Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills at the OECD, presents at the webinar
No Child Left Behind: Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis on 30 April 2024.
Cannabis: The Insider's Guide to The World's Most Popular Drug.Shadow Foundry
This document provides an overview of cannabis and its main components. It discusses the two main cannabis subspecies, Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa, and explains that the main psychoactive component is delta-9-THC. It also covers the non-psychoactive component cannabidiol (CBD) and describes the endocannabinoid system that THC interacts with in the body. The document discusses consumption methods and their differing bioavailability, and provides safety guidelines and warnings for CBD usage.
Una herramienta para enseñar y aprender
Los estudiantes de hoy han crecido en un “mundo digital” rodeados de medios sociales y tecnologías
móviles, y como resultado, se han desarrollado nuevas formas de entender, aprender y procesar
información.
Las estrategias para combatir la falsificación y el comercio ilegal de medicamentos en el Perú incluyen fortalecer la fiscalización a través de mega operativos interinstitucionales, campañas de concientización pública sobre los riesgos de comprar medicinas falsas, y modificar las leyes para aumentar las penas por estos delitos.
El documento habla sobre estrategias para aumentar las ventas en una droguería a través de la venta cruzada (cross-selling) y la retención de clientes. Explica cómo segmentar a los clientes, analizar sus compras para hacer recomendaciones complementarias, y dar un buen servicio para fidelizarlos. También da consejos sobre cómo realizar de manera efectiva la venta cruzada de forma ética y que aporte valor al cliente.
Henri Nestle founded Nestle Company in 1866 in Switzerland as a nutritious gruel for children. Today, Nestle is the world's largest food and beverage company with sales of CHF 91 billion in 2005. It employs around 250,000 people in over 70 countries with factories worldwide. Since starting over 130 years ago, Nestle has grown through product innovations and acquisitions to become the largest food company. It markets many popular brands across food categories like coffee, water, dairy, pet food, cereals and more. Nestle has a decentralized structure with each country responsible for its own business operations according to the principle of "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally."
The document discusses Tesco's mission and vision statements. It proposes modifying Tesco's mission statement to "give utmost value to stakeholders with harmony among employees and commitment to the vision." It also discusses how values, mission and vision are related, with vision being the aspiration and mission establishing goals to achieve the vision. Strategic planning is important for Tesco to achieve its core mission of "making what matters better together." A PEST analysis identifies political, economic, social and technological factors impacting Tesco, such as laws, unemployment, customer tastes, and new technologies. Entering the Bangladesh market could be good for Tesco due to factors like GDP, political conditions, labor costs, skills availability and competitive advantage.
Learning loss and learning inequalities during the Covid-19 pandemic: an anal...Christian Bokhove
This document analyzes the impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on learning loss and inequalities using data from the UK Understanding Society study. It finds that while schools provided more schoolwork and online/offline lessons during the second closure period, inequalities persisted between high and low socioeconomic status families. The transition to remote learning exacerbated existing gaps, though single parents working from home saw some reduction. Recommendations include keeping schools open if possible, increasing targeted support for disadvantaged students through additional funding, tutoring and internet access, and engaging schools directly to identify and help those most in need.
Disrupted Futures 2023 | Delivering equality of opportunity in educationEduSkills OECD
This presentation from the OECD Disrupted Futures 2023: International lessons on how schools can best equip students for their working lives conference looks at How career guidance can best respond to social inequalities: new OECD analysis and guidance "Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Education. Presented by Esther Doyle and Carol Guildea.
Discover the videos and other sessions from the OECD Disrupted Futures 2023 conference at https://www.oecd.org/education/career-readiness/conferences-webinars/disrupted-futures-2023.htm
Find out more about our work on Career Readiness https://www.oecd.org/education/career-readiness/
Cannabis: The Insider's Guide to The World's Most Popular Drug.Shadow Foundry
This document provides an overview of cannabis and its main components. It discusses the two main cannabis subspecies, Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa, and explains that the main psychoactive component is delta-9-THC. It also covers the non-psychoactive component cannabidiol (CBD) and describes the endocannabinoid system that THC interacts with in the body. The document discusses consumption methods and their differing bioavailability, and provides safety guidelines and warnings for CBD usage.
Una herramienta para enseñar y aprender
Los estudiantes de hoy han crecido en un “mundo digital” rodeados de medios sociales y tecnologías
móviles, y como resultado, se han desarrollado nuevas formas de entender, aprender y procesar
información.
Las estrategias para combatir la falsificación y el comercio ilegal de medicamentos en el Perú incluyen fortalecer la fiscalización a través de mega operativos interinstitucionales, campañas de concientización pública sobre los riesgos de comprar medicinas falsas, y modificar las leyes para aumentar las penas por estos delitos.
El documento habla sobre estrategias para aumentar las ventas en una droguería a través de la venta cruzada (cross-selling) y la retención de clientes. Explica cómo segmentar a los clientes, analizar sus compras para hacer recomendaciones complementarias, y dar un buen servicio para fidelizarlos. También da consejos sobre cómo realizar de manera efectiva la venta cruzada de forma ética y que aporte valor al cliente.
Henri Nestle founded Nestle Company in 1866 in Switzerland as a nutritious gruel for children. Today, Nestle is the world's largest food and beverage company with sales of CHF 91 billion in 2005. It employs around 250,000 people in over 70 countries with factories worldwide. Since starting over 130 years ago, Nestle has grown through product innovations and acquisitions to become the largest food company. It markets many popular brands across food categories like coffee, water, dairy, pet food, cereals and more. Nestle has a decentralized structure with each country responsible for its own business operations according to the principle of "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally."
The document discusses Tesco's mission and vision statements. It proposes modifying Tesco's mission statement to "give utmost value to stakeholders with harmony among employees and commitment to the vision." It also discusses how values, mission and vision are related, with vision being the aspiration and mission establishing goals to achieve the vision. Strategic planning is important for Tesco to achieve its core mission of "making what matters better together." A PEST analysis identifies political, economic, social and technological factors impacting Tesco, such as laws, unemployment, customer tastes, and new technologies. Entering the Bangladesh market could be good for Tesco due to factors like GDP, political conditions, labor costs, skills availability and competitive advantage.
Learning loss and learning inequalities during the Covid-19 pandemic: an anal...Christian Bokhove
This document analyzes the impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on learning loss and inequalities using data from the UK Understanding Society study. It finds that while schools provided more schoolwork and online/offline lessons during the second closure period, inequalities persisted between high and low socioeconomic status families. The transition to remote learning exacerbated existing gaps, though single parents working from home saw some reduction. Recommendations include keeping schools open if possible, increasing targeted support for disadvantaged students through additional funding, tutoring and internet access, and engaging schools directly to identify and help those most in need.
Disrupted Futures 2023 | Delivering equality of opportunity in educationEduSkills OECD
This presentation from the OECD Disrupted Futures 2023: International lessons on how schools can best equip students for their working lives conference looks at How career guidance can best respond to social inequalities: new OECD analysis and guidance "Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Education. Presented by Esther Doyle and Carol Guildea.
Discover the videos and other sessions from the OECD Disrupted Futures 2023 conference at https://www.oecd.org/education/career-readiness/conferences-webinars/disrupted-futures-2023.htm
Find out more about our work on Career Readiness https://www.oecd.org/education/career-readiness/
Effective change in schools oecd pont 2018 mad 6 18Beatriz Pont
Education policy implementation: a framework for policy makers to help ensure that policies have impact in classrooms. Stakeholder engagement, smart policy design, conducive context and a coherent strategy
Mending the Education Divide: Getting strong teachers to the schools that nee...EduSkills OECD
Teachers can shape their students' educational careers. Research shows that children taught by different teachers often experience very different educational outcomes. This begs the questions: how are teachers assigned to schools in different countries? And to what extent do students from different backgrounds have access to good teachers?
Andreas Schleicher presents the latest OECD TALIS analysis that shows how teachers with different characteristics and practices tend to concentrate in different schools, and how much access students with different socio-economic backgrounds have to good teachers. He then explores how we can change education policy to distribute strong teachers more fairly.
Read the report here https://oe.cd/EduEquity
B pont int perspective on ed change bc boisi oct 2015Beatriz Pont
What are OECD countries education change and reform strategies? Are policy makers high expectations: matched with policy capacity to reach the classrooms? There is a need to have clear vision, focus on implementation and evaluation of reforms.
20 annual boisi lecture, Lynch School of Education, Boston College,October, 2015
http://frontrow.bc.edu/program/pont/
Equity and Inclusion in Education PPT Webinar 7 February 2023 Andreas SchleicherEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents findings from Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity at a webinar of the same name on 7 February 2023.
At the webinar OECD analysts and country experts outlined how education systems can cater to students from different background with varied needs. It follows the release of a report by OECD’s Strength in Diversity project that highlights six key steps to reforming education systems to help all students achieve their potential.
If you are a policy maker, teacher or are interested in learning more about how to respond to the challenges, please check out the webinar recording at https://oecdedutoday.com/oecd-education-webinars/
You can find the report at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/equity-and-inclusion-in-education_e9072e21-en
You can also check out our blog space https://oecdedutoday.com/equity-and-inclusion-in-education/ which contains the six key steps plus more context for the report Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity
Extending public education through private provision (patrinos updated)Munkh Orgil
This document discusses non-public provision of basic education. It finds that 70 million children are out of school globally and private school enrollment is growing faster than public school enrollment in many countries. Studies show positive impacts of targeted vouchers in Colombia and mixed evidence for universal vouchers in Chile. Charter schools in the US have shown positive impacts, increasing test scores by 0.2 to 0.8 of a standard deviation. Evidence also shows positive impacts of private management of schools in Colombia and Venezuela. Benchmarking different education systems shows variation in allowing private schools and public funding of private education.
Figure 1 UK Social Mobility Background and Potential Linear ActionsDowshan Humzah
Captures as much of the social mobility research and insight as simply as possible on one side of one piece of paper (covering hindrances to social mobility and drivers to improve it) and then, on the other side of the same piece of page.
OECD Education Policy Outlook: Country Policy Profiles 2020EduSkills OECD
An Education Policy Outlook Profile reviews the current context and situation of the country’s education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement:
Students: How to raise outcomes for all in terms of 1) equity and quality and 2) preparing students for the future.
Institutions: How to raise quality through 3) school improvement and 4) evaluation and assessment.
System: How the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of 5) governance and 6) funding.
This document summarizes research on school dropout rates in the Philippines and Turkey. It defines school dropout and identifies factors that influence dropout rates such as individual characteristics, family/community influences, and economic pressures. In the Philippines, dropout rates remain high in some regions due to conflict, natural disasters, and economic challenges. Boys have higher dropout rates than girls. In Turkey, most students drop out because they exceed the mandatory school age. Family and economic pressures also influence dropout rates.
Implementing education responses to coronavirus (COVID-19)EduSkills OECD
The coronavirus crisis has seen education systems around the world having to quickly react to the unprecedented situation. We present a toolkit to help countries continue in their efforts to design and implement education system responses during COVID-19. The toolkit can be used by individual policy makers or teams at the local, regional or national level to shape the implementation of their education response strategies.
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms HappenEduSkills OECD
Education Policy Outlook in Brief Looks at education reforms across 34 OECD countries that can touch the lives of more than 150 million students. There are common trends from the more than 450 reforms adopted across countries. With the crisis they are becoming more strategic. Education policy is not only about design. implementation and follow up are vital for success of reforms. The Outlook aims to support policy makers and others to make reform happen that translates into better education in our schools and classrooms
Finding Ways to Strengthen Integrity Through Institutional Reform and Better ...EduSkills OECD
Education in Ukraine is marked by integrity violations from early childhood education and care through postgraduate study. In the past decade policy makers and civic organisations have made progress in addressing these challenges. However, much remains to be done. OECD Reviews of Integrity in Education: Ukraine 2017 aims to support these efforts.
The review examines systemic integrity violations in Ukraine. These include: preferential access to school and pre-school education through favours and bribes; misappropriation of parental contributions to schools; undue recognition of learning achievement in schools; paid supplementary tutoring by classroom teachers; textbook procurement fraud; and, in higher education, corrupt access, academic dishonesty, and unwarranted recognition of academic work.
The report identifies how policy shortcomings create incentives for misconduct and provide opportunities for educators and students to act on these incentives. It presents recommendations to address these weaknesses and strengthen public trust in a merit-based education system. The audience of this report is policy makers, opinion leaders and educators in Ukraine.
AHDS Annual Conference 2014 - Graham DonaldsonAHDScotland
The document discusses factors driving change in education and implications for the future of education. It summarizes key messages from international assessments and examples from other education systems. The Scottish education system aims to provide broad education for all students through its Curriculum for Excellence reforms while also raising standards. This includes revitalizing teacher education and supporting career-long professional learning through the new Scottish College for Educational Leadership.
What can teacher education itself do to encourage inclusion? Scottish Teacher...GTC Scotland
The document discusses issues around inclusion of students with disabilities in initial teacher education (ITE) programs in Scotland. It notes that universities have varying levels of expertise in supporting students with disabilities and there is sometimes a lack of communication between universities and partner schools about students' needs. It also found problems with disclosure of disabilities, risk assessments, funding support assistants, and attitudes. Stakeholders agree it is important to promote ITE programs to applicants with disabilities and provide clearer guidance around reasonable adjustments and notifying schools of students' needs.
Education systems have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The document discusses four potential scenarios for the future of education based on an OECD report. Scenario 3 envisions schools remaining important but becoming more diverse learning hubs that are connected to their local communities. Schools would function as nodes in networks, with more flexible and personalized learning opportunities involving community partnerships. Teachers would take on networked roles within broader expertise communities. Governance would emphasize local decision making and self-organizing partnerships between schools and other institutions.
1) The document discusses challenges in European education systems, including high youth unemployment and decreasing education budgets.
2) It proposes focusing on improving teacher quality and developing skills relevant to the labor market and society. Member states should improve teacher recruitment and training, while the EU can help through funding and policy coordination.
3) The Rethinking Education package and Erasmus for All program aim to invest in skills, flexible learning opportunities, and collaboration between education institutions and businesses. The goal is support economic growth through excellence in vocational education and training.
This document discusses early school leaving (ESL) in Europe. It provides background on ESL, noting that it is a complex issue influenced by students' psycho-social factors, teaching strategies, and national education policies. ESL has negative consequences, including higher unemployment and lower earnings. While progress has been made, many EU countries still exceed the goal of reducing ESL to less than 10% by 2020. The document examines ESL rates across various European nations and regions, identifies common causes for dropping out, and outlines EU-level efforts to address ESL through framework agreements, working groups, and strategy documents.
Slides to Accompany the following lecture:
'Post-school transitions of deaf young people in Scotland'
- Dr Mariela Fordyce
Tuesday 3rd June
Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh
For all young people, the process of transition to adulthood is likely to present a series of risks and challenges. This is especially likely to be the case for deaf young people who may face additional environmental and attitudinal barriers linked to the challenges of communicating in a hearing world.
This presentation draws on the main findings of a study commissioned by The National Deaf Children's Society Scotland, carried out between June 2012 and October 2013 by researchers at the University of Edinburgh. The study combines a review of official statistics and interviews with deaf young people and aims to provide insights into deaf young people's journeys through pre- and post-16 education and training and into the labour market.
Dr. Mariela Fordyce was the researcher on the project, along with Professor Sheila Riddell, Rachel O'Neill and Dr. Elisabet Weedon.
Inclusive Innovation for Admission to Higher Education by Nicolas Jonas (OECD)EduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Nicolas Jonas of the OECD at the international seminar “Equity and quality on higher education: from the right of access to the challenge of graduation” on 17-18 June 2016 in Santiago, Chile.
Dr Bernadette Sanderson, Director of FOCUS West, based at the University of Glasgow, discussing widening participation efforts in Scotland, and the strategies for, and the challenges associated with, helping disadvantaged students access further education. Audio and transcript available at ncsehe.edu.au
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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Education policy implementation: a framework for policy makers to help ensure that policies have impact in classrooms. Stakeholder engagement, smart policy design, conducive context and a coherent strategy
Mending the Education Divide: Getting strong teachers to the schools that nee...EduSkills OECD
Teachers can shape their students' educational careers. Research shows that children taught by different teachers often experience very different educational outcomes. This begs the questions: how are teachers assigned to schools in different countries? And to what extent do students from different backgrounds have access to good teachers?
Andreas Schleicher presents the latest OECD TALIS analysis that shows how teachers with different characteristics and practices tend to concentrate in different schools, and how much access students with different socio-economic backgrounds have to good teachers. He then explores how we can change education policy to distribute strong teachers more fairly.
Read the report here https://oe.cd/EduEquity
B pont int perspective on ed change bc boisi oct 2015Beatriz Pont
What are OECD countries education change and reform strategies? Are policy makers high expectations: matched with policy capacity to reach the classrooms? There is a need to have clear vision, focus on implementation and evaluation of reforms.
20 annual boisi lecture, Lynch School of Education, Boston College,October, 2015
http://frontrow.bc.edu/program/pont/
Equity and Inclusion in Education PPT Webinar 7 February 2023 Andreas SchleicherEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents findings from Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity at a webinar of the same name on 7 February 2023.
At the webinar OECD analysts and country experts outlined how education systems can cater to students from different background with varied needs. It follows the release of a report by OECD’s Strength in Diversity project that highlights six key steps to reforming education systems to help all students achieve their potential.
If you are a policy maker, teacher or are interested in learning more about how to respond to the challenges, please check out the webinar recording at https://oecdedutoday.com/oecd-education-webinars/
You can find the report at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/equity-and-inclusion-in-education_e9072e21-en
You can also check out our blog space https://oecdedutoday.com/equity-and-inclusion-in-education/ which contains the six key steps plus more context for the report Equity and Inclusion in Education: Finding Strength through Diversity
Extending public education through private provision (patrinos updated)Munkh Orgil
This document discusses non-public provision of basic education. It finds that 70 million children are out of school globally and private school enrollment is growing faster than public school enrollment in many countries. Studies show positive impacts of targeted vouchers in Colombia and mixed evidence for universal vouchers in Chile. Charter schools in the US have shown positive impacts, increasing test scores by 0.2 to 0.8 of a standard deviation. Evidence also shows positive impacts of private management of schools in Colombia and Venezuela. Benchmarking different education systems shows variation in allowing private schools and public funding of private education.
Figure 1 UK Social Mobility Background and Potential Linear ActionsDowshan Humzah
Captures as much of the social mobility research and insight as simply as possible on one side of one piece of paper (covering hindrances to social mobility and drivers to improve it) and then, on the other side of the same piece of page.
OECD Education Policy Outlook: Country Policy Profiles 2020EduSkills OECD
An Education Policy Outlook Profile reviews the current context and situation of the country’s education system and examines its challenges and policy responses, according to six policy levers that support improvement:
Students: How to raise outcomes for all in terms of 1) equity and quality and 2) preparing students for the future.
Institutions: How to raise quality through 3) school improvement and 4) evaluation and assessment.
System: How the system is organised to deliver education policy in terms of 5) governance and 6) funding.
This document summarizes research on school dropout rates in the Philippines and Turkey. It defines school dropout and identifies factors that influence dropout rates such as individual characteristics, family/community influences, and economic pressures. In the Philippines, dropout rates remain high in some regions due to conflict, natural disasters, and economic challenges. Boys have higher dropout rates than girls. In Turkey, most students drop out because they exceed the mandatory school age. Family and economic pressures also influence dropout rates.
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Education Policy Outlook in Brief Looks at education reforms across 34 OECD countries that can touch the lives of more than 150 million students. There are common trends from the more than 450 reforms adopted across countries. With the crisis they are becoming more strategic. Education policy is not only about design. implementation and follow up are vital for success of reforms. The Outlook aims to support policy makers and others to make reform happen that translates into better education in our schools and classrooms
Finding Ways to Strengthen Integrity Through Institutional Reform and Better ...EduSkills OECD
Education in Ukraine is marked by integrity violations from early childhood education and care through postgraduate study. In the past decade policy makers and civic organisations have made progress in addressing these challenges. However, much remains to be done. OECD Reviews of Integrity in Education: Ukraine 2017 aims to support these efforts.
The review examines systemic integrity violations in Ukraine. These include: preferential access to school and pre-school education through favours and bribes; misappropriation of parental contributions to schools; undue recognition of learning achievement in schools; paid supplementary tutoring by classroom teachers; textbook procurement fraud; and, in higher education, corrupt access, academic dishonesty, and unwarranted recognition of academic work.
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AHDS Annual Conference 2014 - Graham DonaldsonAHDScotland
The document discusses factors driving change in education and implications for the future of education. It summarizes key messages from international assessments and examples from other education systems. The Scottish education system aims to provide broad education for all students through its Curriculum for Excellence reforms while also raising standards. This includes revitalizing teacher education and supporting career-long professional learning through the new Scottish College for Educational Leadership.
What can teacher education itself do to encourage inclusion? Scottish Teacher...GTC Scotland
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1) The document discusses challenges in European education systems, including high youth unemployment and decreasing education budgets.
2) It proposes focusing on improving teacher quality and developing skills relevant to the labor market and society. Member states should improve teacher recruitment and training, while the EU can help through funding and policy coordination.
3) The Rethinking Education package and Erasmus for All program aim to invest in skills, flexible learning opportunities, and collaboration between education institutions and businesses. The goal is support economic growth through excellence in vocational education and training.
This document discusses early school leaving (ESL) in Europe. It provides background on ESL, noting that it is a complex issue influenced by students' psycho-social factors, teaching strategies, and national education policies. ESL has negative consequences, including higher unemployment and lower earnings. While progress has been made, many EU countries still exceed the goal of reducing ESL to less than 10% by 2020. The document examines ESL rates across various European nations and regions, identifies common causes for dropping out, and outlines EU-level efforts to address ESL through framework agreements, working groups, and strategy documents.
Slides to Accompany the following lecture:
'Post-school transitions of deaf young people in Scotland'
- Dr Mariela Fordyce
Tuesday 3rd June
Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh
For all young people, the process of transition to adulthood is likely to present a series of risks and challenges. This is especially likely to be the case for deaf young people who may face additional environmental and attitudinal barriers linked to the challenges of communicating in a hearing world.
This presentation draws on the main findings of a study commissioned by The National Deaf Children's Society Scotland, carried out between June 2012 and October 2013 by researchers at the University of Edinburgh. The study combines a review of official statistics and interviews with deaf young people and aims to provide insights into deaf young people's journeys through pre- and post-16 education and training and into the labour market.
Dr. Mariela Fordyce was the researcher on the project, along with Professor Sheila Riddell, Rachel O'Neill and Dr. Elisabet Weedon.
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Dr Bernadette Sanderson, Director of FOCUS West, based at the University of Glasgow, discussing widening participation efforts in Scotland, and the strategies for, and the challenges associated with, helping disadvantaged students access further education. Audio and transcript available at ncsehe.edu.au
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This document summarizes key findings from the TALIS Starting Strong 2018 survey on diversity and quality in early childhood education. It finds that socioeconomic gaps in child development emerge early. While early childhood education can help disadvantaged children, quality varies between more and less diverse centers. More diverse centers often face greater shortages and lower parental involvement, though staff may have more diversity training and use adaptive practices. Ensuring resources for diverse centers, reducing diversity concentrations, and supporting family engagement could help reduce inequalities.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 April 2024
1. Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis
Andreas Schleicher, Director
30 April 2024
Directorate for Education and Skills
2. Defining absenteeism
Problematic school absenteeism does not refer to a single concept, but to
various concepts, as:
• school refusal (absenteeism due to the child’s emotional distress, especially
anxiety and depression),
• school phobia (fear-based absenteeism),
• truancy (unexcused, illegal, non-anxiety-based absenteeism),
• absence from specific lessons.
3. Drivers of absenteeism
Student-specific Teenage motherhood, low academic performance and repeating grades, lack of
caring relationships with adults, negative peer influence, bullying
Family-specific
Low family income, low parent involvement, unstable housing, at-home
responsibilities, stressful family events conflicting home and school priorities, language
differences
School-specific
Poor conditions or lack of school facilities, low-quality teachers, teacher shortages,
poor student-teacher interactions, geographic access to school, less challenging
courses and student boredom
Community-specific
Availability of job opportunities that do not require formal schooling, unsafe
neighbourhoods, low compulsory education requirements, lack of social and education
support services
Factors related to absenteeism
Source: REL Pacific (2014) Review of research on student nonenrolment and chronic absenteeism, https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/rel/regions/pacific/pdf/REL_2014054.pdf
(accessed 22/04/2024)
4. Absenteeism across the OECD and accession countries
Long-term absenteeism: Percentage of students who reported that they had missed school for more than three
consecutive months at any education level
Source: OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
Overall Disadvantaged Advantaged Non-immigrant Immigrant
5. Reasons for long-term absenteeism
Percentage of students who reported the following reasons for having missed school for more than three consecutive months at
any education level (OECD average)
Source: OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
I was sick I did not feel
safe at
school
I was bored School was
closed
because of a
natural
disaster
I had to take
care of a
family
member
I could not
reach school
because of
transportation
problems
I had to help
with work at
home, the
family
business or
on the family
land
I was
suspended
for something
I had to get
work to bring
money home
I was
pregnant
I could not
pay school
fees
6. Missing school due to boredom
Percentage of students who missed school for more than three consecutive months because they were bored:
Note: Figures show OECD average
Source: OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results
14.1
22.2
Girls Boys
20.9
16.6
Lower secondary… Upper secondary…
7. Truancy in OECD and accession countries
Truancy: Percentage of students who skipped a day of school at least once in the two weeks prior to the PISA test
Source: OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
Overall Disadvantaged Advantaged Non-immigrant Immigrant
8. The impact of absenteeism on students, economies and societies (I)
Source: OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results
• PISA 2022 data suggest that long-term
absenteeism is particularly harmful to
students’ academic success, especially at
higher levels of education
• While students who missed school for longer
in primary education scored 35 points lower in
mathematics, students who did so in lower or
upper secondary education scored 41 and 59
points lower, respectively, than their peers
who did not miss school for such long periods
(on average across OECD countries).
9. The impact of absenteeism on students, economies and societies (II)
• Social and emotional development: Absenteeism correlates with risky behaviors, such as substance abuse,
while also fostering feelings of alienation and social disengagement among students, impacting their emotional
well-being.
• Long-term socio-economic consequences: Absenteeism is linked to lower chances of school completion, early
leaving from education, and poor labor market outcomes, resulting in decreased lifetime earnings, increased
unemployment rates and social costs for individuals and society.
• A Swedish (2022) study found that just 10 annual days of absence in primary school are estimated to
decrease lifetime income by 1%–2% for both genders.
• A 2022 study in Ireland found that the overall lifetime costs associated with male early school leaving are
approximately EUR 29 300 in benefits and lost tax revenue, without factoring in expenses related to
health or crime.
11. Education for Inclusive Societies 2023 survey on COVID-19: an introduction
2
modules
1) identify practices developed and retained during and after the
pandemic, which have shown promise in fostering equity and
inclusion in education.
2) gather information on changes in student engagement and truancy
post COVID-19, addressing the impact on their educational
participation.
27
responses
Australia, Austria, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia*, Czech
Republic, England (United Kingdom), Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Korea,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland
(United Kingdom), Norway, Nova Scotia (Canada) , Portugal, Romania*,
Saskatchewan (Canada), Scotland (United Kingdom), Spain (Min. of
Education & Vocational Training), Spain (Min. of Universities), Sweden,
Türkiye
12. 0
5
10
15
20
25
Increase in drop-out Increase in truancy
Number of systems reporting an increase in drop-outs and
truancy (across educational levels)
Yes No
Reported changes in drop-outs and truancy
Note: 27 education systems replied to the survey; 22 and 23 systems provided valid responses on drop-outs and truancy, respectively.
Source: Education for Inclusive Societies, short COVID-19 survey (2023)
13. A breakdown across education levels
Primary
Lower
secondary
Upper
secondary
Other
Drop-outs 1 0 6 8
Truancy 6 6 6 5
The increase in drop-outs appeared to be
concentrated in upper secondary
education and in other levels, such as:
• Higher education
• Vocational education
• Special education
• Adult education
The increase in truancy seems more
frequent across levels, as it is distributed
across all educational levels, from
primary education onwards
A limitation: some education systems
flagged that they do not collect precise
data on absences at the national level, or
have delayed collections and analyses
14. The reported increases are not universal across countries, nevertheless..
Country Was any policy adopted to respond to drop-outs or absenteeism?
Australia Yes
Austria No
Chile Yes
Colombia Yes
Costa Rica Yes
Croatia No
Czech Republic Yes
England (United Kingdom) Yes
Estonia Yes
Finland Yes
Ireland Yes
Korea No
Lithuania No
Luxembourg Yes
Netherlands Yes
New Zealand Yes
Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) No
Norway Yes
Nova Scotia (Canada) No
Portugal Yes
Romania Yes
Saskatchewan (Canada) Yes
Scotland (United Kingdom) No
Spain (Ministry of Education and Vocational Training) Yes
Spain (Ministry of Higher Education) Yes
Sweden Yes
Türkiye Yes
TOTAL YES 20
TOTAL NO 7
Most education
systems do have
policies to
respond to these
phenomena
Source: Education for Inclusive
Societies, short COVID-19 survey
(2023)
15. What do these policies focus on?
• Provision of services such as mental health support and well-being initiatives (e.g., Australia)
• Strengthening data collection and early warning systems (e.g., Chile, Finland, Norway)
• Funding to schools or local entities for targeted approaches (e.g., England, New Zealand)
• Changing the compulsory schooling age (e.g., Estonia, Luxembourg)
• Engaging communities (e.g., Finland)
• Conducting positive messaging campaigns and building capacity (e.g., Ireland)
• Started research activities or working groups on the topic (e.g., Spain, Sweden)
• Higher education specific measures: student support, funding, scholarships, reduced fees, etc.
(e.g., Saskatchewan (Canada), Spain)
These policies cover a variety of policy areas and target different student outcomes
17. Peer-learning
discussions
Structured exchange: Informal yet structured discussions, focusing on specific policy
questions or challenges related to school absence and disengagement. Sessions, format
and duration to be chosen with participating education systems.
Short policy
briefs
Concise summary of data, policies and practices regarding school absence, emphasising
insights from peer-learning discussions. Can be also brief country case studies on
attendance policies, showcasing successful strategies and data utilisation for
understanding absence and disengagement.
Comparative
report
In-depth analysis and practical pointers. This can be a report comparing approaches to
addressing school absence across various OECD education systems. Can also include
surveys to gather comparative data from participating and additional systems to
enhance the report’s depth and breadth.
School attendance is a priority in many OECD and accession countries. Therefore, the OECD is planning a new peer-
learning project for education systems, to be funded by Voluntary Contributions. So far, we have a few systems signed up
to take part, including Ireland and Norway who are participating in the webinar today.
.
Context
Open to new participants.
18. > Definitions of
different forms of
absenteeism
(truancy, justified
school absenteeism,
school refusal,
school withdrawal,
pre-planned truancy)
> Early-warning
systems and
responses
> Data lags and
obtaining current
data
> Self-reported data to
monitor student
motivations
Data issues Drivers
> Thematic focuses on
various drivers and
recent research in
post-COVID times
such as:
> Parental attitudes
> Gender gaps in
engagement in
education
> Mental health and
anxiety
> Group specific
challenges – SEN,
immigrants, socio-
economic status
> Peer-effects
> Extension of
compulsory
education
> Mental health
services
> Early warning
systems
> Targeted funding
(breakfast clubs,
lunches, etc.)
> Group specific
interventions
(disadvantaged
areas, etc.)
> Family engagement
Policy responses Results
> Early results from
selected policy
options
> Evidence-based
interventions
Potential subtopics to be addressed in project
19. Tentative timeline
July – December
2024
Short policy
briefs
Short publication with case
studies.
Topic 1 – July 2024
Topic 2 – October 2024
Topic 3 – December 2024
January – June 2025
Comparative
report on
school absence
Draft comparative report
January – April 2025.
Final report with case
studies – May/June 2025.
June - November
2024
Peer-learning
discussions
Topic 1 – June 2024
Topic 2 – September 2024
Topic 3 – November 2024
May 2024
on topics and
organisation of peer-
learning discussions
Preliminary
discussions
20. CONTACT
Andreas Schleicher, Director, andreas.schleicher@oecd.org, X @SchleicherOECD
For education systems interested in the peer-learning project, please contact Lucie
Cerna, Senior Analyst, at lucie.cerna@oecd.org
Beyond COVID-19: Evaluating Post-Pandemic Education Policies and Combatting
Student Absenteeism (Policy Brief), Forthcoming early May 2024