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Manish Singh
Engineer at Hevo
https://linkedin.com/in/manishsingh123/
Challenges in Building a
Data Pipeline
● Data Pipeline
● Possible Implementations
● Challenges
● Data Processing Architectures
Agenda
● Highly scalable
● Highly available
● Low latency
● Zero data loss
● Support for multiple data sources (e.g. MySQL, NoSQL,
Mixpanel, Analytics)
● Instrumentation, monitoring, and alerting
● Real-time vs Batch
Expectations
Stream
● Usages: Live dashboards
(count, average), rate
limiting, triggers
● Processing: Apache Storm,
Apache Spark, Apache
Samza
● Store: Elastic Search, Druid,
Spark SQL, Kafka SQL
Stream vs Batch
Batch
● Batch Processing
and
pre-computation
● Immutable Store: HDFS,
Cassandra, Event Stream to
S3
● Data Warehouse: HBase,
Hive, Redshift, Postgres
● ETL (Extract -> Transform -> Load)
● ELT (Extract -> Load -> Transform)
ETL vs ELT
● Complexity of transformation logic compromises latency
● Hardware systems today are better equipped
● Efficient, reduces load time
● Cost effective in the cloud, less components required
Moving from traditional ETL
to ELT
● Query Source DB and keep offset (ID, Updated timestamp)
● Database change logs (e.g. Mysql Binlogs, MongoDB Oplogs)
Replication Modes
● New fields can be added to a source at any point in time
● Character lengths of String columns in source can increase
● Data Type incompatibility between Source and Destination
● Varying type casting
● Data loss during loads - Power failure, Server failure, Code
bugs, etc
Challenges
● Schema detection cannot be done upfront
● Different documents in a single collection can have a different
set of fields
● Different documents in a single collection can have
incompatible field data types
● Nested objects and arrays with a dynamic structure
Additional Challenges with
NoSQL
● Transformations
● Security (Filter, Hashing)
● Replay Mechanism
● Integrity and Anomaly Detection
● Monitoring and Alerts for failures
● Activity Log
Effective Implementations
● How to beat the CAP theorem by Nathan Marz
● Different layers for stream and batch processing
● Need to manage two different layers of the system
Lambda Architecture
Lambda Architecture
● Questioning the Lambda Architecture by Jay Kreps
● Only stream processing with parallelism
● Set Kafka retention policy
● Reprocess into separate table
● Switch table when done and delete the old one
Kappa Architecture
Kappa Architecture
Questions?
Thank You
Manish Singh, Hevo
https://linkedin.com/in/manishsingh123/

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Challenges in building a Data Pipeline

  • 1. Manish Singh Engineer at Hevo https://linkedin.com/in/manishsingh123/ Challenges in Building a Data Pipeline
  • 2. ● Data Pipeline ● Possible Implementations ● Challenges ● Data Processing Architectures Agenda
  • 3. ● Highly scalable ● Highly available ● Low latency ● Zero data loss ● Support for multiple data sources (e.g. MySQL, NoSQL, Mixpanel, Analytics) ● Instrumentation, monitoring, and alerting ● Real-time vs Batch Expectations
  • 4. Stream ● Usages: Live dashboards (count, average), rate limiting, triggers ● Processing: Apache Storm, Apache Spark, Apache Samza ● Store: Elastic Search, Druid, Spark SQL, Kafka SQL Stream vs Batch Batch ● Batch Processing and pre-computation ● Immutable Store: HDFS, Cassandra, Event Stream to S3 ● Data Warehouse: HBase, Hive, Redshift, Postgres
  • 5. ● ETL (Extract -> Transform -> Load) ● ELT (Extract -> Load -> Transform) ETL vs ELT
  • 6.
  • 7. ● Complexity of transformation logic compromises latency ● Hardware systems today are better equipped ● Efficient, reduces load time ● Cost effective in the cloud, less components required Moving from traditional ETL to ELT
  • 8. ● Query Source DB and keep offset (ID, Updated timestamp) ● Database change logs (e.g. Mysql Binlogs, MongoDB Oplogs) Replication Modes
  • 9. ● New fields can be added to a source at any point in time ● Character lengths of String columns in source can increase ● Data Type incompatibility between Source and Destination ● Varying type casting ● Data loss during loads - Power failure, Server failure, Code bugs, etc Challenges
  • 10. ● Schema detection cannot be done upfront ● Different documents in a single collection can have a different set of fields ● Different documents in a single collection can have incompatible field data types ● Nested objects and arrays with a dynamic structure Additional Challenges with NoSQL
  • 11. ● Transformations ● Security (Filter, Hashing) ● Replay Mechanism ● Integrity and Anomaly Detection ● Monitoring and Alerts for failures ● Activity Log Effective Implementations
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. ● How to beat the CAP theorem by Nathan Marz ● Different layers for stream and batch processing ● Need to manage two different layers of the system Lambda Architecture
  • 16. ● Questioning the Lambda Architecture by Jay Kreps ● Only stream processing with parallelism ● Set Kafka retention policy ● Reprocess into separate table ● Switch table when done and delete the old one Kappa Architecture
  • 19. Thank You Manish Singh, Hevo https://linkedin.com/in/manishsingh123/

Notas del editor

  1. https://youtu.be/YzAIjEQ75_c?t=6892 Explain Kafka SQL
  2. Yahoo’s Hadoop clusters sorted 1 TB of data in 209 seconds Petabyte sort using Spark in 4 hours
  3. Petabyte sort using Spark in 4 hours
  4. Petabyte sort using Spark in 4 hours
  5. Petabyte sort using Spark in 4 hours
  6. Petabyte sort using Spark in 4 hours
  7. Lambda - 11th Greek letter
  8. Kappa - 10th Greek letter