High prevalence of metabolic syndrome among competitive exam appearing studen...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The study found:
1) Patients had low overall awareness and knowledge about diabetes, glycemic control, risk factors, and complications. The mean correct answers regarding these topics ranged from 33.5-69%.
2) While 61% checked their blood sugar regularly, few knew the target glucose values. Only 18% understood diabetic diet.
3) Awareness of risk factors like hypertension, smoking, and obesity was higher at 69-92% but target values were unknown.
4) 23% first presented with complications and awareness of eye and renal complications was low at
Article Type: Editorial
Title: Challenges Met by Healthcare Professionals (Nurses) at the time of Covid-19 Pandemic
Year: 2021; Volume: 1; Issue: 2; Page No: 3 – 4
Author: Sumathi Senthilvel
DOI: 10.55349/ijmsnr.20211234
Affiliation: Associate Editor, IJMSNR, Formerly Assistant Professor in Nursing, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Amrita College of Nursing. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala. Email ID: AssociateEditor@ijmsnr.com
Article Summary: Submitted : 26-October-2021
Revised : 10-November-2021
Accepted : 02-December-2021
Published : 31-December-2021
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is a non-communicable disease and metabolic disorder. It is a public health problem in Worldwide. In this paper, finding influencing factors and how much probability to development of DR among known T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional and observational study among T2DM patients, with and without DR in the diabetes clinic with sample of 150 patients. Statistical analysis used chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of DR after controlling of confounders.
Results: In this present study, among 150 patients, 39 (26%) patients had DR. Smoking habit was strongly associated with development of DR (AOR=15.39, p=0.002), patients had history of hypertension was associated with DR (AOR=1.10, p=0.016), medication, in that insulin users were strongly associated with DR (AOR=5.72, p=0.002), duration of diabetes mellitus with >10 years was associated with DR (AOR=1.18, p=0.001), total cholesterol with abnormal was 5-fold more increase in risk with the development of DR (AOR=5.86, p=0.065) but not significant, high hba1c with >6.5% was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.34, p=0.035), and fasting blood sugar with abnormal was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.01, p=0.027) except age but, showed positive association with DR. Probability of developing DR in a T2DM patient was 98%.
Conclusion: From this study, we revealed that influencing variables were hba1c, smoking habit, intake of tablet/insulin, duration of DM, history of hypertension and fasting blood sugar. The chance/probability of developing retinopathy was very high among known diabetes patients those who had longer duration of DM. Hence, we have recommended a periodic eye screening is mandatory in T2DM patients.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, influencing factors, probability, multivariate analysis
Core Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcohlic Fatty Liver DiseaseIOSR Journals
This study examined the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Bangladeshi patients. The study included 67 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 50 healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Results found that NAFLD patients had higher levels of insulin resistance, triglycerides, and central obesity compared to controls. However, no significant association was found between MetS and NAFLD when defined by common diagnostic criteria. Individual components of MetS like dyslipidemia, central obesity, and high postprandial glucose were significantly associated with NAFLD on logistic regression analysis. The study concludes that while various MetS components are linked to NAFLD in
Microalbuminuria in Saudi Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus_Crimson Publis...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. The development of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes increases the risk for renal and cardiovascular disease.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Primary Health Care Clinics at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 334 Saudi with type 1 diabetes were randomly selected.
Results: Total of 334 patients with T2DM included in this study; 102 (30.5%) male and 232 (69.5%) female with mean age 25.8±3.4. MA was present in 99 (29.6%). MA was not significantly more prevalent in female (69.4%) with female predominance (sex ratio male: female) 1:2.3. HTN with MA was significantly more prevalent in 51(51.5%) of MA group with odd ratio 1.7 (1.2-2.4), p=0.001 with no siginificant difference between both gender. Patients with MA have significant higher HbA1c than patients with normal buminuria and there was a significant difference between gender (p< 0.0001) and when compared to HbA1c groups (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes in this study is high. It is mandatory to have adequate diagnostic, therapeutic and educational resources in addition to competent physicians who can manage microalbuminuria in diabetic patients by using a continuing, comprehensive and coordinated approach.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in S...asclepiuspdfs
Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an increasingly important clinical and public health issue is associated with cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have also linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of incident CKD. Therefore, the present study was designed retrospectively to find the prevalence and potential risk factors of CKD in patients with MetS in Saudi Arabia.
This study evaluated the impact of diabetes mellitus and obesity on male infertility in Iraqi patients. It found that:
1) Serum levels of HbA1C, a marker of long-term blood sugar control, were higher in diabetic patients regardless of BMI compared to healthy controls. HbA1C was also higher in normo-BMI diabetic patients compared to obese diabetic patients.
2) Serum free testosterone levels, important for male fertility, were significantly lower in obese diabetic patients compared to overweight diabetic and healthy patients.
3) There was a significant negative correlation between serum free testosterone levels and HbA1C in obese diabetic patients, suggesting poorer blood sugar control is associated with lower testosterone.
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome among competitive exam appearing studen...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The study found:
1) Patients had low overall awareness and knowledge about diabetes, glycemic control, risk factors, and complications. The mean correct answers regarding these topics ranged from 33.5-69%.
2) While 61% checked their blood sugar regularly, few knew the target glucose values. Only 18% understood diabetic diet.
3) Awareness of risk factors like hypertension, smoking, and obesity was higher at 69-92% but target values were unknown.
4) 23% first presented with complications and awareness of eye and renal complications was low at
Article Type: Editorial
Title: Challenges Met by Healthcare Professionals (Nurses) at the time of Covid-19 Pandemic
Year: 2021; Volume: 1; Issue: 2; Page No: 3 – 4
Author: Sumathi Senthilvel
DOI: 10.55349/ijmsnr.20211234
Affiliation: Associate Editor, IJMSNR, Formerly Assistant Professor in Nursing, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Amrita College of Nursing. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala. Email ID: AssociateEditor@ijmsnr.com
Article Summary: Submitted : 26-October-2021
Revised : 10-November-2021
Accepted : 02-December-2021
Published : 31-December-2021
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is a non-communicable disease and metabolic disorder. It is a public health problem in Worldwide. In this paper, finding influencing factors and how much probability to development of DR among known T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional and observational study among T2DM patients, with and without DR in the diabetes clinic with sample of 150 patients. Statistical analysis used chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of DR after controlling of confounders.
Results: In this present study, among 150 patients, 39 (26%) patients had DR. Smoking habit was strongly associated with development of DR (AOR=15.39, p=0.002), patients had history of hypertension was associated with DR (AOR=1.10, p=0.016), medication, in that insulin users were strongly associated with DR (AOR=5.72, p=0.002), duration of diabetes mellitus with >10 years was associated with DR (AOR=1.18, p=0.001), total cholesterol with abnormal was 5-fold more increase in risk with the development of DR (AOR=5.86, p=0.065) but not significant, high hba1c with >6.5% was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.34, p=0.035), and fasting blood sugar with abnormal was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.01, p=0.027) except age but, showed positive association with DR. Probability of developing DR in a T2DM patient was 98%.
Conclusion: From this study, we revealed that influencing variables were hba1c, smoking habit, intake of tablet/insulin, duration of DM, history of hypertension and fasting blood sugar. The chance/probability of developing retinopathy was very high among known diabetes patients those who had longer duration of DM. Hence, we have recommended a periodic eye screening is mandatory in T2DM patients.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, influencing factors, probability, multivariate analysis
Core Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcohlic Fatty Liver DiseaseIOSR Journals
This study examined the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Bangladeshi patients. The study included 67 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 50 healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Results found that NAFLD patients had higher levels of insulin resistance, triglycerides, and central obesity compared to controls. However, no significant association was found between MetS and NAFLD when defined by common diagnostic criteria. Individual components of MetS like dyslipidemia, central obesity, and high postprandial glucose were significantly associated with NAFLD on logistic regression analysis. The study concludes that while various MetS components are linked to NAFLD in
Microalbuminuria in Saudi Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus_Crimson Publis...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. The development of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes increases the risk for renal and cardiovascular disease.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Primary Health Care Clinics at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 334 Saudi with type 1 diabetes were randomly selected.
Results: Total of 334 patients with T2DM included in this study; 102 (30.5%) male and 232 (69.5%) female with mean age 25.8±3.4. MA was present in 99 (29.6%). MA was not significantly more prevalent in female (69.4%) with female predominance (sex ratio male: female) 1:2.3. HTN with MA was significantly more prevalent in 51(51.5%) of MA group with odd ratio 1.7 (1.2-2.4), p=0.001 with no siginificant difference between both gender. Patients with MA have significant higher HbA1c than patients with normal buminuria and there was a significant difference between gender (p< 0.0001) and when compared to HbA1c groups (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes in this study is high. It is mandatory to have adequate diagnostic, therapeutic and educational resources in addition to competent physicians who can manage microalbuminuria in diabetic patients by using a continuing, comprehensive and coordinated approach.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in S...asclepiuspdfs
Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an increasingly important clinical and public health issue is associated with cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have also linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of incident CKD. Therefore, the present study was designed retrospectively to find the prevalence and potential risk factors of CKD in patients with MetS in Saudi Arabia.
This study evaluated the impact of diabetes mellitus and obesity on male infertility in Iraqi patients. It found that:
1) Serum levels of HbA1C, a marker of long-term blood sugar control, were higher in diabetic patients regardless of BMI compared to healthy controls. HbA1C was also higher in normo-BMI diabetic patients compared to obese diabetic patients.
2) Serum free testosterone levels, important for male fertility, were significantly lower in obese diabetic patients compared to overweight diabetic and healthy patients.
3) There was a significant negative correlation between serum free testosterone levels and HbA1C in obese diabetic patients, suggesting poorer blood sugar control is associated with lower testosterone.
My STSH Scholary Article about TREATMENT of PRE-DIABETES with SSDDDr. Sutanu Patra
I had done research on "Scope of Individualistic treatment with Serially Succussed and Diluted Drugs in treating Pre-diabetic condition: an Open-label Exploratory trial – in search of Prevention of Diabetes" and this was got awarded in Short Term Studentship in Homeopathy (STSH) 2014 by Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
This study analyzed data from hyperuricemia screening programs in India to determine the prevalence of high uric acid levels. The results showed that 25.8% of over 29,000 subjects had hyperuricemia. Males and older individuals over 50 years of age had higher rates of elevated uric acid. Over 30% of subjects with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or both conditions also exhibited hyperuricemia. The proportion with high uric acid increased with longer duration of diabetes and hypertension. The study concludes screening for uric acid levels may help identify risks of comorbidities and complications.
Life Style for Adult Patients with Hyperthyroidism at Baghdad Teaching Hospitaliosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Frequency of prediabetes and influence of various riskSamiullah Shaikh
This study aimed to determine the frequency of prediabetes and observe the influence of various risk factors on the development of prediabetes. The study found that 29.4% of subjects had prediabetes. Several risk factors were strongly correlated with prediabetes, including high BMI, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, history of delivering a high birth weight baby, low HDL cholesterol, and high triglycerides. The results suggest screening those with risk factors can help identify individuals at high risk of developing diabetes.
EVALUATION OF GLYCEMIC RESPONSE OF ADDITION OF PIOGLITAZONE TO GLIBENCLAMIDE...Nani Karnam Vinayakam
Retrospective study of Antidiabetic drugs in Diabetes Mellitus patients. It help in for Pharmacy graduates, Pharm D Students, M Pharm -pharmacy practice students , hospital pharmacists & Clinical Pharmacists around the globe.
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetes patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may lead to earlier sputum smear conversion. In a study of 30 patients with both conditions and vitamin D deficiency, those receiving weekly vitamin D and daily calcium (group 1) showed smear conversion after 6 weeks on average, versus 8 weeks for the non-supplemented group. While the difference was not statistically significant, vitamin D appeared to provide a trend toward faster clinical improvement when added to standard antituberculosis treatment. Larger studies are needed to validate if vitamin D deficiency screening and supplementation could benefit similar patients.
Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which can be identified in pre-diabetic state. So the present study was conducted with the aim to know the status of anthropometric and haematological parameters in pre-diabetic states. For this hospital based study pre-diabetic subjects were identified from first degree relatives of type 2 DM Patients, enrolled in diabetic research centre P.B.M. hospital Bikaner. Relevant investigations were done. Data thus collected on semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using content analysis. Data analysis revealed that although mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was within normal range but Waist circumference (WC), West Hip (W/H) Ratio, Systolic blood pressure were higher than the normal range accepted for that parameter. But mean value of all the studied haematological parameter were within the normal range accepted for that parameter. So it can be conclude that anthropology of an individual may be associated with the pre-diabetic state. Hypertension was found in 25.35% of pre-diabetics. Further researches are necessary to find out this possible association of anthropologic parameter and pre-diabetic state.
This document outlines a research protocol to study the psychosocial predictors and mitigation of problems among diabetes clients. The study aims to determine psychosocial factors that influence patients' ability to learn diabetes self-care and aims to improve quality of life by conducting an education program. Psychosocial factors like depression are known to interfere with diabetes management. The study rationale is that knowledge about diabetes is low in Nepal and complications are high, so there is a need for diabetes education. The implications are that psychosocial support from nurses and specialists can improve outcomes for diabetes patients.
This document outlines several diabetes risk reduction programs:
1. A quality improvement program at community health centers that significantly improved processes of care for diabetes and asthma but not outcomes.
2. A lifestyle intervention program and metformin treatment that both reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, with lifestyle changes proving more effective.
3. A study finding that increased colonic propionate reduced brain responses to high-calorie foods and led to less food appeal and calorie intake.
4. A nutrition education program tailored for low-literacy adults that significantly improved fat-related knowledge and behaviors over general nutrition classes.
5. An online health promotion program for older workers that significantly improved diet and exercise self-effic
Abstract— Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is also becoming public health impotance nowadays. So this study was aimed to determine the association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. This study includes a total of 222 subjects were enrolled as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria, out of which 110 cases who had NAFLD with hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography and 112 subjects who did not have NAFLD were considered control. These cases and controls were interrogated and investigated further. Observations were recorded and association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. Statistical methods used were unpaired student’s t-test for continuous variables, Fischer’s and chi-sq test for categorical variables using bivariate analysis by Graph Pad Instat Version 3.10. Risk was assessed in terms of Odd's Ratio. The patients with MS and NAFLD had a higher proportion of CVD compared with those who did not have NAFLD (29.1 vs 18.1 %). This study concludes that NAFLD is significantly associated with MS; most significant with WC, followed by TG and FBS and thus can be considered as hepatic component of MS. This needs more research with large multi-centric prospective studies to evaluate NAFLD as an independent risk factor for CVD.
1) This study analyzed electronic medical records of over 171,000 patients with diabetes across India to assess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
2) The overall prevalence of NAFLD among patients with diabetes was found to be 44.48%, with higher rates in males compared to females.
3) Certain states had prevalence rates over 50%, with the highest in Telangana (54.54%) and Chhattisgarh (53.76%). Younger patients, those who were obese, had dyslipidemia, or poor glycemic control had significantly higher odds of NAFLD.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
This study assessed the effectiveness of a health education program for type 2 diabetes patients in Egypt. It found that most patients had low baseline knowledge about diabetes. After the education program, patients had significant improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, blood sugar levels, and HbA1c. The program involved 3 sessions over 3 months that provided information on diabetes symptoms, treatment, complications, diet, exercise, and self-management. The study demonstrated that health education can positively impact diabetes outcomes and is an important part of diabetes care.
In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years is 21.7~25.2%; prevalence is reported to be two times higher (53.1~56.1%) in obese adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between height and blood lipid concentrations in children and adolescents The recent emphasis on treatment of the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein particle number) has compelled practitioners to consider lipid-lowering therapy in a greater number of their patients, as one in two individuals over age 50 has the metabolic syndrome. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome typically have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and current lipid-lowering guidelines may underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Two subgroups of patients with the metabolic syndrome are at particularly high risk for premature CAD. One, individuals with type 2 diabetes, accounts for 20-30% of early cardiovascular disease. The second, familial combined hyperlipidemia, accounts for an additional 10-20% of premature CAD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by the metabolic syndrome in addition to a disproportionate elevation of apolipoprotein B levels. The measurement of fasting glucose and apolipoprotein B, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, can help to estimate CAD risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. In this research we compared allopathic medication and medicinal herb in treating hyperlipidemia.
High Density Lipoproteins May Actually be Some Negative Acute Phase Proteins ...JapaneseJournalofGas
Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first group, and then age and gender matched patients with plasma HDL values of 40 mg/dL
High Density Lipoproteins May Actually be Some Negative Acute Phase Proteins ...JohnJulie1
Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first group, and then age and gender matched patients with plasma HDL values of 40 mg/dL and greater were collected into the second group, and compared in between
My STSH Scholary Article about TREATMENT of PRE-DIABETES with SSDDDr. Sutanu Patra
I had done research on "Scope of Individualistic treatment with Serially Succussed and Diluted Drugs in treating Pre-diabetic condition: an Open-label Exploratory trial – in search of Prevention of Diabetes" and this was got awarded in Short Term Studentship in Homeopathy (STSH) 2014 by Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
This study analyzed data from hyperuricemia screening programs in India to determine the prevalence of high uric acid levels. The results showed that 25.8% of over 29,000 subjects had hyperuricemia. Males and older individuals over 50 years of age had higher rates of elevated uric acid. Over 30% of subjects with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or both conditions also exhibited hyperuricemia. The proportion with high uric acid increased with longer duration of diabetes and hypertension. The study concludes screening for uric acid levels may help identify risks of comorbidities and complications.
Life Style for Adult Patients with Hyperthyroidism at Baghdad Teaching Hospitaliosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Frequency of prediabetes and influence of various riskSamiullah Shaikh
This study aimed to determine the frequency of prediabetes and observe the influence of various risk factors on the development of prediabetes. The study found that 29.4% of subjects had prediabetes. Several risk factors were strongly correlated with prediabetes, including high BMI, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, history of delivering a high birth weight baby, low HDL cholesterol, and high triglycerides. The results suggest screening those with risk factors can help identify individuals at high risk of developing diabetes.
EVALUATION OF GLYCEMIC RESPONSE OF ADDITION OF PIOGLITAZONE TO GLIBENCLAMIDE...Nani Karnam Vinayakam
Retrospective study of Antidiabetic drugs in Diabetes Mellitus patients. It help in for Pharmacy graduates, Pharm D Students, M Pharm -pharmacy practice students , hospital pharmacists & Clinical Pharmacists around the globe.
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetes patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may lead to earlier sputum smear conversion. In a study of 30 patients with both conditions and vitamin D deficiency, those receiving weekly vitamin D and daily calcium (group 1) showed smear conversion after 6 weeks on average, versus 8 weeks for the non-supplemented group. While the difference was not statistically significant, vitamin D appeared to provide a trend toward faster clinical improvement when added to standard antituberculosis treatment. Larger studies are needed to validate if vitamin D deficiency screening and supplementation could benefit similar patients.
Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which can be identified in pre-diabetic state. So the present study was conducted with the aim to know the status of anthropometric and haematological parameters in pre-diabetic states. For this hospital based study pre-diabetic subjects were identified from first degree relatives of type 2 DM Patients, enrolled in diabetic research centre P.B.M. hospital Bikaner. Relevant investigations were done. Data thus collected on semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using content analysis. Data analysis revealed that although mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was within normal range but Waist circumference (WC), West Hip (W/H) Ratio, Systolic blood pressure were higher than the normal range accepted for that parameter. But mean value of all the studied haematological parameter were within the normal range accepted for that parameter. So it can be conclude that anthropology of an individual may be associated with the pre-diabetic state. Hypertension was found in 25.35% of pre-diabetics. Further researches are necessary to find out this possible association of anthropologic parameter and pre-diabetic state.
This document outlines a research protocol to study the psychosocial predictors and mitigation of problems among diabetes clients. The study aims to determine psychosocial factors that influence patients' ability to learn diabetes self-care and aims to improve quality of life by conducting an education program. Psychosocial factors like depression are known to interfere with diabetes management. The study rationale is that knowledge about diabetes is low in Nepal and complications are high, so there is a need for diabetes education. The implications are that psychosocial support from nurses and specialists can improve outcomes for diabetes patients.
This document outlines several diabetes risk reduction programs:
1. A quality improvement program at community health centers that significantly improved processes of care for diabetes and asthma but not outcomes.
2. A lifestyle intervention program and metformin treatment that both reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, with lifestyle changes proving more effective.
3. A study finding that increased colonic propionate reduced brain responses to high-calorie foods and led to less food appeal and calorie intake.
4. A nutrition education program tailored for low-literacy adults that significantly improved fat-related knowledge and behaviors over general nutrition classes.
5. An online health promotion program for older workers that significantly improved diet and exercise self-effic
Abstract— Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is also becoming public health impotance nowadays. So this study was aimed to determine the association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. This study includes a total of 222 subjects were enrolled as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria, out of which 110 cases who had NAFLD with hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography and 112 subjects who did not have NAFLD were considered control. These cases and controls were interrogated and investigated further. Observations were recorded and association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. Statistical methods used were unpaired student’s t-test for continuous variables, Fischer’s and chi-sq test for categorical variables using bivariate analysis by Graph Pad Instat Version 3.10. Risk was assessed in terms of Odd's Ratio. The patients with MS and NAFLD had a higher proportion of CVD compared with those who did not have NAFLD (29.1 vs 18.1 %). This study concludes that NAFLD is significantly associated with MS; most significant with WC, followed by TG and FBS and thus can be considered as hepatic component of MS. This needs more research with large multi-centric prospective studies to evaluate NAFLD as an independent risk factor for CVD.
1) This study analyzed electronic medical records of over 171,000 patients with diabetes across India to assess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
2) The overall prevalence of NAFLD among patients with diabetes was found to be 44.48%, with higher rates in males compared to females.
3) Certain states had prevalence rates over 50%, with the highest in Telangana (54.54%) and Chhattisgarh (53.76%). Younger patients, those who were obese, had dyslipidemia, or poor glycemic control had significantly higher odds of NAFLD.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
This study assessed the effectiveness of a health education program for type 2 diabetes patients in Egypt. It found that most patients had low baseline knowledge about diabetes. After the education program, patients had significant improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, blood sugar levels, and HbA1c. The program involved 3 sessions over 3 months that provided information on diabetes symptoms, treatment, complications, diet, exercise, and self-management. The study demonstrated that health education can positively impact diabetes outcomes and is an important part of diabetes care.
In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years is 21.7~25.2%; prevalence is reported to be two times higher (53.1~56.1%) in obese adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between height and blood lipid concentrations in children and adolescents The recent emphasis on treatment of the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and increased small, dense low-density lipoprotein particle number) has compelled practitioners to consider lipid-lowering therapy in a greater number of their patients, as one in two individuals over age 50 has the metabolic syndrome. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome typically have normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and current lipid-lowering guidelines may underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Two subgroups of patients with the metabolic syndrome are at particularly high risk for premature CAD. One, individuals with type 2 diabetes, accounts for 20-30% of early cardiovascular disease. The second, familial combined hyperlipidemia, accounts for an additional 10-20% of premature CAD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by the metabolic syndrome in addition to a disproportionate elevation of apolipoprotein B levels. The measurement of fasting glucose and apolipoprotein B, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, can help to estimate CAD risk in patients with the metabolic syndrome. In this research we compared allopathic medication and medicinal herb in treating hyperlipidemia.
High Density Lipoproteins May Actually be Some Negative Acute Phase Proteins ...JapaneseJournalofGas
Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first group, and then age and gender matched patients with plasma HDL values of 40 mg/dL
High Density Lipoproteins May Actually be Some Negative Acute Phase Proteins ...JohnJulie1
Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first group, and then age and gender matched patients with plasma HDL values of 40 mg/dL and greater were collected into the second group, and compared in between
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My proposal defense of the coming month of may PPT FOR DEFENSE
1. Assessment of Triglycerides to High Density
Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and C -
reactive protein Among Type 2 Diabetic at
Somali Sudanese Hospital in Mogadishu
BY:
Names
Abdikafi Hassan Mohamud ID No. 4087
Kowthar Ali Abdi ID No.4336
Farah Muhidin Ahmed ID No. 4210
2. Introduction/Background
The prevalence of T2DM is steadily increasing everywhere, most
markedly in the world’s middle-income countries. China is experiencing
the world’s largest diabetes epidemic. The prevalence of T2DM in
Mainland China has risen from a low 0.67% in 1980 to an astounding
10.9% in 2013. International Diabetes Federation estimated the
number of Chinese people aged 20–79 years with diabetes to be at
114.4 million in 2017.3 identifying modifiable risk factors and reducing
the prevalence of these factors is essential for the prevention of T2DM.
Dyslipidemia such as elevated triglycerides (TGs) or decreased high-
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a common feature
accompanying T2DM and prediabetic states.
3. Cont.…
There are several prospective studies that have demonstrated
elevated blood TG levels to increase the risk of diabetes,
impaired glucose tolerance11 and impaired fasting glucose.
Some studies have shown that HDL-C is inversely associated
with the incidence of T2DM.Insulin resistance (IR) is a key risk
factor for T2DM. The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been reported to be a
surrogate marker of IR.this might be a simple and reliable
method to assess IR. However, only few prospective studies
have evaluated the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio at
baseline and the incidence of T2DM. (Liu et al., 2021).
4. Problem Statement
• Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a disease that worsens over time and is
typified by persistent decrease of endogenous insulin production and insulin
resistance. In recent years, T2DM has affected an increasing number of people.
• According to reports, in 2013, the estimated prevalence of diabetes and
prediabetes in the adult Chinese population was 11.6% and 50.1%, respectively.
Over 90% of instances of diagnosed diabetes mellitus in China are T2DM cases,
making it the most frequent kind of the disease.
• Early identification of insulin resistance is beneficial since it plays a significant role
in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. One straightforward indicator of
insulin resistance has been suggested: the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). TG/HDL-C's possible use in identifying
insulin resistance. There is insufficient data to suggest that in Chinese people, the
TG/HDL-C ratio serves as a proxy for insulin resistance.
5. Research Objectives
General objective
1. assessment of Triglycerides to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Ratio and C- reactive protein among Type 2 Diabetic at Somali
Sudanese hospital
Specific Objectives
1. To measure triglycerides, HDL and CRP among type 2 diabetic patient at
Somali Sudanese hospital
2. To find ratio between triglyceride and high-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at
Somali Sudanese hospital
3. To assess the relationship between triglyceride, HDL and C-reactive
protein with duration of type two diabetic patients at Somali Sudanese
hospital.
6. Research Question
1. What triglycerides and HDL, CRP among type 2 diabetic patient at Somali
Sudanese hospital?
2. What is ratio between triglyceride and high-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at
Somali Sudanese Hospital?
3. What is assess the relationship between triglyceride, HDL and CRP with
duration type two diabetic patients at Somali Sudanese hospital?
7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Content scope
The study was conduct Somali Sudanese hospital. This hospital is located in
Mogadishu, Somalia’s capital. The researchers was use this hospital because
it is the place to treat the Type 2 Diabetic. The study seeks to assess
Triglycerides to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and C - reactive
protein among Type 2 Diabetic at Somali Sudanese hospital.
Geographical scope
The study was conduct Somali Sudanese hospital. This hospital is located in
Mogadishu, Somalia’s capital.
Time scope
The study was cover the information from September to December 2023.
8. Conceptual Frame Work
Ratio between triglyceride and
high-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Relationship between triglyceride,
HDL and CRP with duration type
two diabetic
Triglycerides, HDL and CRP
among type 2 diabetic
C-reactive protein among Type 2
Diabetic
9. Research Design
Research Design
This study was be descriptive cross-sectional study because it’s easy to
use as the information collect from respondents and it’s not required to
make re-investigation over a period of the study.
Study area
This Study was conduct in Somalia Sudanese specialized hospital located
in Banadir region specially Hodan district Mogadishu-Somalia.
Target Population
The target population of this research was 70 of Somalia Sudanese
hospital staffs in Mogadishu Somalia. This is because the staff has the
right information and knowledge.
10. SAMPLING FRAME
No Name hospital Target
Population
Sample
Size
1 Somali sudanees
hospital
70 60
11. Sample Size Calculation
sample size from the target population. Stratified sampling method
used to classify the target population in to two strata. Using the
Slovene’s formulae, the sample size was 60 as shown below;
12. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Primary data was collect using structured questionnaires. The structured
questionnaire was best suitable for its ability to easily collect data and it
was easily analyse Relevant questions about the variables of the study was
generate
DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
Data was use manually enter in a statistical package for social analysis (SPSS)
spreadsheet then tabulated using the programmer and analyzing. Statistical
package for social science analysis (SPSS) is computer application that
provides statistical analysis of a data. It allows in-depth data access and
preparation, analytical, reporting graphics and reporting tables.
13. Results/findings
• In terms of Age results it showed that the age of respondents.
Majority of the respondents 35(58%) were the age of 26-34 years
following by 15(25%) were 45-65 years while the rest 18-25 years
10(17%) were the age of respondents, comparing to the previous
study for this case which showed that many different ages like this
were find out that the demographic and clinical characteristics of
individuals diagnosed with pre-diabetes. the mean age of the
participants was 50 years, with (64.51%) of them being male. while
the median duration of follow-up was 2.95 years, during which
(41.91%) participants reverted to normoglycemia.
14. Results/findings
• In terms of gender, the respondent’s majority of the respondents 45(75%),
were male while the other 15(25%) who participated were female.
• The previous study indicated that, the incident of T2DM showed an upward
trend in terms of the gender who whose TG/HDL-C ratio (P for trend <
0.01). were male in the context of that the number of gender of female
were more than the males TG/HDL-C, we further reviewed the association
of TG/HDL-C ratio and T2DM in different subgroups (men and women)
followed the factors were also more different.
• The current study showed that the educational level the majority of the
respondents were primary level 20(33%) and the followed by 15 (25%)
were secondary level while the other of the 15(25%) were Bachelor’s
degree and the rest of 10 the respondents of educational level were No
formal education
15. Results/findings
• In accordance with the previous study the educational level were
mostly bachelor degree levels 48 (59%) p.values was 0.016 and the
remaining were secondary leves in terms of the educational level that
wast targeted by the study in 2021, in Ethiopia and sudan.
• Result Laboratory diagnosis were indicated that 35 (58%) were
abnormal for the density lipoprotein cholesterol tests from the blood
while the other rests of 25 (42%) were Normal with the Result of
Laboratory diagnosis tests during the hospital. Overall the baseline,
of other compared researches showed that 50% of men reported
history of type 2 diabetes, and 48% reported personal history of
hypertension; 2% had history family genetics.
16. Results/findings
• In terms of history of high triglycerides the respondents have indicated that
heart disease are the most number one from retrieving the target
populations of this study and the respondents 40 (66%) said yes when
asked them that the Family history of high triglycerides or heart disease
and followed by 20(34%) have said no for the asked questions during the
data collections on the other issues of triglyceride level the most recent
triglyceride level and they indicated that they are normal and followed by
25 (42%) responded that recent triglyceride level is Abnormal when asking
the measurement of protein levels and the last the respondents were
asked that the measurement of protein levels 30 (50%) said yes we
measure while the 25(41%) said no we don’t measure and the rest 5(9%)
said we have Never measure in terms of the findings.
17. Results/findings
• While comparing to the additional study that indicates a non-linear
correlation was found between TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of T2DM,
and the slope of the curve decreased after the cutoff point of 2.54.
Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger positive correlation among
male individuals and those with body mass index <24 kg/m2, this
study which made in Sudan Khartoum in 2014.
18. Results/findings
• On the other hand there was previous study for this case triglyceride
level The high serum CRP concentration in diabetes reported in this
study and by other authors could be due to an increase in adipose
tissue mass that enhances cytokines production by adipocytes,
significant increase in the mean concentration of LDL-C in patients
than controls, being 137.71 ± 36.73 mg/dl and 122.47 ± 16.19 mg/dl
for patients and controls, (P-value 0.000). Also, a significant increase
in the mean of CRP concentration over the control value was seen,
being 7.38 ± 4.08 mg/dl and 4.13 ± 4.08 mg/dl for patients and
controls respectively, (P-value 0.000).
19. Conclusion
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by dysregulation of
carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and results from
impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance or a combination of
both. Of the three major types of diabetes, T2DM is far more
common (accounting for more than 90% of all cases) than either type
1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or gestational diabetes Over the past few
decades, our understanding of the development and progression of
T2DM has evolved rapidly. The TG–to–HDL cholesterol ratio may be
related to the processes involved pathophysiology and relevant with
regard to the risk of clinical vascular disease.
20. Recommendations
• TGs: HDLc ratio and CRP can be used routinely for type2 diabetic patients to
assess atherogenicindex to avoid the complications that may suddenly happen.
• The examine more sample size with different target population to get much more
reliable. Physical activity is an important part of managing your blood glucose
level and staying healthy.Being active has many health benefits.
• You may need to check your blood glucose level before, during, and right after
you are physicallyactive.
• It is needed to further research about on this Combining type 2 diabetes and
prediabetes with dyslipidemia, which is defined by elevated triglycerides (TGs) or
decreased HDL- C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), is common. Numerous
prospective studies have connected elevated blood TG levels to lower glucose
tolerance, poor fasting glucose, and an increased risk of diabetes.