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- 1. Certificación en Seguridad para Negocios en Construcción CB103-SP Presentado Por: Centro de Entrenamiento para Cumplimientos en la Construcción Este material fue desarrollado por La Fundación Compación y La Asociación de Contratista Hispana de Tejas bajo el subsidio número SH-208-43- SH-0 Administración Occupacional de Salud y Seguridad, Departamento del Trabajo de Estados Unidos. No refleja necesariamente la visión y políticas del Departamento del Trabajo de Estados Unidos, ni menciona los nombres de negocios, productos comerciales u organizaciones implícadas por el Gobierno de Estados Unidos en la aprobacíon.
- 2. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Propósito de este modulo es proveer a los participantes la información necesaria para aplicar los estándares de la Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (OSHA) de acuerdo a los riesgos y peligros presentes en el lugar de trabajo. Este modulo abarca las siguientes secciones: Historia de los Estándares de OSHA Estándares Horizontales y Verticales Código de Regulaciones Federales Sistema de numeración de párrafos Código de Colores Subparte CFR1926 Directivas y Cartas de Interpretación
- 3. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Desarrollo de las regulaciones Ambiente de trabajo seguro Censo de datos Anual (CFOI) Primer censo del BLS 1992 Datos reportados Anualmente de los 50 estados
- 4. Cuando se hace referencia a los estándares, regularmente son conocidos de acuerdo a su aplicación como "horizontales" o "verticales“. La mayoría de estándares son horizontales o "generales“, lo que significa que estos se aplican a la Industria en general. Ejemplos de estándares horizontales son los relacionados con: o Protección contra Incendios o Superficies de trabajo o Primeros auxilios CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA
- 5. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Los estándares que se aplican únicamente a una industria especifica, se llaman verticales, o "particulares”. Ejemplos de estándares particulares son esos que se aplican a: ◦ Industria de la Construcción ◦ Industria Marítima ◦ Industria de la Agricultura
- 6. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Censo de lesiones ocupacionales fatales (CFOI) Agencia federal de estadísticas de trabajo (BLS)
- 7. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Código de Estados Unidos Titulo 29 Código de Regulaciones Federales (CFR) Parte 1904 Registro de Lesiones y Enfermedades, Parte 1910 Industria General, Parte 1926 Construcción
- 8. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Titulo 29 ◦ 31 Capítulos ◦ Partes principales están en los títulos
- 9. CB103 –SP Estándares de OSHA CFR ◦ Codificación de las reglas ◦ Publicado en el Registro Federal ◦ Dividido en 50 títulos ◦ Actualizado cada año ◦ Títulos divididos en Capítulos ◦ Capítulos divididos en Partes ◦ Partes son organizados en secciones
- 10. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Partes ◦ 29 CFR 1910 Industria General ◦ CFR 1926 Industria de la Construcción ◦ 29 CFR 1915 Trabajo en Muelles Marítimos ◦ 29 CFR 1917 Terminales Marítimas ◦ 19 CFR 1918 Seguridad y Salud en operaciones portuarias y Marítimas
- 11. CB103 –SP Estándares de OSHA El sistema de numeración de párrafos mostrado en el siguiente ejemplo, representa uno de los muchos conceptos de organización usados en los Estándares. Usaremos un ejemplo de la Sección 451 de1926 de los Estándares. Aquí veremos la primera parte del sistema de numeración de párrafos. ◦ 29 CFR 1926.451 (g) (1) Todo empleado en un andamio a mas de 10 pies (3.1 m) sobre el nivel inferior deberá estar protegido de caer al nivel inferior. Los párrafos (g)(1)(i) al (vii) de esta sección establecen los tipos de protección contra caídas a ser provistos a los empleados en cada tipo de andamio. (Ver folleto # 8b)
- 12. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA ◦ Encabezado de sección – Naranja ◦ Sub-sección –Amarillo ◦ Números Arábigos – Circulo Azul ◦ Números Romanos – Circulo Verde
- 13. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA ◦ 1926 Subparte - A General ◦ 1926 Subparte - B Interpretaciones Generales ◦ 1926 Subparte - C Disposiciones Generales Sobre la Seguridad y la Salud ◦ 1926 Subparte - D Salud Ocupacional y Controles Ambientales ◦ 1926 Subparte - E Equipo de Protección Personal y de Salvavidas
- 14. CB103 -SPEstándares de OSHA ◦ 1926 Sub-parte - F Protección contra Incendios y la Prevención ◦ 1926 Sub-parte - G Letreros, Señales, y Barricadas ◦ 1926 Sub-parte - H Manejo, Almacenamiento, Uso, y Disposición de Materiales ◦ 1926 Sub-parte - I Herramientas Manuales y Eléctricas ◦ 1926 Sub-parte - J Soldadura y Corte
- 15. CB103 –SP Estándares de OSHA ◦ 1926 Subparte - K Eléctrico ◦ 1926 Subparte - L Andamios ◦ 1926 Subparte - M Protección contra caídas ◦ 1926 Subparte - N Grúas, Grúas de Torre, Alzamiento, Elevadores y Transportadores ◦ 1926 Subparte - O Vehículos de Motor, Equipo Mecanizado, y Operaciones Marinas
- 16. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA ◦ 1926 Subparte - P Excavaciones ◦ 1926 Subparte - Q Concreto y Construcción Albañilería ◦ 1926 Subparte - R Erección de Acero ◦ 1926 Subparte - S Construcción subterránea, Compuertas flotantes, Ataguías, y Aire Comprimido ◦ 1926 Subparte - T Demolición
- 17. CB103 –SP Estándares de OSHA ◦ 1926 Subparte - U Explosión y el uso de Explosivos ◦ 1926 Subparte - V Transmisión de Energía y Distribución ◦ 1926 Subparte - W Estructuras de Protección en caso de Volcamiento; Protección de arriba ◦ 1926 Subparte - X Escaleras y Escalas ◦ 1926 Subparte - Y Manejo de Operaciones de Inmersión Comercial ◦ 1926 Subparte - Z Substancias Tóxicas y Peligrosas
- 18. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Las Directivas son Instrucciones a los Oficiales de cumplimiento de Seguridad y Salud ( CSHO ) Cartas de interpretación son las respuestas oficiales de OSHA a las preguntas sometidas por escrito.
- 19. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA
- 20. CB103-SP Estándares de OSHA Las fotos presentadas pueden describir situaciones que no cumplen con los requerimientos aplicables de la OSHA. No es la intención del desarrollador del contenido dar cumplimiento básico en esta presentación, la intención está enfocada hacia evitar riesgos en la industria de la construcción y reconocer los riesgos repetitivos en muchos lugares de trabajos de la construcción. No debe asumirse que las sugerencias, comentarios o recomendaciones contenidas aquí constituyen una revisión total de los estándares aplicables, ni tampoco las discusiones de asuntos o preocupaciones se tomen con proirización de riesgos o posibles controles. Cuando las opiniones expresan (“buenas prácticas”) es importante recordar que los asuntos de seguridad en general en sitios de construcción específicamente, requieren de una gran cantidad de sitios o “riesgo específico” un traje hecho a la medida para todos los casos no es recomendable, así como tampoco será muy efectivo. Se asume que los individuos que utilicen esta presentación o contenido para facilitar su programa de entrenamiento estarán calificado para hacerlo y deberán estar preparados para responder a preguntas, resolver problemas y discutir asuntos con la audiencia. No hay representación del contenido de esta presentación, ni el método preciso para que se tomen recomendaciones. Se entiende que las condiciones del sitio de trabajo varía constantemente y que los desarrolladores de este contenido no serán responsables por problemas de seguridad que no se tocaron, que no pudieron anticipar, que se han discutido durante el entrenamiento, malentendidos o su presentación física. Es la responsabilidad de cada contratista empleador que cumpla con todas las reglas y regulaciones pertinentes en la jurisdicción que ellos laboran. Copias de todas las normas de OSHA están disponibles en las oficinas de la OSHA. Esta presentación tiene la intención de discutir las normas Federales únicamente – los requerimientos de cada estado podrán ser más estrictos. Como presentador, usted deberá prepararse para discutir todos los asuntos concernientes o problemas inherentes particularmente en las fotos.
Notas del editor
- The development of regulations for construction industry has crate a safer work environment for construction workers across the nation. Data collected by Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ), form the annual Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries ( CFOI), provide information on all occupational fatal injuries in the Unaided States. According to data collected by U.S. Department of Labor ( USDOL, BLS and CFOI ) ,Injuries Have declined. First Census was conducted in 1992, BLS has annually reported data on fatal occupational injuries from all 50 states and the District of Colombia.
- OSHA safety Estándares are designed to reduce on-the-job injuries; health Estándares to limit workers' risk of developing occupational disease. Most Estándares de OSHA are horizontal — they cover hazards which exist in a wide variety of industries. These are compiled as the OSHA General Industry Estándares. Vertical Estándares apply solely to one industry. OSHA has promulgated vertical Estándares for the construction, agriculture, and maritime sectors. Some general industry Estándares apply to construction, agriculture, and maritime as well. Estándares are sometimes referred to as being either "horizontal" or "vertical" in their application. Most Estándares are horizontal or "general," which means they apply to any employer in any industry. Examples of horizontal Estándares are the Estándares relating to: Fire protection Working surfaces First aid.
- OSHA safety Estándares are designed to reduce on-the-job injuries; health Estándares to limit workers' risk of developing occupational disease. Most Estándares de OSHA are horizontal — they cover hazards which exist in a wide variety of industries. These are compiled as the OSHA General Industry Estándares. Vertical Estándares apply solely to one industry. OSHA has promulgated vertical Estándares for the construction, agriculture, and maritime sectors. Some general industry Estándares apply to construction, agriculture, and maritime as well. Some Estándares, though, are relevant only to a particular industry, and are called vertical, or "particular" Estándares. Examples of particular Estándares are those applying to the: Construction Industry, Maritime Industry and Agriculture Industry
- A preliminary total of 4,340 fatal work injuries were recorded in the United States in 2009, down from a Final count of 5,214 fatal work injuries in 2008. The 2009 total represents the smallest annual Preliminary total since the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) program was first conducted in 1992. Based on this preliminary count, the rate of fatal work injury for U.S. workers in 2009 was 3.3 Per 100,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers, down from a final rate of 3.7 in 2008. Counts and Rates are likely to increase with the release of final 2009 CFOI results in April 2011. Over the last 2 Years, increases in the published counts based on information received after the publication of Preliminary results have averaged 156 fatalities per year or about 3 percent of the revised totals. Economic factors played a major role in the fatal work injury decrease in 2009. Total hours worked fell By 6 percent in 2009 following a 1 percent decline in 2008, and some industries that have historically Accounted for a significant share of fatal work injuries, such as construction, experienced even larger Declines in employment or hours worked. In addition, some source documents used by CFOI State Partners to identify and verify fatal work injuries were delayed, due at least in part to fiscal constraints at Some of the governmental agencies who regularly provide source documentation for the program.
- Title 29 of the United States Code is a code that outlines labor in the United States Code CFR Title 29, Chapter XVII is set aside for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Under this chapter, the regulations are broken down into Parts, Sections, and Subsections. Part 1910, for example, is the, "Occupational Safety and Health Standards," commonly known as the "General Industry Standards." Under each part, major blocks of information are broken down into Subparts. Each Subpart is further broken down into sections. The major Subparts in the 1910 standard are listed below, click on any below to learn more. Title 29 has 31 chapters: Chapter 1: Labor Statistics Chapter 2: Women's Bureau Chapter 2a. Children's Bureau Chapter 3. National Trade Unions Chapter 4. Vocational Rehabilitation of Persons Injured in Industry Chapter 4a. Employment Stabilization Chapter 4b. Federal Employment Service Chapter 4c. Apprentice Labor Chapter 5. Labor Disputes; Mediation and Injunctive Relief Chapter 6. Jurisdiction of Courts in Matters Affecting Employer and Employee Chapter 7: Labor-Management Relations Chapter 8. Fair Labor Estándares Chapter 9. Portal-To-Portal Pay Chapter 10. Disclosure of Welfare and Pension Plans Chapter 11. Labor-Management Reporting And Disclosure Procedure Chapter 12. Department of Labor Chapter 13. Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificates Chapter 14. Age Discrimination in Employment Chapter 15. Occupational Safety and Health Chapter 16. Vocational Rehabilitation and Other Rehabilitation Services Chapter 17. Comprehensive Employment and Training Programs Chapter 18. Employee Retirement Income Security Program Chapter 19. Job Training Partnership Chapter 20. Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Chapter 21. Helen Keller National Center for Youths and Adults Who Are Deaf-Blind Chapter 22. Employee Polygraph Protection Chapter 23. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Chapter 24. Technology Related Assistance for Individuals With Disabilities Chapter 25. Displaced Homemakers Self-Sufficiency Assistance Chapter 26. National Center for the Workplace Chapter 27. Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations Chapter 28. Family and Medical Leave Chapter 29. Workers Technology Skill Development Chapter 30. Workforce Investment Systems Chapter 31. Assistive Technology For Individuals With Disabilities
- The CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Each volume of the CFR is updated once each calendar year and is issued on a quarterly basis. Titles 1-16 are updated as of January 1st Titles 17-27 are updated as of April 1st Titles 28-41 are updated as of July 1st Titles 42-50 are updated as of October 1st Each title is divided into chapters, which usually bear the name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into parts that cover specific regulatory areas. Large parts may be subdivided into subparts. All parts are organized in sections, and most citations in the CFR are provided at the section level. A list of agencies and where they appear in the CFR may be found in Appendix C of the U.S. Government Manual. The online CFR is a joint project authorized by the publisher, the National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) Office of the Federal Register (OFR), and the Government Printing Office (GPO) to provide the public with enhanced access to Government information. CFR volumes are added to GPO Access concurrent with the release of the paper editions. When revised CFR volumes are added, the prior editions remain on GPO Access as a historical set. Some CFR records on GPO Access date back to 1996; all titles are available from 1997 to the current year. Documents are available as ASCII text and PDF files. NOTE: "[Reserved]" is a term used as a place holder within the Code of Federal Regulations. An agency uses "[Reserved]" to simply indicate that it may insert regulatory information into this location some time in the future. Occasionally "[Reserved]" is used to indicate that a portion of the CFR was intentionally left empty and not accidentally dropped due to a printing or computer error. Due to the update schedule of the CFR, the List of Sections Affected (LSA) provides a cumulative list of CFR sections that have been changed at any time since each CFR title was last updated. Documents are available in PDF and ASCII text formats. The Code of Federal Regulations is available on GPO Access from 1996 (partial) forward.
- CFR Title 29, Chapter XVII is set aside for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Under this chapter, the regulations are broken down into Parts, Sections, and Subsections. Part 1910, for example, is the, "Occupational Safety and Health Standards," commonly known as the "General Industry Standards." Under each part, major blocks of information are broken down into Subparts. Each Subpart is further broken down into sections. Part 1926, Construction Industry and Part 1915,1917 and 1918 Maritime Industry.
- highlight every section head a full column width in orange. All of the subsection headings, that is the (a), (b), (c), etc., should be colored a full column width with yellow. At this point the purpose of color coding becomes more apparent when you realize an Arabic “1” in typeset looks exactly like the lower case alpha letter (l), and it is obviously important to differentiate between them . Another case is the lower case alpha (I) which is the same typeset as lower case roman numeral (I). Obviously, color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The next step is to put a blue dot on all of the Arabic numbers. We can now easily find the beginning of each subsection beginning with a lower case alpha by looking for the horizontal yellow lines. Another case is the lower case roman numeral the next step is to put a green dot in the lower case roman numeral. Obviously color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The next step is to put a blue dot on all of the Arabic numbers. We can now easily find the beginning of each subsection beginning with a lower case alpha by looking for the horizontal yellow lines. Another case is the lower case roman numeral the next step is to put a green dot in the lower case roman numeral. Obviously color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The Arabic number subparagraphs are easily located by the blue dots. Generally speaking, color coding two levels below the section heading will be adequate. In summary, you are now prepared to color code those particular sections of the Estándares which you use frequently. If you try to locate information within the Estándares by using the Table of Contents, remember that the particular Section number contained on each page is printed in the upper corner of the page. Hopefully this information will help you understand these Estándares and also assist you in helping others to understand and better utilize the Occupational Safety and Health Estándares.
- Directives are the documents that provide OSHA.s operating procedures and assure consistency within the agency. Directive are instructions to the Compliance Safety and Health Officers ( CSHO ). Directives are federal compliance operating procedures which relate to enforcement of particular Standard . They include the types of information that helps to clarify the intent of the standard. CPL 00-00 ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE 01-00 Reserved 02-00 Inspection Policies 02-01 Safety 02-02 Health 02-03 Discrimination 02-04 Reserved 03-00 National Emphasis Programs 04-00 Local Emphasis Programs 05-00 Review Commission Letters of interpretation are OSHA official responses to written questions about compliance with the agency’s requirements, interpretation are explanations of Estándares and their workplace application ,addressing scope and limitations and any other questions related to application and situation. Interpretations are not intented to change, modify or cansel Estándares.