dilemma;
2. Why I chose the three principles; and
3. An analysis of the research used to identify the actions in the matrix.
The completed matrix allows you to weigh the different issues involved and assign a rank as to the importance of the actions based on the effect on the stakeholders.
· Indicate appropriate APA in-text and source citations for all sources.
A sample template for the ma ...
Code of Ethics in Engineering for public safetyssuser49c0db
Codes of ethics are important for engineers as they serve to protect the public, provide guidance for engineers, and promote shared standards and understanding. However, codes can be too vague or unable to cover all situations. Fundamental canons for engineers include holding paramount public safety, only practicing in areas of competence, being objective and truthful in public statements, acting as faithful agents, avoiding deception, and conducting themselves honorably. Several professional organizations, like NSPE, AIChE, AMA, and IEEE, have their own detailed codes of ethics that engineers are expected to follow in order to maintain high standards of integrity and protect public health, safety, and welfare.
Project DescriptionApply decision-making frameworks to IT-rela.docxbriancrawford30935
Project Description
Apply decision-making frameworks to IT-related ethical issues
There are several ethical theories described in Module 1: Ethical Theories. Module 2: Methods of Ethical Decision Making, describes frameworks for ethical analysis. For this paper, use the Reynolds Seven-Step approach to address the following:
· Describe a current IT-related ethical issue; and define a problem statement
· Analyze your problem using a decision-making framework chosen from Module 2.
· Discuss the applicable ethical theory from Module 1 that supports your decision.
· Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper.
· Use APA style and format. Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) reference citations for all sources. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your paper should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style.
Each of Reynolds seven steps must be a major heading in your paper.
Here are some suggested issues-
1. Workplace Issue.
2. Privacy on the Web. What is happening now in terms of privacy on the Web? Think about recent abuses and improvements. Describe and evaluate Web site policies, technical and privacy policy protections, and current proposals for government regulations.
3. Personal Data Privacy Regulations in Other Countries. Report on personal data privacy regulations, Web site privacy policies, and governmental/law enforcement about access to personal data in one or more countries; e.g., the European Union. This is especially relevant as our global economic community expands and we are more dependent on non-US clients for e-Business over the Internet. (Note: new proposed regulations are under review in Europe.)
4. Spam. Describe new technical solutions and the current state of regulation. Consider the relevance of freedom of speech. Discuss the roles of technical and legislative solutions.
5. Computer-Based Crimes. Discuss the most prevalent types of computer crimes, such as Phishing. Analyze why and how these can occur. Describe protective measures that might assist in preventing or mitigating these types of crimes.
6. Government surveillance of the Internet. The 9/11 attacks on the US in 2001 brought many new laws and permits more government surveillance of the Internet. Is this a good idea? Many issues are cropping up daily in our current periodicals!
7. The Digital Divide. Does it exist; what does it look like; and, what are the ethical considerations and impact?
8. Privacy in the Workplace: Monitoring Employee Web and E-Mail Use. What are current opinions concerning monitoring employee computer use. What policies are employers using? Should this be authorized or not? Policies are changing even now!
9. Medical Privacy. Who owns your medical history? What is the state of current legislation to protect your health information? Is it sufficient? There are new incentives with federal stimulus financing for health care organizations to de.
The document is the IEEE Code of Ethics. It commits members of the IEEE to upholding the highest standards of integrity, ethical conduct, and professional responsibility. It outlines 10 principles that members must follow, including holding public safety and welfare as paramount, avoiding conflicts of interest, being honest in work, treating all people fairly and with respect, and ensuring colleagues also uphold the code.
This document provides an overview of the CSE332 Industry Ethics and Legal Issues course. It includes information about the course objectives, textbook, assessment breakdown, unit topics, and learning outcomes. The course aims to help students understand ethical and legal issues in the information technology industry. It covers six units, including ethics, companies acts, government funding schemes for startups, legal and professional issues in information security, and intellectual property. Students will learn about maintaining an ethical work environment, complying with cyber laws, and respecting intellectual property rights.
The document discusses ethics in product creation. It provides an agenda that covers frames of reference, definitions of ethics, and three discussion points: accountability, consent, and offboarding. For accountability, it discusses how everyone contributing to a product is responsible for its effects. For consent, it emphasizes the importance of plain language, time for reflection, and avoiding coercion. For offboarding, it uses a relationship analogy to describe the user journey and highlights the importance of the experience when users choose to leave a product or service. The document provides examples and perspectives on these topics from experts and policies. It aims to start a discussion on integrating ethics into digital product development.
This document discusses professional ethics and resolving ethical dilemmas. It begins by defining ethics and explaining why ethics are important in society. It then discusses recommended ethical principles like trustworthiness, respect, and fairness. It provides examples of ethical and unethical behavior. It also presents models for resolving ethical dilemmas, including obtaining relevant facts, identifying the ethical issues, considering alternatives and consequences, and making a decision. Finally, it discusses ethics codes from organizations like ACM and applies them to a case study about a software developer using others' code without credit.
Should every Listed Company have an Ethics Officer?T A Sairam
This document discusses whether listed companies should have an ethics officer. It begins by defining listed companies and noting regulations requiring them to have a code of ethics. It then provides examples of unethical behavior at Toyota and Chevron to illustrate the need for ethics oversight. The roles and responsibilities of an ethics officer are outlined, including risk assessment, policy development, training, and investigating reports of issues. Data is presented showing companies with ethics programs have a stronger reputation. In conclusion, the benefits of an ethics officer, such as building trust and integrating business objectives with compliance, outweigh the costs of hiring one and maintaining an ethics program.
An ethical dilemma is a situation that requires choosing between two undesirable options. This document discusses sources of ethical dilemmas in business, how they affect stakeholders like shareholders, employees and society, and methods for resolving dilemmas. It provides examples of dilemmas arising from conflicts between personal and organizational values or between business and social values. Approaches to resolving dilemmas include considering the consequences of choices and whether they respect rights and distribute benefits fairly.
This document discusses various ethical, social, and political issues related to information systems. It provides examples of companies like Enron that misused information systems unethically. It presents models for analyzing the ripple effects of new technologies and how ethical analysis involves identifying facts, stakeholders, options, and consequences. The document also discusses principles that can guide ethical decisions, such as responsibility, accountability, and privacy rights. It emphasizes that as technology changes society rapidly, ethics are needed to make choices in legally gray areas.
This document provides an instructor's manual for a chapter on ethical, social, and political issues in e-commerce. It outlines key teaching objectives around privacy, intellectual property, governance, and public safety issues. It also defines important terms and concepts, provides an overview of the chapter contents, and offers teaching suggestions for facilitating discussion on these complex topics. The document is intended to help instructors teach students to thoughtfully analyze e-commerce through an ethical lens.
This document provides an instructor's manual for a chapter on ethical, social, and political issues in e-commerce. It outlines key teaching objectives around privacy, intellectual property, governance, and public safety issues. It also defines important terms and concepts, provides an overview of the chapter contents, and offers teaching suggestions for facilitating discussion on these complex topics. The document aims to help students analyze e-commerce dilemmas through various frameworks and consider how businesses can balance ethical practices with legal compliance.
Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information SystemsSammer Qader
This document discusses ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems. It introduces key concepts like privacy, intellectual property, and accountability. It identifies five moral dimensions impacted by new technologies: information rights, property rights, system quality, quality of life, and accountability. Technological advances like increased computing power, data storage, data analysis, and networking have introduced new challenges around these issues that societies are still adapting to. The document advocates analyzing issues using a five-step approach and developing professional codes of conduct to help guide ethical decisions.
This document provides an overview of the CSE332 Industry Ethics and Legal Issues course at Lovely Professional University. It outlines the course structure including units, textbook, assessment breakdown, and learning outcomes. The 6 units cover topics like ethics, companies, government funding schemes for startups, legal and professional issues in information security, and intellectual property. Overall, the course aims to help students understand ethical and legal considerations in the information technology industry.
The document discusses various topics related to ethics in information technology including:
- The need for ethics culture and how it is applied through creeds, programs, and codes of conduct.
- Information ethics and the ethical implications of issues like security, power structures, and new crimes.
- Examples of codes of ethics from organizations like ACM and IEEE that promote ethical conduct.
- How to develop codes of ethics and conduct by reviewing values, past issues, and other examples.
professional ethics in engineering unit 3 ppt engineering as social experimentation describe as social things which helps us to understand the nature of ethics iwifbibisbvbkibvfiiasdbvkasdbvki
This document provides an overview of IEEE ethics and safety training. It covers perceptions of engineering, the IEEE code of ethics, moral frameworks, virtues in engineering, engineering as experimentation, safety, risk, design considerations, and professionalism. Key topics discussed include the importance of codes of ethics, balancing cost and safety in design, and recognizing that absolute safety is not attainable but continuous improvement is important.
As a general rule engineers and scientists do not harbour any ambition to disadvantage their fellow man, quite the reverse! They get up every day with an ambition to improve the situation and do so against a backdrop of hard-earned truths, practices and physical laws. In effect; they come to the party with an ethical framework of investigation, experimentation, innovation, design, build, deploy and support! It is in their DNA; forged (tried and tested) over hundreds of years and one of the founding components of our technological advance and success. Without such discipline; such a framework; such experience and knowledge we would still be in the realms of Alchemy and Witchcraft!
Outside this sector, we see a far fuzzier, uncertain and ill-defined world of management that spans every human activity from companies to institutions, governments and the military. Here the rules of the game are far more uncertain and dynamic, and the ethical framework far less developed and clear.
In every domain we remain governed by human behaviours and fallibilities. And to err is human - that is; mistakes happen no matter what laws and frameworks are in place. Even if we are open, honest and ethical stuff still goes wrong! But overall our intent is to minimise the occurrence of damage, hurt, injury and death!
In this lecture and the associated series on management we lay out the essentials of professional ethics and give examples of classic fails. We also include exercises in ethics for students to engage and think through.
In the same way laws do not eradicate crime; ethics cannot stop all errors!
Similar a Engineering Ethics: Is It Black & White Or Is It Gray? (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
3. What Is Ethics?
Ethics refers to standards of behavior that
tell us how human beings ought to act in
the many situations in which they find
themselves-as friends, parents, children,
citizens, businesspeople, teachers,
professionals, and so on.
standards of behavior = “a decision making process”
Image Credit: http://ansam518.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/question-2/
Image Credit: http://www.sirlin.net/articles/slippery-slope-and-perpetual-comeback.html
4. Where Did Engineering Ethics
Come From?
• Boston Molasses
Disaster
• Ashtabula River
Railroad Disaster
• Etc.
5. Two Solutions To The
Engineering Ethics Problem
• License Engineers
– US model: Only requires those
practicing independently (i.e.
consulting engineers) to be
licensed,
– Engineers working in industry,
education, and sometimes
government need not be licensed.
• Professional Societies Created A
Code of Ethics
– National Society of Professional
Engineers
– American Society of Civil
Engineers
– IEEE
8. What Is Ethics?
1. “Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is
right or wrong.“
2. “Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs.”
3. “Being ethical is doing what the law requires.”
4. “Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our
society accepts.“
9. Feelings = Ethics? Jared Lee Loughner
• Many people tend to equate ethics
with their feelings.
• But being ethical is clearly not a
matter of following one's feelings.
• A person following his or her
feelings may recoil from doing what
is right.
Anders Behring Breivik
• In fact, feelings frequently deviate
from what is ethical.
Image Credit: http://www.neontommy.com/tags/representative-giffords
Image Credit: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/galleries/explosion_rocks_downtown_oslo_norway/explosion_rocks_downtown_oslo_norway.html
10. Religion = Ethics?
Does ethics apply only to religious people?
Religion can set high ethical
standards and can provide
intense motivations for
ethical behavior.
Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same
as religion.
11. Following The Law = Ethics?
Image Credit: http://www.confederatemercantile.com/catalog.html
Image Credit: http://angelasfailure.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html
12. Doing What Society Accepts = Ethics?
Image Credit: http://jasonaclark.com/2009/08/06/does-anyone-else-think-this-sounds-like-nazi-germany-gop-tcot-txcot/
13. Ethics Case Study: The Job Offer
A graduating engineering student is interviewing with several
companies for an entry-level position. He receives an attractive offer
from company A. Since the job market is very competitive, he feels it
unlikely that another company will give an offer, much less an attractive
one. The student accepts company A’s offer and returns a signed letter
of acceptance which documents the terms of the position.
However, he receives an offer from company B one week afterwards. This new
opportunity has a higher salary, more benefits, better advancement
prospects, and a more desirable location. It is significantly better in all
respects.
Since only one week has past since the first acceptance was
returned and the new opportunity is clearly in his professional and
financial interests, he tells company A that he has changed his mind
and accepts the offer of company B. Company A does not express any
criticism of the student’s actions.
Image Credit: http://providentstl.org/job-and-life-skills-resources/interviewmistakestoavoid.html
14. Was Anyone Harmed?
• REFERENCES: Relevant sections of the IEEE
code
• Preamble: … to the highest ethical and
professional conduct …
• 9. to avoid injuring others, their property,
reputation, or employment by false or
malicious action.
15. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
16. Ethics & YOU!
Hank Morris doing his perp walk after being indicted on 123, count ‘em, 123
counts relating to taking multi-million dollar kickbacks from those wanting to
manage money for the New York State pension fund.
Image Credit: http://polizeros.com/2009/03/21/daily-rogues-report-hank-morris/
17. Why Identifying Ethical Standards
is Hard!
2 Big Problems With Identifying
Ethical Standards To Use:
1. What should we base our ethical standards on?
2. How should we apply these ethical standards to specific real
life situations we face?
Image Credit: http://blog.inlina.com/category/entertainment/
18. Sources Of Ethical Standards
The Utilitarian
Approach
The Rights
Approach
The Virtue
Approach
The Fairness or
Justice Approach
The Common Good
Approach
20. Source: The Rights Approach
Image Credit: http://www.humanrightsnigeria.org/human-rights-lawyer.html
http://walyou.com/hobo-bed-sheets-design/
21. Source:
The Fairness or Justice Approach
Image Credit: http://www.lostartofblogging.com/running-multiple-blogs-advantages-vs-disadvantages
image Credit: http://risezine.wordpress.com/page/7/
22. Source: The Common Good Approach
Image Credit: http://ling.osa.pl/911/?said=3333g&q=puzzle+pieces
Image Credit: http://elderlawsolution.com/elderlaw/2011/05/16/stressors-when-caring-for-elderly-parents/
24. Ethics Case Study
• Your company sells cables for $250 that are just as good as $50 cables.
• Your boss has asked you to create a document that confirms that your cables
are worth the extra cost.
• It’s not really true – what do you do?
Image Credit: http://www.ohgizmo.com/2008/03/04/monster-cables-get-hung-drawn-quartered/
Image Credit: http://consumerist.com/2008/02/monster-cables-monster-ripoff-80-markups.html
25. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
26. Ethics & YOU!
Galleon Group founder Raj Rajaratnam, charged by the U.S. Justice Department
and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, accused of reaping more than
$20 million by trading on inside information in a dozen companies.
Image Credit: http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/10241
27. A Framework for
Ethical Decision Making
How do you recognize an ethical issue?
1. Could this decision or situation be damaging to someone or to some
group? Does this decision involve a choice between a good and bad
alternative, or perhaps between two "goods" or between two
"bads"?
2. Is this issue about more than what is legal or what is most efficient?
If so, how?
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
28. Ethics Case Study: A Reference
Request
• A former employee who was fired due to poor quality
work, absences, and lateness related to her drinking
problem, informs you that she has applied for a position
at another company and has already given your name as a
reference.
• She desperately needs a job (she is a single parent with
three children), and she asks you to give her a good
recommendation and not mention her drinking, which she
assures you is now under control.
• She also asks you to say that she voluntarily left the
company to address a family medical crisis, and that the
company was pleased with her work. You like this person
and believe she is a good worker when she is not drinking.
• You doubt that she really has overcome her drinking
problem, however, and you would not recommend your
own company hire her back.
Image Credit: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1290542/Drinking-alcohol-pregnancy-damages-sperm-quality-sons.html
29. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
30. Ethics & YOU!
Ken Lay, CEO of Enron
Image Credit: http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/10241
31. Building An Ethical Framework
Framework So Far
• Recognize an Ethical Issue
You need to collect all of the
facts
•
•
What individuals and groups have an
important stake in the outcome? Are
some concerns more important? Why?
•
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
What are the relevant facts of the case?
What facts are not known? Can I learn
more about the situation? Do I know
enough to make a decision?
What are the options for acting? Have
all the relevant persons and groups
been consulted? Have I identified
creative options?
32. Ethics Case Study: Going Green?
•
An online auction site could order the shirts from a low-cost
company in China or they could order them from a fair-trade
company in San Francisco, which provided safe conditions and
higher wages for the workers who made the clothing.
•
The fair trade shirts cost $28.65,making the grand total for the
project $8,595. In contrast, the Chinese T-shirts are $5.50 each,
and the company's Web site promised fast and free delivery for a
grand total of $1,100.
•
The T-shirts from China would be cheaper so that they could
create a more elaborate design with more graphics and color.
•
Working conditions in China are not good: low wages, rigorous
work schedule, poor safety regulations, and the complete lack of
worker's compensation and benefits.
•
The San Francisco T-shirt company could provide shirts that were
more expensive, they were fair-trade, organic, and eco-friendly.
•
What should they do and why?
Image Credit: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1290542/Drinking-alcohol-pregnancy-damages-sperm-quality-sons.html
33. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
34. Ethics & YOU!
Ralph Cioffi, former manager of two Bears Stearns
hedge funds arrested for mail fraud and conspiracy
Image Credit: http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/10241
35. Building An Ethical Framework
Framework So Far
• Recognize an Ethical Issue
• Get the Facts
Evaluate Alternative Actions
Which option will produce the most
good and do the least harm?
(The Utilitarian Approach)
•
Which option best respects the rights of
all who have a stake?
(The Rights Approach)
•
Which option treats people equally or
proportionately?
(The Justice Approach)
•
Which option best serves the
community as a whole, not just some
members?
(The Common Good Approach)
•
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
•
Which option leads me to act as the
sort of person I want to be?
(The Virtue Approach)
36. Ethics Case Study(s)
Receiving a Holiday Gift:
A supplier sends a basket of expensive foodstuffs to your home at Christmas
with a card: "We hope you and your family enjoy the 'goodies.‘". What action(s)
might you want to take?
Sales Expense:
The purchasing manager for a large company agrees to give you an order (their
first), expecting you agree to make a $200 donation to his favorite charity, a local
youth sports team. How do you respond?
Sales Expense Reimbursement:
A customer executive from Southeast Asia will visit your HQ facility and meet
with your executive team. Your independent Southeast Asian agent requests
that you reimburse the customer for his expenses, including expenses that could
violate your company's policies. The agent will reimburse you. How do you
Image Credit: http://wine-bohemia.info/tag/wine-gift-basket/page/2/
proceed?
Image Credit: http://mogosport.wordpress.com/2011/06/06/parenting-and-youth-sports/
Image Credit: http://news.cnet.com/8301-30684_3-10360549-265.html
37. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
38. Ethics & YOU!
Former Bear Stearns hedge fund manager, Matthew Tanin,
being arrested for fraud.
Image Credit: http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/10241
39. Building An Ethical Framework
Framework So Far
• Recognize an Ethical Issue
• Get the Facts
• Evaluate Alternative Actions
Make a Decision and Test It
• Considering all these
approaches, which option
best addresses the
situation?
• If I told someone I respector told a television
audience-which option I
have chosen, what would
they say?
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
40. Ethics: Case Study(s)
References:
Conflict of Interest:
A large, prospective client calls you and asks about a
competitor's reputation. One of your long time
customers had a very bad experience with this
competitor. What information do you share with the
prospect? How do you respond to the prospect’s
call?
As department manager, you are hosting an informal
celebration in the office. The food budget is $200.
Your next door neighbor has just started her own
catering business and asks to supply the food. Since
she is just starting out, she'll do it at cost and provide
extra items at no charge. What might you want to
consider?
Gratuities:
Competition:
A customer has a large sailing yacht on a vessel that
your company will be unloading. The customer is
present and is watching the off-loading operation.
You are in a head-to-head battle with your arch
competitor, Evil Enterprises. One of your co-workers
approaches you. He has recently joined your
company after having worked for a second
competitor for several years.
The five stevedores and you manage pull off a very
tricky maneuver, safely transferring the yacht to the
trailer. The customer is elated, and reaches into his
pocket, pulling out a big wad of $50 bills. What do
you do?
He suggests, "I made notes on all of Evil's bids when I
could get the data. They use some clear cost
standards. Would you like me to bring my notes to
Image Credit: http://images.google.com/url?source=imglanding&ct=ref&q=http://truittdesign.personablesolutions.com/References.aspx
the office tomorrow and let you look through them?"
Image Credit: http://images.google.com/url?source=imglanding&ct=ref&q=http://cruisefever.net/if-i-prepay-the-tips-on-my-cruise-do-i-need-to-tip-anyone-else
Image Credit: http://www.highlighthealth.com/health-news/medical-journal-conflict-of-interest-disclosure-and-other-issues/
How do you respond?
Image Credit: http://fitsit360.com/tag/competition/
41. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
42. Ethics & YOU!
Danielle Chiesi, the former beauty queen turned stock trader got 30
months in prison. Ceisei passed on insider stock information to her
married boss and lover, Mark Kurland
Image Credit: http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/10241
43. Should We Ship?
The company records-retention policy instructs employees to discard
development records and test results for products five years after End of Life is
declared. This policy is in compliance with local legal requirements.
Because of how much work you have, you’ve not disposed of some old records,
and they are a couple of years over the limit for the company policy. You finally
get time to clean out your files, but then you receive a legal request for any
information about the old product that is involved in an injury case. Your records
may or may not be applicable to the case.
Should you destroy the records?
You have just discovered that a country in the Far East has new regulations that
apply to your product. The requirement is to submit a report and get a file
number to apply to your product - after the government department has given
its OK. However, you know from industry contacts that there is no enforcement
of the law at this time.
Should you delay shipping products until they are compliant or take other
action?
Image Credit: http://www.servitokss.com/question-marks/
44. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
45. Ethics & YOU!
Ernst Lieb, the former president and chief executive of Mercedes-Benz USA was
fired after repeatedly flouting rules governing the use of company funds and
influence. He paid golf-club fees through Daimler and granted rentals of
vehicles in exchange for flight upgrades. He was reported to have used
corporate funds to build his house in the New York region.
Image Credit: http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/2009/04/qa-mercedes-benz-us-ceo-ernst-lieb/
46. Ethics Case Studies
Case #1:
Your company's product uses some supplementary circuit protection in larger
units. While visiting the factory for another reason, you tour the production line
and notice that the protectors are different from the ones you originally evaluated.
They seem to have the same ratings, but you suspect they may not be suitable as a
substitute.
This product is not your responsibility, and you would have to do some research to
figure out if there is a problem.
Image Credit: http://www.ecvv.com/product/92043.html
47. Ethics Case Studies
Case #2:
The latest edition of the standard that applies to your
products now has three pages of "safety" markings and
warnings specified. So many warnings about very
unlikely situations greatly reduce the impact of
warnings that might prevent dangerous events. You
have actually surveyed customers and found that to be
true.
Should you reduce the warning labels to only to the
important ones or just follow the standards of the
certification agencies?
Your marketing department wants you to colorcoordinate and reduce in size the warning labels. The
new version still would comply with the standard, but it
would not stand out on the machine.
Should you resist the change?
Image Credit: http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/12506_div/12506_div.HTML
48. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
49. Building An Ethical Framework
Framework So Far
• Recognize an Ethical Issue
• Get the Facts
• Evaluate Alternative Actions
• Make a Decision and Test It
Act and Reflect on the Outcome
• How can my decision be
implemented with the
greatest care and attention
to the concerns of all
stakeholders?
• How did my decision turn
out and what have I learned
from this specific situation?
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
50. Should We Ship?
A new high-end computer is ready to ship - except for one test that you will not
complete for another three weeks. The probability of failure is low - and even if
the test fails, corrections can be made and sent out later to customers.
Marketing is VERY anxious to ship because the end of the fiscal quarter is next
week.
Should you put on the agency mark and ship while finishing the test?
Your boss tells you that this has occurred before; the company shipped the
product, and there was no problem. He also says that if you do not want to sign
off, then he will do so.
What should you do?
Products were shipped before this test was completed - but it happened
when you were on a business trip. The production manager apologizes,
but doesn't want to take any action.
What should you do?
Image Credit: http://www.servitokss.com/question-marks/
51. IEEE Code Of Ethics
1.
We, the members of the IEEE,
in recognition of the
importance of our
technologies in affecting the
quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a
personal obligation to our
profession, its members and
the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to
the highest ethical and
professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with
the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose
promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment;
2.
To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever
possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they
do exist;
3.
To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based
on available data;
4.
To reject bribery in all its forms;
5.
To improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate
application, and potential consequences;
6.
To maintain and improve our technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by
training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations;
7.
To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work,
to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the
contributions of others;
8.
To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race,
religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
9.
To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;
10.
To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional
development and to support them in following this code of
ethics.
52. Building An Ethical Framework
Framework
1. Recognize an Ethical Issue
2. Get the Facts
3. Evaluate Alternative
Actions
4. Make a Decision and Test It
5. Act and Reflect on the
Outcome
Image Credit: http://diwt.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/framework/
Robert Allen Stanford was a prominent financier, philanthropist, and sponsor of professional sports who is in prison awaiting trial on charges his investment company was a massive Ponzi scheme and fraud. Stanford was the chairman of the now defunct Stanford Financial Group of Companies.
The Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster was a derailment caused by the failure of a bridge over the Ashtabula River in far northeastern Ohio. On December 29, 1876, at about 7:30 pm, two locomotives hauling 11 railcars of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway carrying 159 passengers plunged into the river in deep snow when the bridge gave way beneath them. The accident killed ninety-two people. The coroner's report found that the bridge, designed by the railroad company president, had been improperly designed and inadequately inspected.The Boston Molasses Disaster occurred on January 15, 1919, in the North End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts in the United States. A large molasses storage tank burst, and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph, killing 21 and injuring 150. At about 12:30 in the afternoon near KeanySquare, at 529 Commercial Street, a molasses tank 50 fttall, 90 ftin diameter and containing as much as 2,300,000 US gal collapsed. The tank was constructed poorly and tested insufficiently. An inquiry after the disaster revealed that Arthur Jell, who oversaw the construction, neglected basic safety tests, such as filling the tank with water to check for leaks. When filled with molasses, the tank leaked so badly that it was painted brown to hide the leaks.
If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? Philosophers and ethicists have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested at least five different sources of ethical standards we should use.
Some ethicists emphasize that the ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm, or, to put it another way, produces the greatest balance of good over harm. The ethical corporate action, then, is the one that produces the greatest good and does the least harm for all who are affected-customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the environment. Ethical warfare balances the good achieved in ending terrorism with the harm done to all parties through death, injuries, and destruction. The utilitarian approach deals with consequences; it tries both to increase the good done and to reduce the harm done.
“bum – bad, “homeless” – okOther philosophers and ethicists suggest that the ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. This approach starts from the belief that humans have a dignity based on their human nature per se or on their ability to choose freely what they do with their lives. On the basis of such dignity, they have a right to be treated as ends and not merely as means to other ends. The list of moral rights -including the rights to make one's own choices about what kind of life to lead, to be told the truth, not to be injured, to a degree of privacy, and so on-is widely debated; some now argue that non-humans have rights, too. Also, it is often said that rights imply duties-in particular, the duty to respect others' rights.
Aristotle and other Greek philosophers have contributed the idea that all equals should be treated equally. Today we use this idea to say that ethical actions treat all human beings equally-or if unequally, then fairly based on some standard that is defensible. We pay people more based on their harder work or the greater amount that they contribute to an organization, and say that is fair. But there is a debate over CEO salaries that are hundreds of times larger than the pay of others; many ask whether the huge disparity is based on a defensible standard or whether it is the result of an imbalance of power and hence is unfair.
The Greek philosophers have also contributed the notion that life in community is a good in itself and our actions should contribute to that life. This approach suggests that the interlocking relationships of society are the basis of ethical reasoning and that respect and compassion for all others-especially the vulnerable-are requirements of such reasoning. This approach also calls attention to the common conditions that are important to the welfare of everyone. This may be a system of laws, effective police and fire departments, health care, a public educational system, or even public recreational areas.
A very ancient approach to ethics is that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. These virtues are dispositions and habits that enable us to act according to the highest potential of our character and on behalf of values like truth and beauty. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, tolerance, love, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. Virtue ethics asks of any action, "What kind of person will I become if I do this?" or "Is this action consistent with my acting at my best?"
There is also a comment about digital cables not making a difference and that the only difference in digital cables is the price. This is simply not the case. HDMI Licensing, LLC, the group that develops the HDMI specification, has published two different cable speeds for the current 1.3 specification: Standard Speed at 2.23 Gbps, and High Speed at 4.95 Gbps, which is known as HDMI 1.3 Category 2. For more information, go to www.hdmi.org.In fact, Steve Venuti, Vice President of Marketing for HDMI Licensing, LLC, stated in a recent Widescreen Review article:http://www2.widescreenreview.com/127venuti.pdf"...HDMI evolves as it continues to react to the demands of the marketplace. With the introduction of HDMI 1.3 in 2006, HDMI doubled the bandwidth of the specification, and with that, gave manufacturers the ability to design products that can output and receive signals at unprecedented levels...And where there is increased bandwidth, there is increased demand on the cable to deliver the HDMI signal."
What do you say to this woman? What do you say to an employer who calls you for a reference? What if the prospective employer was a friend? Suppose the problem was a theft? Suppose she had asked you to be a reference prior to supplying your name to her prospective employer? What values are at stake? Do some of the values conflict with one another?
As the newspapers put it, the collapse of his funds, which he had told clients were in fine shape, set off a chain reaction that eventually swallowed Bear Stearns itself. Mr. Cioffi was also charged with insider trading, having moved some of his own money from the funds before the end.