Ms. Ladda Viriyangura presented on 'Policy for Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture/Rice Development in Context of Climate Change in Thailand' at Regional Review and Planning Workshop 2017, Hanoi, VIetnam

1. Thailand Policy
for food security and rice development
within the context of water management
& climate change adaptation
Ladda Viriyangkura
Expert on Rice Inspection and Certification
Rice Department
Ministry of Agricultural and Cooperatives

2. Outlines
 Situation about Thai Agricultures & Global Trend
 Food Security & Agricultural Development plan
 Climate Change : Thailand Master Plan
 Sustainable Rice Cultivation

3.  Old age, poor (compare to
poverty line and compare with
other career )
 High debt situation
Fatigue Thai Farmers
 Leading export country : Rice,
Rubber, Cassava, Sugar, Canned
Tuna, Canned Pineapple
 Never facing trade deficit
• Drought
• Low price
Present
Situation
Present
Situation
But in high Risk Situation
 Too much Rely on Export market
 Depending on import production
input (Chemical fertilizer/ chemical
Substance)
 Climate change and fluctuate selling
price
Good Performance
Fact about Thai Agriculture
3

4. 1.ClimateChange:Global
warming/ (โลกร้อนขึน/ภัยธรรมชาติเกิดถี
ขึนและรุนแรงมากขึน)
2. Natural Resource Degradation
ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติเสือมโทรม(ฝนแล้งนําท่วม
ป่าไม้ถูกทําลายการชะล้างพังทลายของดินสูง)
3.FreeTradeAgreements:FTA
การค้า/การลงทุนเสรีมากขึน(ภาษีนําเข้า
ลดลง/NTBมากขึน/การแข่งขันสูงขึน/เป็นทัง
โอกาสและภัยคุกคาม)
4. Food Security / Food Safety
ประชากรของโลกเพิมขึนและประมาณ800
ล้านคนยังอดอยากทุกประเทศห่วงใยในความ
มันคงและความปลอดภัยด้านอาหาร
5. Self-sufficiency Policy ต้องการ
พึงตนเอง
6.Consumer’s Behavior พฤติกรรม
ของผู้บริโภคเปลียนไป
7.Digital Economy
8.Bioeconomy/ Bio-based
Economy ให้ความสําคัญกับเศรษฐกิจ
ดิจิตอลให้ความสําคัญกับเศรษฐกิจชีวภาพ
Globalization & Thai Agriculture
4

5. 1. Moving to consume local
produce
Save energy for transportation/
reduce global warming
2. Consume for health
concern
Safe food/ Nutrition food
3. Global environment
concern
Select product form
environmental friendly
production system
4. Traceability System Be able to trace back to
producers for quality guarantee
Opportunities and Callenges for Agricultural Sectors
World Consumption Trend

6. 6
Dimension for Agricultural Development
Improve knowledge
Support production
input & fund
Develop social welfare
for farmers
Develop crop
insurance for risk
management for
farmers
Improve productivity
Improve product quality
Improve value added to
agricultural product
Implement production
system to balance demand
and supply with strengthen
value chain management
Introduce & Implement
fare sharing production
system
Develop irrigation system
Land consolidation for poor
farmer
Land reform for agricultural
Develop storage &
warehouse for agricultural
product
Develop transportation
system from farm to market
Soil conservation &
revival
Forest conservation &
revival
Natural resource
conservation & revival
natural water sources
Mitigation global
warming
Develop
farmers’
organization
Develop
production
system
Natural resource
Conservation & prevent
degradation from
agricultural sector
Develop infrastructure
& logistics in
agriculture sector
Development plan

7. Community-based/Area-based
Issue-based/
Function based
Household-based /
Farmer-based
Commodity-based
4 approaches need to integrate
and effective management
Approaches for Agricultural Development
7

8. Socially Acceptable- national
& global
Community Benefit Culture Religion
InvestmentProfitMarket
Air Water Noise ForestSoil
Self-Sustained
Physically Feasible
Climate WaterSoil Logistics
Economically Viable
Environmental
Friendly
M&E
Factors need to consider for
agricultural development projects

9. ZoningTraceability Farmers’
database
Intensive
Farming
Restructuring
Production
System
Management
production
systemInspection &
certification for
GAP/GMP)
Biotechnology/
Farm Machinery
Quality
seed supply
system
Site Specific
Technology
Value adding
Restructuring Agricultural SectorRestructuring Agricultural Sector

10. Public sectors
facilitate for
supporting driven &
mechanism
Enhance
private sectors
take main roles
Develop consumer
supporting
agriculture
(CSA)
Strengthen
Contract Farming
Strengthen Fair trade
Profit -Revenue
Sharing
Restructuring Agricultural SectorRestructuring Agricultural Sector
Strengthen agriculture
future market
Implement & enhance
local farmers’ market

11. 11
Agriculture Development Plan
Goals
Ultimate
* Quality of Life of Farmers
* Food Security
* Export Earning
Intermediate • Country Competitiveness
* Improve Productivity
* Cost Reduction
* Quality Production
Primary

12. 4 - Dimension of Food Security
Source : Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Food Security
Availability Accessibility Utilization
Stability
12
All levels
National
Individual
Household
All dimensions need to access

13. and Sustainability Goals
Key Elements to Achieve
Food Safety, Food Security, Farmers’ Wealth
and Sustainability Goals
13
• Food Standard & Certification
• Law Enforcement
•Educate Consumers
• Food Bank / Seed Bank
• Food Emergency Plan
•Off-farm Income Program
•Sufficiency Economy Program
•Cost Reduction Program
•Quality Product Improvement
•Revenue Sharing Program
•Framers’ Welfare Program
•Green Technology
•Incentive Measures
•Inclusive Development
Food Safety
Food Security
Farmers’
Wealth
Sustainability

14. National Strategy No. 3
Strengthening Economy on a sustainable basis
 Enhance and strengthen sustainable productivity
• Development water supply for agriculture sector
• Development cropping system corresponding to water resources
• Water management system in each basin for agriculture sector
• Increase water efficiency
• Protect efficiency agricultural land by enforce agricultural area act
• Soil rehabilitation and maintenance
Development plan for Agriculture Sector
14

15.  Cost reduction and increase marketing potential
 Management of zoning agriculture
 Large production area management
 Development and promotion of organic agriculture
 Learning center for improvement agricultural
 Agricultural bank for seed and animal
 Development for sustainable fishery farming
 Strengthening driven mechanism for success implement related
national
15
National Strategy No. 3 (cont.)
Strengthening Economy on a sustainable basis
Development plan and project

16. Solution
approaches
Farmers/ People need to follow public
advise and recommendation
Farmers/ People need to follow public
advise and recommendation
Follow rules and regulationsFollow rules and regulations
Government needs to enforce rules and
regulations
Government needs to enforce rules and
regulations
Causes
Problem : Very hard
to solve
Not understand good
practices in farming
No intention
With
intention
People
Natural Disaster Decreasing Productivity
Natural Resources Degradation :
Soil/water/Forestry

17. GHG effect from industrial – energy & transportation
including agricultural sectors (open burning & flooded
farming condition)
Causes
Solution
Government
Mitigation
• R & D for technologies improvement
• Awareness raising and law enforcement
Farmers • Follow recommend technologies, rules and
regulations
Find the ways to stay in
Change / follow recommendation/
stop activities
Adaptation
Global
Warming Production yield decreased
Climate Change

18. Wealthy
Security Sustainable
National Development Plan
Adaptation Mitigation
Mechanism Mechanism
Information, Knowledge, and Technology
People Network Regulation Cooperation Budgeting
system
Awarenes
s
Awareness
Thailand Conceptual framework
2017 – 2021 Strategy
Sustainable
Agriculture with
Low Carbon

19. (Drafted)
Climate Change Master Plan
Conceptual framework
2017 – 2021 Strategy
OAE -MOAC

20. Vision
Thailand’s agriculture has climate resilience and
contributes to mitigate climate change problems under the
sustainable development pathway.
Mission
1) Raising awareness of the impacts and convey information, knowledge and
technology to development parties at all levels to enhance the readiness for
climate change-related policies
2) Develop the database, knowledge and technology under the cooperation
from all sectors to support the adaptation to climate change
3) Participate in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the level consistent
to the context of the agricultural sector and enhance a sustainable low-
carbon growth
4) Pushing for the integration of adaptation measures and guidelines to cope
with climate change in all sectors and at all levels

21. Goal
1) All sectors have the higher level of awareness to the impacts
of climate change
2) All sectors obtain information, knowledge and technologies
developed to support climate change adaptation thoroughly
3) The agricultural sector has the contribution to reduce the
greenhouse gas emission appropriately
4) Integration and driving measures and guidelines to adapt to
climate change with support from all sectors
5) Farmers have a better quality of life, agricultural sector
grows in a sustainable pathway and resilient to climate change,
and strengthening national food security
6) The agricultural sector has higher capacity for competition

22. Strategic Issues
Strategic Issue 1 : Collection, development and setting up the
database, knowledge and technology to raise the awareness of
climate change
Strategic Issue 2 : Increasing the ability of farmers, farmer
institution, and related businesses to adapt to climate change.
Strategic Issue 3 : Participation in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and develop a growth model with friendly
environment.
Strategic Issue 4 : Strengthening the capacity of management to
cope with climate change in agriculture.

23. Strategic Issues 1
Strategy 1 : Collect, develop and building the database to cope with
climate change
Strategy 1 : Collect, develop and building the database to cope with
climate change
Strategy 2 : Create and develop technologies to combat climate
change
Strategy 2 : Create and develop technologies to combat climate
change
Strategy 3 : Raise the awareness on climate changeStrategy 3 : Raise the awareness on climate change

24. Strategic Issues 2
Strategy 1 : Water management to reduce the impact of climate
change
Strategy 1 : Water management to reduce the impact of climate
change
Strategy 2 : Soil sustainable managementStrategy 2 : Soil sustainable management
Strategy 3 : Strengthening the climate resilience for adaptationStrategy 3 : Strengthening the climate resilience for adaptation
Strategy 4 : Develop measures to support the adaptation of
farmers and businesses.
Strategy 4 : Develop measures to support the adaptation of
farmers and businesses.

25. Strategic Issues 3
Strategy 1 : Modify agricultural technology that is environmentally
friendly and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions
Strategy 1 : Modify agricultural technology that is environmentally
friendly and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions
Strategy 2 : Marketing for low-carbon productsStrategy 2 : Marketing for low-carbon products

26. Strategic Issues 4
Strategy 1 : Strengthen human resources and developmental
partners
Strategy 1 : Strengthen human resources and developmental
partners
Strategy 2 : Building the collaborative networks / developmental
partners
Strategy 2 : Building the collaborative networks / developmental
partners
Strategy 3 : Restructuring of the public sector to support the drive
of the climate change strategic plan
Strategy 3 : Restructuring of the public sector to support the drive
of the climate change strategic plan

27. 27
(Drafted)
Climate Change Master Plan
2017 – 2021
Strategic Issue 1
Collection, development
& setting up the database,
knowledge & technology
to raise the awareness
of climate change
Strategic Issue 2
Increasing the ability of
farmers, farmer
institution, and related
businesses to adapt to
climate change
Strategic Issue 3
Participation in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions
and develop a growth model
with friendly environment
Strategic Issue 4
Strengthening the
capacity of management
to cope with climate
change in agriculture
- Strengthen human
resources and
developmental
partners
- Building the
collaborative
networks /
developmental
partners
- Restructuring of the
public sector to
support the drive of
the climate change
strategic plan
- Modify agricultural
technology that is
environmentally
friendly and
contributes to the
reduction of
greenhouse gas
emissions
- Marketing for
low-carbon products
- Water management
to reduce the
impact of climate
change
- Soil sustainable
management
- Strengthening the
climate resilience for
adaptation
- Develop measures
to support the
adaptation of
farmers and
businesses
- Collect, develop and
building the
database to cope
with climate change
- Create and develop
technologies to
combat climate
change
- Raise the awareness
on climate change

28. Sustainable Development
Definition
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of
present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
Source : Brundtland Report , 1987
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)
“Our Common Future”
“ Development which concern of
next generation need”
28

29. Dimensions
of Sustainable Development
Profit
(Economic)
Profit
(Economic)
People
(Social)
Planet
(Environment)
Planet
(Environment)
P-Profit
P-People
P-Planet
3E
E-Economy
E-Ecology
E-EquityBalance of 3 dimensions
• Economics Growth
• Happy society &Social equality
• Sustainable Utilization of
Natural resource & Environment
3P 3E

30. Sustainable Agriculture
Balance in 3 components in P-P-P
• Farmers get profit from cropping
• Country receive income
Profit : Economics
• Consumers get safe food with fare price
• Community receive benefit from
development activities
People : Social
• Conservation of Soil, water, forestry
and natural ecology
Planet :
Environment

31. Sustainable Rice Cultivation
UNEP
multi-
stakeholder
• Resource efficiency
• Sustainability on-farm
• Throughout the rice value chain
SRP
Establish
Promote
What
& How
???

32. SRP Sustainable Rice Cultivation
Incentives & Outreach
• 8 Guideline Principles
• 32 Criteria
> 160 recommended
practices
46
Requirements
• Collect benchmark data &
consistent communicate
field – level outcome
• Practical basis for verifying
any claim to sustainability
performance
• Each requirements
contribute one or more in
8 SRP Guiding Principles
• Ensure relevance & practical
application
• Tool to guide choices
• Foundation for
decision-making tools
• Training module
• Outreach materials
SRP Guidelines
Practices, Tools & Impacts
SRP
Performance
Indicator
SRP Standard
12
Comprehensive
frameworks

33. 8 SRP
Principles
&
32 Criteria
1.To improve livelihoods of
current and future
generations of rice growers
and other value chain
actors ( 5 criteria)
2. To meet consumer needs
for food security, food
safety, and quality of rice
and rice products
( 2 Criteria)
3. To manage natural
resources efficiently
throughout the value chain
(5 Criteria)
5. To prevent adverse
impacts on neighbouring
communities and to
contribute to their
development
( 4 Criteria)
4. To protect the natural
environment from
disruptive effects of rice
production and processing
( 6 Criteria)
6. To adapt rice production
systems to a changing
climate and to mitigate
greenhouse gas emissions
throughout the value chain
( 2 Criteria)
7. To respect labor rights
and to promote the well-
being of workers
( 6 Criteria)
8. To conduct business with
integrity and transparent
(2 Criteria)
SRP Guidelines

34. Sustainability Indicators
1. Profitability: Net income from rice
Resource use efficiency:
5. Water productivity
6. Nitrogen and phosphorus
7. Pesticide4. Food safety
2. Labor productivity
3. Productivity: Grain yield
8. Greenhouse gas
mitigation
8. Greenhouse gas
mitigation
Labor conditions:
9. Health and safety
10. Child labor
11. Women’s
empowerment

35. 12
Comprehensive
Frameworks
SRP Performance Indicator
6 guiding principles &12 comprehensive framework
2
Labor productivity
Kg paddy rice/days
6
Nutrient-use
efficiency – N
Kg paddy/kg
elemental N
3
Productivity :
grain yield
Kg paddy/ha
9
Greenhouse gas
emissions
Mg.CO2 eq/ha
7
Nutrient-use
efficiency – P
Kg paddy/kg
elemental P
5
Total water
productivity
kg paddy/L(rainfall +
irrigation)
10
Health and safety
Balance scorecard
12
Women’s
empowerment
Balance scorecard
8
Pesticide-use
efficiency
Balance scorecard
1
Profitable : Net
income from rice
Baht/ha/crop cycle
11
Child labor
Balance scorecard
4
Food safety
Kg safe milled
rice/kg milled
ricex100
Measurement
I. Improved Livelihood II. Consumer needs
III.Resource- use efficiency
IV.Climate change mitigation
V. Labor condition
VI.Social Development

36. SRP Standard - 46 requirements – Weighting scoring
5. Pest management
5 requirements: Scoring 11%
4. Nutrient
Management
4 requirements :
Scoring 11%
7. Health & Safety
9 requirements:
Scoring 14%

37. GAP RICE Standard
7 GAP
Requirements
------------
91 Control
practices
The area must not contaminated by toxic
chemicals in rice.
(15 control practices)
2. Planting area
The water must not contaminated by
toxic chemicals .
(13 control practices)
1. Water source
- Use the guideline is recommended by Rice
Department or Department of Agriculture
- The hazardous substances which specified as
prohibits in the list are not allow.
- In case of export, the substances, which
partner is prohibited, are not allow.
(17 control practices)
3. Hazardous substance
application
4.1 Seed production as in certification
- Common rice group: Others rice variety
cannot mix higher than 3%
- Hommali rice: Others rice variety
cannot mix higher than 2%
(7 control practices)
4.2 Pest prevention and production damage
from pest
- Search for pest damage in rice field
- Efficiently prevent and eradicate rice
pest with proper approach follow
guideline of RD. If there is an using of
hazardous substance, look at #3.
- Yield must be safe from disease and
insect damage more than 10%
(3 control practices)
4. Quality management in
pre-harvest process
5. Harvest and post-harvest
5.1 High quality of grain production
• Harvest in the proper time for high grain quality
as indicated in the Standard of ACFS for each of
rice variety by harvest when
• Rice is 25-35 days after flowering or
• Rice is maturity stage. (5 control practices)
5.2 Harvesting and thresherng
• The tools use for harvesting, packaging, harvest
method must not affect to yield quality and
carefully store
• In case of thresing with any tools, it must be
cleaned and beware mixing of others variety. If
there is previous variety, the tool must be
cleaned. (5 control practices)
5.3 Moisture content and reducing moisture
• If it is not necessary, rice must be reduce
moisture within 24 hours after harvesting.
• Moisture reducing must not brake grain
• Ruduce the moisture for selling is not higher
than 15% and 14% for storage.
(4 control practices)
• Tools, container and transporter must be cleaned, safe from
hazardous substances and no mixing of other variety.
• Storage place must be sanitary, clean and air-flow, and no
mixing of other variety.
• Storage method and yield gathering must not mix other
variety, and prevent from storage pest.
• In case of several rice varieties, there must be separated
storage.
(11 control practices)
6. Transport, storage and gathering
• The record must have the data of seed
source, water source, soil preparation,
eradication of variety mixing, search for and
damage of pest and management
hazardous substances application,
harvesting and threshing, moisture
reducing, packaging and storage, and yield
source.
• The stored and transferred yield must
specify the traceable information of source.
(11 control practices)
7. Data record and collection

38.  Water shortage has a direct effect on rice production = rice use more amount of water
 Necessary to find decreasing water use without any adverse effect on rice yield =
Alternative wetting and drying water management (AWD) in rice field was confirmed by
various research that can decrease water usage by rice cultivation between 10-50%
 This technology was tested on farmer’s fields as pioneer plots = AWD in farmer’s fields
with clay soil decreased a fuel cost around 24 - 34 % and reduced the amount of water
usage approx. 20 %
 Combining this technology with other appropriate management such as seed rate,
fertilizer and pesticide management, the total cost decreased approx. 17 - 24 % while
maintaining the same yield.
 The result indicated that AWD increased rice production efficiency
 The total cost decreased from 6.99 - 8.08 to 5.98 -5.99 B/ kg paddy approx. 14- 26%
 In the study site, farmer’s acceptance analysis showed about 62% of farmers expected
that AWD technique would give a higher yield than their practices
 21% never heard about this technique before and some will adopt AWD technique if they
can control the water management in their fields
Rice Production Technology
related to Water Management

39. Target Areas
1st. crop 2nd. crop 3rd. crop
55.32 mrai 11.81 mrai 1.80 mrai
Change
to other
activities
Increase
productivity
& Quality
0.57 mrai 54.8 mrai 7.32 mrai 4.49 mrai
1.80 mrai
Increase
productivity
& Quality
Change
to other
activities
Change
to other
activities
• Mixed
Farming
0.42 mrai
• Rising
livestock
0.15 mrai
Area 62.12 mrai
Production 27.17 mtons
• Large field approach
• Promote GAP
• Intensive farming
• Cost reduction scheme
• Water management
• Farm machinery
management
• Corn 2 m.rai
• Green manure
crop 0.5 m.rai
• Other crops
0.3 m.rai
• Improve soil
fertility
3.19 m.rai
• Other crops
Planning Stage
Current status of Rice Policy

40. Basis Concepts for 12th National Economic
and Social Development plan in (2017-2021)
Principal of Sufficient
Economics Philosophy
Human Resource
Centric Development
Encourage Community & Social public
participation for Development
40

41. Mobile Farmer

42. Thank you for your attention