Agustina Barros + Sebastian Rossi - Aconcagua National Park, Human Waste Management
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Agustina Barros + Sebastian Rossi Aconcagua National Park, Human Waste Management
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Agustina Barros + Sebastian Rossi - Aconcagua National Park, Human Waste Management
- 1. ACONCAGUA PROVINCIAL PARK HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT Exits Extrategies: Managing Human Waste in the Wild July 30-31, August 1, 2010 Sebastian Rossi Agustina Barros P.Betancourt P.Betancourt
- 3. Aconcagua Provincial Park Aconcagua Provincial Park Campsites Localities Peaks Railway Highway Rivers Natural Protected Area System Mendoza, Argentina MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
- 4. Villalba et al, (2003) Andes Centrales de Chile-Argentina
- 5. Climate •Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C) •Freezing days all year round •Strong winds (200 km/h) •Water •Mountain rivers •Under ground water •Glacier lakes •Wetlands in meadows Climate •Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C) •Freezing days all year round •Strong winds (200 km/h) •Water •Mountain rivers •Under ground water •Glacier lakes •Wetlands in meadows Geology and Soils U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits Mountain glaciers Thin soils, sandy loam Meadows soils: rich in organic matter Geology and Soils U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits Mountain glaciers Thin soils, sandy loam Meadows soils: rich in organic matter MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
- 6. MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction Weather Forecast (July) Base Camp and High Altitude Campsites (2010) Source: weatherforecast.com Horcones Lake Mulas and Canada campsites
- 7. •>30.000 day visitors •8000 mountaineers and trekkers MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction + 250 private and Park personnel =120 days + 7000 mules trampling + 250 private and Park personnel =120 days + 7000 mules trampling
- 9. Human Waste Management Zones 2400-3000m MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction 4500m-6962m 3000-3500m 3500-4500m
- 10. MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction CAMPSITE SEASON # DAYS TOTAL Horcones Day visitors 30000 1 30000 Climbers & Trekkers 7000 1 7000 Park rangers 6 90 540 37540 liters of water 12 liters of sewage discharges 450480 Confluencia Day visitors 0 0 0 Climbers & Trekkers 5550 3 16650 private personnel 10 90 900 Park rangers 3 90 270 17820 liters of waater 12 liters of sewage discharges 213840 Pampa de Leñas Day visitors 0 0 0 Climbers & Trekkers 1028 2 2056 private personnel 5 90 450 Park rangers 2 90 180 2686 liters of waater 12 liters of sewage discharges 32232 P. Mulas & P. Argentina & High Altitude Campsites Day visitors 0 0 0 Climbers & Trekkers 4548 4 18192 private personnel 57 90 5130 Park rangers 9 90 810 24132 liters of waater 0.93 liters of sewage discharges 22500
- 11. Front country toilets •leaching field is in a alpine meadow •water extraction and pollution in a fragile ecosystem – priority conservation area •Visitor Centre •30.000 visitors •700 people day •Toilets, shower and dishwasher MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction MEADOWS (2%) MEADOWS (2%)
- 12. septic tank pit Low altitude toilets toilets, shower and dishwashes exits connected to the septic tank. •chemical products (liquids) affect the pit absorption capacity= new pits constructed • lixiviation to the soil • pollution of under ground water and river MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
- 13. MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction 1 2 3 4 Toilets base camps P.Betancourt
- 14. Toilets high altitude MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction 1 hour= USD 1500 Total= USD 315.540 Human waste= USD 25500 = 10% NO3 (mg/l) December= 6.30 February= 27.70 NO3 (mg/l) = Not detected Campsite Control • percolation of urine and some faecal matter on permafrost soil •relative high cost
- 16. MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction •nutrient enrichment from faecas matter and urine scalds •parasite diseases • weeds invasion
Notas del editor
- 70.000 hecteres in total, declared in 1983, two main valleys Horcones and Vacas, 4500m altitudinal difference. Aconcagua Provincial Park is located in the Central Andes of Argentina, South America. The Park includes the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Mt. Aconcagua 6962 m, which attracts mountaineers and trekkers from all around the globe. It was declared protected area in 1983 and has park ranger’s presence since 1990. With an altitudinal range of more than 4500 m, it covers 70,000 hectares of the High Andes Ecoregion. It is characterized by a cold, dry climate with snow cover for more than 7 months of the year. Above 4100 m temperatures are below 0 °C all year round. There are two main valleys in the Park (Horcones and Vacas) and a total of 12 campsites from 2400 m up to 6300 m. All campsites are only accessed by foot, with transport of equipment and food done mainly by mules. All logistics, waste evacuation and rescue operations are undertaken by helicopter.
- Freezing days all year round above and below 4000m
- 5 main zones, the first 3 ones in the alpine zone. 7 months full snow covered. 2 main valleys Vacas and Horcones. Most visited Horcones. Infraestructure at the entrance and at campsites. More than 10 km between campsite to campsite. Control at the sites not along the trails. Trekkers up to 3500. No infrastructure above 6300. Nival zone start at 4500m.