Introduction to Quantity Surveying .pptx

Quantity Surveying and Valuation

Textbooks:
1. B.N.Dutta, "Estimating and costing", 28h Edition,UBH Publishing.
2. B.S.Patil,"Civil Engineering Crntracts and Estimates",4th Edition, Universities
press.
3. Bhasin P.L., "Quantity Surveying", S. Chand, Limited, 3'd Edition 1987.
4. Chakrabortj M. "Estimating,CostirE and Specification in Civil
Engineering",24th
5. G.H.Birdie, "Estimating and Costing (Civil Engineering)", 7h Edition 2015,
Dhanpatrai Publishing
6. Rangwala, "Elements of Estimating and Costing", 8th Edition,Charotar
publishing House

Reference Books:
1. PWD Hand Book and Red Book
2. CPWD Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR) - Latest, / Manipur Schedule of
Rate MSR 2022
3. IS 1200 (Partl-Part 28) Method of measurement of building and civil
engineering works.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Definition
• importance of quantity surveying
for civil engineer
• purpose
• data required for estimates
• Types of estimates
• Item of work
• Description of an item work
• Units of measurement and
principles deciding the units
• I.S. Code
• PWD mode of measurements of
building
• Definition and purpose of
approximate estimate
• Methods of approximate estimating
of building
• Other civil engineering projects like
roads, irrigation & water supply and
sanitary engineering

Unit 1 Estimation
• Definition
An Estimate is the anticipated or probable cost of a work and is usually prepared before the
construction is taken up.
It is prepared by computing the quantities required, calculating cost at suitable rate with
applicable other components percentages.
• Importance of quantity surveying for civil engineer
Quantity surveyor analyzes the drawing and specifications of the new building that architects or
engineers provide.
Calculate the quantity of the material used in the building.
Calculating an effective budget estimate for each stage of the construction process.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Purpose
Primary objective of estimation to enable evaluation of the cost of the work before the start of the
project.
• Data required for estimates
(a) Drawing ( Plans, Elevation, Section)
(b) Specifications
General Specification / Brief Specification
Detailed Specifications (Described every item of work separately in details)
(c) Rates
Rates per unit of work i.e material cost, labour cost, transportation cost ( Lead & lift)
Rates are calculated as per MSR 2022 or by “ Analysis of Rate ” method.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Type of Estimate
1) Preliminary/Approximate/ Abstract/ Rough Cost
 Required for preliminary study of the project , financial cost involvement (Budgeting),
Administrative approval ( AA)
Prepared showing cost of the building, road, water supply , electrification etc.
Brief report ( History of the project ) explaining necessity and utility of the project
and how the cost is arrived at
Also accompanied by Site plan / Layout plan.
(5- 10)% is added as contingencies.

Unit 1 Estimation
2) Plinth Area Estimate for Building
 Plinth Area is the built up covered area of a building measured at floor level of any storey.
 This does not include Plinth offsets, Court Yard, open areas, balconies and cantilever projections.
 Prepared on the basis of plinth area of building ( similar building with similar specification, heights and
construction)
 Calculated by finding the plinth area of the building and multiplying by the Plinth area Rate.
3) Cube Rate Estimate for Building
 Prepared on the basis of cubical content area of building ( similar building with similar specification,
heights and construction).
 Calculated by finding the cubical content of the building ( length x Breadth x Height) and multiplied by
cube rate
 Height is taken from floor top to top of the roof ( or half way for slopped roof)

Unit 1 Estimation
4) Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
 Approximate length of the walls in running meter mis multiplied by rate per running meter.
 Divided into 2 parts ( a) Foundation including Plinth (b) Superstructure.
 Running meter cost of the 2 parts are found out first and than multiplied by the total length of the walls.
5) Detail / Item Rate Estimate for Building
 Prepared an accurate estimate and consist of working out the quantities of each items of work and the
working cost.
 Prepared in 2 stages
• Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities
• Abstract of Estimated Cost
Cost of each item and Total cost of the project is found out plus (3% Contingencies + 2% work
charged establishment + applicable GST + 1% labour cess)

Unit 1 Estimation
6) Revised Estimate
 Original sanctioned estimate ≥ 5% .
 Expenditure on work exceed ≥ 10% of amount of administrative sanction.
 Material deviation from the project even if the cost can be met by sanction amount.
 Should be accompanied by comparative statement shoving variation of work, material , cost with original
estimate side by side.
7) Supplementary Estimate
 Prepared when additional works are required to supplement the original work or when further
development of work is required during the progress of work.
 Abstract show the amount of the original estimate and the total amount including the supplement amount.

Unit 1 Estimation
8) Supplementary and Revised Estimate
 Original sanctioned estimate ≥ 5% .
 Prepared when the work is partially abandoned and the estimated cost of remaining work is less than 95%
of the original work.
 Material / design deviation which may lead to substantial saving in the estimate.
9) Annual Repair / Maintenance Estimate (AR or AM estimate)
 Prepared to maintain the structure / work in prkoper order and safe condition.
 For building ( white/ colour washing, painting , minor repairs etc.)
 For road works ( patch repairing, renewals, repairs of bridges and culverts etc.)

Unit 1 Estimation
• Terminologies
1) Contigencies
 Indicates expenses of misc. character which cannot be classified under any distinct item sub head but is
required for the work as a whole.
 (3-5)% of the estimated cost ( currently 3% in practice).
 Provided for expenses for misccelanous petty items which does not fall under any heads.
 This amount can be utilised for any unforeseen expenditure, expenses to minor changes etc.
2) Work- charged Establishment -
 Provided for salary of certain no. of work – supervisors, chaukidars etc.
 (1.5 -2)% of the estimated cost is included in the estimate.
 Work charged employees are temporary staff appointed and terminated by competent authority at the
expiry of the sanctioned period.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Terminologies
3) Tools and Plants ( T and P)
Indicates expenses for purchase of tools and plants
(1-1.5)% of the estimated cost.
4) Departmental charges / Centage charges -
Provided when an engg. Department takes up work of other deppt.
(10 -15)% of the estimated cost is included in the estimate.( currently ,11.75 % in
practice)
Provided to meet expenses of establishment, designing, planning , supervision etc.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Item of work
1. Earthwork
 Earthwork in excavation and Earth work in filling are calculated separately.
 Quantities are calculated in cu m. ( length x breadth x depth)
2. Concrete in Foundation
 Calculated in cu m. ( length x breadth x depth)
 Also known as PCC ( 1:4:8 or 1:5:10)
3. Soling
 When soil is skoft / bad one layer of dry brick / stone is applied
 Computed in Sq. m ( length x breadth)
4. Damp proof Course (DPC)
 Standard water proofing provided at plinth level ( measured in sq. m)

Unit 1 Estimation
• Item of work
5. Brickwork / Masonry
 Full Brick work are measured in Cu m ( length x breadth x height )
 Quantities are made as solids and than deductions for doors, windows , ventilators are made afterwards.
 Half brickwork or partition wall are measured in sq. m
6. Lintels over openings
7. RCC work
8. Flooring & roofing
9. Plastering
10. Doors and windows
11. Wood work
12. Iron work
13. White / colour washing
14. Painting.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Method of Building Estimate
 Separate / Individual wall method
 Long wall length out to out = c/c length + one breadth
 Short wall length in to in = c/c length – one breadth

Unit 1 Estimation

Unit 1 Estimation
 Centre Line Method
 The Total length of centre lines of ITEMS
of same types are found out first
 Method is quick but PRECAUTIONS
SHOULD BE TAKEN AT JUNCTIONS.
 AT CORNERS OF THE BUILDING NO
SUBTRACTION OR ADDITION IS
REQUIRED.

Unit 1 Estimation
• IS Code
 IS 1200 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
PART 1 EARTHWORK
Measurements
 Each dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m;
 Areas shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 m2 and
 Cubical contents shall be worked out the nearest 0.01 m3.
Classification
Materials to be excavated shall be classifiedas follows unless otherwise specified.
 Soft Loose Soil
 Hard/Dense Soil
 Mud
 Soft /Disintegrated Rock
 Hard Rock (Requiring Blasting)
 Hard Rock (Blasting Prohibited)


Unit 1 Estimation
• IS 1200 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
PART 1 EARTHWORK
Lead And Lift
• Lead The distance for removal shall be measured over the shortest practicable route and not necessarily
the route actually taken.
• Lift
Lift shall be measured from ground level. Excavation up to 1’5 m depth below ground
level and depositing excavated material on the ground shall be included in the item of earthwork for various kinds
of soil.
• Extra lift shall be measured’ in unit of 1’5 m or part thereof.
Planking And Strutting
The following shall be measured separately;
a) Trenches;
b) Areas ( the description shall include use
and waste of raking shores ); and
c) Shafts, wells, cesspits, manholes etc.


Unit 1 Estimation
IS 1200 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
PART II CONCRETE WORKS
Concrete Cast in situ shall be classified as follows:
 Foundations, footings, bases for columns
 Walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, buttresses,
plirnh and string courses, fillets, etc;
 Slabs, supported on wall/beams/columns, landings, balconies,
canopies, bridge slabs;
 Slabs other than those specified in (e);
 CHAJJAS including portions bearing on the wall;
 Lintels, shelves, beams and bressumers;
 Columns, piers, abutments, pillars, posts and struts;
 Staircase including stringer beams but excluding landings;Balustrades, newels and railing;
 Spiral staircases ( including landing );
 Arches
 Domes, vaults;


Unit 1 Estimation
Concrete Cast in situ shall be classified as follows:
Shell roof, arch rib and folded plates;
Chimneys and shafts;
Canal lining;
Ballast walls, retaining walls, return walls;
Concrete filling to precast components;
Kerbs, steps and the like;
String or lacing courses, parapets, copings, bed block, anchor
blocks, plain, window sills and the like;
Cornices and moulded window sills; and
Louvers, fins, fascia.


Unit 1 Estimation
Concrete Cast in situ shall be Measured as follows:
 Columns shall be measured from top of column base to underside of first floor
slab and subsequently from top of floor slab to underside of floor slab above.
Beams shall be measured from face to face of columns and shall include
haunches, if any, between columns and beams.
The depth of beams shall be measured from bottom of slab to bottom of the beam
except in case of inverted beam where it shall be measured from top of slab to top
of beam.

Unit 1 Estimation
PART III BRICKWORK
Brickwork shall be Measured as follows:
 Brickwork shall generally be measured in cubic metres, unless otherwise stated.
 Walls one brick thick and less shall each be measured separately square metres stating thickness.
 Damp-proof course shall be described and measured in square metres stating thickness. Description shall
include levelling up and/or preparing brickwork to receive the treatment and use and waste of form work, if
required.

Unit 1 Estimation
PART IV STONE MASONARY
Stone Masonary shall be Measured as follows:
 Stone masonry generally shall be measured in cubic meters and face work in square meters.
 Boulder work shall be measured in cubic. metres stating size of boulders

Unit 1 Estimation
PART V FORMWORK
Formwork shall be measured
 In square metres as the actual surfaces in contact with the concrete or any other material requiring formwork.
 Form work to beam shall be measured up to sides of column.
 Formwork to secondary beams shall be measured up to the sides of main beams

Unit 1 Estimation
PART VIII STEELWORK AND IRONWORK
STEEL WORK
Trusses and trussed purlins ( stating spans and overall heights )
Framing of cladding and glazing;
Framed work, such as grills, gratings, framed guard bars, ladders, walkways,railings, brackets and similar
work;
Steelwork for:1) doors,2) hydraulic gates, and3) cassions and well curbs .
The steelwork shall be measured by weight except otherwise mentioned

Unit 1 Estimation
PART VIII STEELWORK AND IRONWORK
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcement bars shall be measured in running metres and their mass
Binding wire for reinforcement shall not be measured but shall be included in description -of item.
Plain or barbed wire fencing shall be fully described, and each line or wire shall be measured in running
metres
Steel rolling shutter/grills shall be described and measured in square metres. The width shall be measured
as the outer distance between the backs of the two guide channels of the rolling shutters and the height
shall be the distance between the still and the centre of the hood cover

Unit 1 Estimation
PART XI PAVING, FLOOR FINISHES, DADO AND SKIRTING
All work shall be measured in square metres unless otherwise stated.
 In situ finishes shall be classified according to the kind of material ( for example, granolithic, terrazzo,
mosaic, etc ) and measured separately.
The following particulars shall be given for each classification:
a) Composition and mix;
b) Thickness, which shall be exclusive of keys, grooves a nrt open
joints;
c) Number of coats;
d) Nature of surface treatment (e.g, steel trowelled, wood floated, polished. sprinkled with carborundum powderJ
etc )
e) Nature of base and any special treatment to the same; and
f) Situations, for example, whether in flooring or in dado/skirting.
 Dado (including raking dado) shall be measured in square metres,
Skirting (including raking skirtiDg) shall be measured in running metrel
stating the height.

Unit 1 Estimation
PART XV PAINTING, POLISHING, VARNISHING
Painting, except where otherwise stated, shall be measured in square
metres.
Corrugated sheet surfaces and Nainital pattern roof surfaces shalt be
included with plain surfaces after increasing their areas by the following
percentages:
a) Corrugated sheets 14 percent
b) Nainital pattern roof ( plain sheets with rolls) 10 percent
c) Nainital pattern roof with corrugated sheets 25 percent
d) Asbestos cement sheets, corrugated 20 percent
e) Asbestos cement sheets, semi-corrugated 10 percent
 Painting on eaves-gutters, rain-water pipes, soil and ventilating pipes and steel poles shall be measured
in running metres stating the size or
girth

Unit 1 Estimation
PART XVI LAYING OF WATER AND SEWER LINES
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF WATER LINES
Pipes shall be classified according to their diameter, length of each pipe,kind of material, the quality of
pipe and the method of jointing, and shallbe measured in running metres inclusive of all joints.
The measurement shall be taken along the central line of the pipes and fittings or specials.
The measurement for testing of the pipelines shall be in running metres, unless otherwise stated.
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF SEWER LINES
Sewer lines shall be classified according to their diameter, length of each pipe, kind of material, the
quality of pipe and the method of jointing, and shall be measured in running metres inclusive of all
joints.
The measurement shall be taken along the central line of the sewers and fittings or specials

Unit 1 Estimation
• Methods of approximate estimating of building ,roads, irrigation & water supply and sanitary engineering
 Buildings
 Per unit basis
Per student for schools and hostels, per classroom for schools, per bed for hospitals per seat for cinema halls per tenement for
residential building
 Plinth area basis
 Cubic rate basis
 Roads and Highways
 per kilometre ( km) basis depending on the nature of road, width and thickness of metalling etc.
 Irrigation Channels
 per kilometre ( km) basis depending on the capacity of the channel.
 Area of land commanded i.e per hectare basis ( per acre basis).
 Bridges and Culverts
 per running meter os span depending on the roadway, nature and depth of foundation, type of structures.

Unit 1 Estimation
• Methods of approximate estimating of building ,roads, irrigation & water supply and sanitary engineering
 Sewerage and water supply project
 On the basis of per head of population served
 On the basis of area covered
 Over head water tank
 On the basis of capacity per litre of tank depending on the type of structure , hejight of tank etc.

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