Interest in technology entrepreneurship aimed at solving the most intractable of global problems in the developing world is at an all-time high. A vast number of education programs, especially in engineering- and design-related degree programs, focus on developing appropriate technology solutions to Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) challenges in sectors such as food, water, energy, health, education and global connectivity. For many years, funding organizations have underwritten such efforts, only to see successful technologies that ultimately failed in the adoption cycle. The global community has largely come to the conclusion that technologies often fail because of they were never turned into sustainable enterprises. The authors have significant experience creating ventures in a developing world context (Africa, Mexico, American Indian, etc.) and in developing for-credit and non-credit technology entrepreneurship curricula for sustainable development. This session will discuss their experiences and offer suggestions for implementing successful ventures and curricula.

1. Building Entrepreneurial Curricula
for Sustainable Development
by Dan O’Neill
NCIIA Conference 2010
Thursday, March 25, 2010
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr 1

2. The Global Brand of Sustainability?
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
2

3. Props to Some Centers of Excellence
Humanitarian Engineering and
Social Entrepreneurship
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 3

4. ASU Integrated Innovation Model
Research & Technology Dev Challenges/Opportunities
Market Pull
Licensing Pathway
Innovation Pipeline
Venture Pathway
Technology Push
Innovation Stack
Education and Mentoring (Capstone Courses)
Industry Collaboration
Technology Roadmapping Venture Acceleration
Intellectual Property Management
© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University

5. © Copyright 2010 Arizona State University 5

6. GlobalResolve:
The ASU Center for Global Innovation
ASU
“In Country”
ASU
Global SkySong
Resolve
University
Accelerator
Other Research Education
Venture Products
20:1 Accelera-
tion
•Conferences •BOP •ENG Cap
•Journals Specific •GIE •Mentors
•Exec Ed •Village •Edson
Energy •CIC Value Net
•Etc. (Ventures)
© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University 6

7. Global Impact Entrepreneurship Course
• 3 Courses, Capstone
• Six Faculty
• 2 Campuses
• 4+ Majors
• Six Teams
• 2 Collaborators
KNUST (Ghana)
TERI (India)
• Next Year
ITESM (Mexico)
Others © Copyright 2010 Arizona State University
7

8. © Copyright 2009 Acara Institute 8

9. When Doing BOP Entrepreneurship
• Consider
– The Differences
– Purpose
– Focus
– Objectives
– Transdisciplinarity
– Global Collaboration
– Methodology & Method
– Curricula Implications
– World View
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
9

10. The Differences
Two Worlds
Sustainability Sustainable Development
North
White
Rich South
Population Slowing Non-white
Hi-Tech Poor
Hi-Potential SU Population Growing
Venture Capital Appropriate Technology
“Green” & QOL SME/SGB
Micro Lending & Impact Investing
Millennium Development Goals
“Top of the Pyramid” “Bottom of the Pyramid”
• 90% of design resources • 2B < $2 / day
• 1B lack water
• 500MM 1-acre farmers
© Copyright 2007-2009, Arizona State University 10

11. Millennium Development Goals
http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/index.htm
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger & Poverty
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 11

12. Social Entrepreneurship
Source: Kramer, Mark (2005) Measuring Innovation: Evaluation in the Field of Social
Entrepreneurship, Prepared for the Skoll Foundation by the Foundation Strategy, April 2005.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
12

13. BOP I+E
A social-justice movement that links the
rich world and the poor, Oxford to a
village in Rwanda, the movement that
links concern for the earth with respectful
solidarity towards its poorest inhabitants,
is our last great hope for a world marked
by less suffering and violence and
premature death. It’s our last great hope
for the generations to come, and for our
own children, privileged though they may
be.
Source: Farmer, Paul (2009) Three Stories, Three Paradigms, and a Critique of Social
Entrepreneurship, Innovations: Special Edition for the Skoll World Forum, 19-28.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 13

14. The Innovator’s Dilemma
Source: Hart, Stuart L., Christensen, Clayton, M. (2002) The Great Leap: Driving Innovation From the Base of the
Pyramid, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 51-56, Fall 2002.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 14

15. Foundational Thinkers/Practitioners
2005 2007 2008
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 15

16. Plethora of Reports, Guides & Other Works
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 16

17. Purpose, Objectives, Focus
• Purpose:
– Research, Education, Service, Innovation, AOTA?
• Objectives
– Aware Students, Innovations, Ventures?
• Focus
– Application, Geography, Collaborators?
• Transdisciplinarity & Global Collaboration
– Which Disciplines, Which Partners?
– ***THE STATE OF THE ART***
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. 17

18. © Copyright 2009 Bradley Rogers 18

19. Curricula Implications
Business Model Entrepreneurship Practice Business Model Entrepreneurship Practice
Topic Topic
Context Sustainability and Sustainable Development Competition and Dimensional “Blue Ocean” Thinking at the BOP
Socio-ecological context Competitive Best Available Charitable Option
Cultural context Advantage
Impact definition, triple bottom line thinking
Holistic value proposition Operations, Global manufacturing vs. appropriate technology
Sustainability indicators Alliances and Detailed discussion of business type
Monitoring and evaluation Management Micro-franchising
First visit preparation Micro-financing plan
Rapid village appraisal and other analysis tools The role of Governments and NGO’s
Strategy Common challenges and mistakes
Financials and Non-profit and hybrid financial statements
Introduction to social business, social
Investment More detailed review of impact investing
entrepreneurship
Packaging Ying-Yang investment deals
Business type overview: profit, non-profit, hybrid
How to pitch to an Impact Investor
Introduction to successful business models
Introduction to Impact Investing
Monitoring and Appropriate M&E
Evaluation Logic model
Research and IP rules in the Sustainable Development context
Development Extreme affordability and other major drivers
Product/service co-evolution
The Design Revolution
IT in the Sustainable Development context
Marketing and Detailed discussion of emerging business models
It’s the same.
Sales Value Network assembly
Local champions
But different.
Micro-franchising
Socio-cultural effective marketing
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 19

20. World View: The Ethno-Metaphysics of
Sustainability Entrepreneurship
• AKA: Embrace your inner philosopher and
anthropologist!!!
2005 2007 2008
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. 20

21. Prahalad’s 12 Keys to BOP Innovation
“…Why can’t we mobilize the investment capacity of large firms with the knowledge
and commitment of NGOs and the communities that need help?...” C.K. Prahald
Source: Prahalad, C.K. (2005). The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits.
Philadelphia: Wharton School Publishing.
1. Price Performance
2. Hybrids
3. Scale of Operations
4. Sustainable Development: Eco-Friendly
5. Identifying Functionality: Different?
6. Process Innovation
7. Deskilling of Work
8. Education of Customers
9. Designing for Hostile Infrastructure
10. Interfaces
11. Distribution: Accessing the Customer
12. Challenge Conventional Wisdom in Delivery
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 21

22. Polak on Value Proposition
• “The experience of IDE and other
organizations, such as KickStart, indicates
that there are many products capable of
earning a net return of 300% per year or
more on the investment made to buy them
by extremely poor customers.”
Source: Polak, Paul (2008) Out of Poverty: What Works When Traditional Approaches
Fail. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
22

23. Yunus
“To make the structure of capitalism
complete, we need to introduce another
kind of business-one that recognizes the
multidimensional nature of human
beings. If we describe our existing
companies as profit-maximizing
businesses (PMBs), the new kind of
business might be called social business.
Entrepreneurs will set up social
businesses not to achieve limited
personal gain but to pursue specific
social goals.”
Source: Yunus, Muhammad (2007) Creating a World Without Poverty: Social Business
and the Future of Capitalism. New York: Public Affairs.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
23

24. Ethno-Metaphysical Positioning
Impact First
Individualist Collectivist
Return First
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance 24

25. Case Study: Light for Africa
SociaLite
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
25

26. The Global Brand of Sustainability?
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
26

27. The Global Brand of Sustainability?
OR?
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
27

28. Thank You!!
Dan O’Neill
Director
Entrepreneurship & Research Initiatives
ASU SkySong
dan.oneill@asu.edu
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr 28