This document provides a syllabus overview for several analog and digital communications courses, mapping topics from referenced textbooks. It outlines the syllabus coverage for Analog Communication Systems, including topics like baseband signals and systems, analog modulation techniques, AM transmission and reception, FM transmission and reception, SSB transmission and reception, and pulse modulation transmissions and reception. It also outlines the syllabus coverage for Digital Communication Systems, including elements of digital communication systems, PCM, line coding techniques, digital carrier modulation and demodulation, and multiple access techniques. Finally, it provides the communications section of the GATE ECE syllabus, covering random signals and noise, analog communication systems, information theory, digital communication systems,

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ECE – Semester 4 (Batch 2011 Onwards)
BTEC-401 ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Syllabus Coverage
(Syllabus Contents vis-a-vis Analog & Digital Communications book)
Syllabus Contents of Analog Communication
Systems (BTEC-401)
Refer:
`Analog & Digital
Communications’
by T. L. Singal,
Tata McGraw-Hill,
First Edition, 2012.
www.mhhe.com/singal/adc1
Unit I - Base Band Signals and Systems: Chapter 1, 3
Introduction, Elements of communication system Chapter 1: Section 1.1, 1.2, 1.4
Noise & its types, Noise Figure & noise factor, Noise
equivalent temperature
Chapter 3: Section 3.1, 3.8, 3.9
Modulation & Demodulation, Need of modulation, Types
of modulation systems, Mixing; Linear & Nonlinear, Basic
transmission signals, Frequency multiplexing technique
Chapter 1: Section 1.8, 1.9.1, 1.3, 1.9.2
Unit II - Analog Modulation Techniques Chapter 4, 5
Introduction, Theory of amplitude modulation, AM power
calculations, AM current calculations, AM modulation with
a complex wave
Chapter 4: Section 4.1-4.5
Theory of frequency modulation, mathematical analysis of
FM, Spectra of FM signals, Narrow band of FM, Wide band
FM, Theory of phase modulation, Phase modulation
obtained from frequency modulation, Comparison of AM &
FM, Comparison of PM & FM
Chapter 5: Section 5.2-5.6, 5.8
Unit III - AM Transmission: Chapter 6
Introduction, Generation of Amplitude: Low level and high
level modulation, Basic principle of AM generation, Square
law modulation, Amplitude modulation in amplifier circuits,
Suppressed carrier AM generation (Balanced Modulator)
ring Modulator, Product Modulator/balanced Modulator
Chapter 6: Section 6.1, 6.4
Unit IV - AM Reception: Chapter 6 & Appendix - A
Receiver Parameters; Selectivity, Sensitivity, Fidelity, Tuned
Ratio Frequency (TRF) Receiver, Super heterodyne
Receiver; Basic elements of AM super-heterodyne
Receiver, RF Amplifier, Neutralization of RF Amplifiers,
Class of operation of RF Amplifiers, High power RF
Amplifiers, Image Frequency Rejection, Cascade RF
Amplifier, methods of increasing Bandwidth, Frequency
Conversion and Mixers; Additive Mixing, Bipolar Transistor
Additive Mixer, self excited Additive Mixers, multiplicative
mixing, Multiplicative Mixer using dual gate MOSFET,
Tracking & Alignment, IF Amplifier, AM detector; square
Chapter 6: Section 6.2; Appendix-A: Table
A.5

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law detector, Envelope or Diode detector, AM detector
with AGC, Distortion in diode detectors, AM detector
Circuit using Transistor, AM receiver using a phase locked
loop (PLL), Double hetero-dyne receiver, AM receiver
characteristics
Unit V - FM Transmission: Chapter 6 & Appendix - A
FM allocation standards, Generation of FM by direct
method: Varactor diode Modulator, Cross by Direct FM
Transmitter, Phase-Locked-Loop Direct FM Transmitter,
Indirect generation of FM; Armstrong method, RC phase
shift method, Frequency stabilized reactance FM
transmitter
Chapter 6: Section 6.8; Appendix A; Table
A.7
Unit VI - FM Reception: Chapter 6
Frequency demodulators, Tuned circuit frequency
discriminators, Slope Detector, Balance Slope Detector,
Foster Seeley discriminator, Ratio Detector, FM detection
using PLL, Zero crossing detector as a Frequency
Demodulator, Quadrature FM demodulator, Pre emphasis
and de emphasis, limiter circuits, FM Capture effect, FM
receiver, FM stereo transmission and reception, Two way
FM Radio Transmitter and Receiver
Chapter 6: Section 6.9-6.11
Unit VII - SSB Transmission: Chapter 4 & 6
Introduction, Single Side band systems, AM-SSB; Full
carrier, Suppressed carrier
Chapter 4: Section 4.8
Reduced carrier, Independent side band Chapter 6: Section 6.5.4, 6.5.5
Vestigial side band Chapter 4: Section 4.9
Comparison of SSB Transmission to conventional AM,
Generation of SSB; Filter method, Phase Shift Method,
Third Method
Chapter 6: Section 6.5
Unit VIII - SSB Reception: Chapter 6
SSB Product Demodulator, Balanced Modulator as SSB
Demodulator, Single side band BFO Receivers, Coherent
Single side band BFO Receivers, Single Side band Envelop
detection receiver, Multi Channel Pilot Carrier SSB Receiver
Chapter 6: Section 6.6
Unit IX - Pulse Modulation Transmissions and
Reception:
Chapter 7 & 8
Introduction, Sampling Theorem, Pulse Amplitude
Modulation (PAM), Natural PAM Frequency Spectra for
PAM , Flat-top PAM, Sample and hold circuits
Chapter 7: Section 7.1-7.2, 7.4
Time division Multiplexing Chapter 8: Section 8.8
PAM Modulator Circuit, Demodulation of PAM Signals,
Pulse Time Modulation (PTM); Pulse Width
Modulation(PWM), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), PPM
Demodulator
Chapter 7: Section 7.4 – 7.6

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PTU Scheme & Syllabus of ECE – 5th Semester (Batch 2011 onwards)
Course Title: DIGIAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Course Code: BTEC-501
Prescribed Syllabus Contents of Digital
Communication System (BTEC-501) – ECE 5th
Semester
Refer:
`Analog & Digital
Communications’
by T. L. Singal,
Tata McGraw-Hill,
First Edition, 2012.
www.mhhe.com/singal/adc1
UNIT I: Elements of Digital Communication
System
Chapter 7, 10 & 11
 Block diagram of Digital Communication
System, Digital representation of Analog
Signals, Advantages and Disadvantages of
Digital Communication system
Chapter 7: Section 7.1
 Bandwidth –S/N trade off, Hartley Shannon
Law
Chapter 10: Section 10.12
 Sampling theorem Chapter 7: Section 7.2.1-7.2.2
 Concept of amount of Information and
entropy
Chapter 10: Section 10.2
 Shannon Fano Source Coding, Huffman source
coding and Lampel-Ziv Source coding
algorithm
Chapter 11: Section 11.1-11.7
UNIT II: Pulse Code Modulation Chapter 7 & 8
 Sampling, Sampling Rate, Aliasing Chapter 7: Section 7.2.3
 Quantization error, Uniform and Non uniform
quantization, Dynamic Range, Coding
efficiency, A law & μ law companding,
Bandwidth of PCM, Block diagram of PCM
system, Delta Modulation, Continuously
variable Slope Delta Modulator (CVSDM) or
Adaptive Delta Modulation, Differential Pulse
Code Modulation
Chapter 7: Section 7.7-7.15
 Intersymbol Interference, Eye Patterns, Signal
power in binary digital signals of
communication system
Chapter 8: Section 8.4.3, 8.4.5

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UNIT III: Line Coding & Multiplexing Techniques Chapter 8 & 12
 Line Coding & its properties, NRZ & RZ types,
signalling format for unipolar, Polar, bipolar
(AMI) & Manchester coding and their power
spectra (No derivation), HDB and B8ZS
signaling, Nyquist’s criterions for pulse shaping
Chapter 8: Section 8.1-8.2, 8.3 (Fig.
8.21-Fig. 8.24 only), 8.4.4
 Fundamentals of time division multiplexing,
Bit versus word interleaving, Statistical TDM,
Codecs & Combo Chips
Chapter 8: Section 8.8-8.10
 Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA Chapter 12: Section 12.10.1-12.10.4
UNIT-IV Digital Carrier Modulation &
Demodulation Techniques
Chapter 8 & 9
 Introduction, Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK),
ASK Spectrum, ASK Modulator, Coherent ASK
Detector, Noncoherent ASK Detector,
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), FSK Bit Rate and
Baud, Bandwidth and Frequency Spectrum of
FSK, FSK Transmitter, Non-coherent FSK
Detector, Coherent FSK Detector, FSK
Detection Using PLL, Binary Phase Shift Keying,
Binary PSK Spectrum, BPSK Transmitter,
Coherent PSK Detection, Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying (QPSK), QPSK Demodulator, Offset
QPSK, π/4 QPSK, Comparison of conventional
QPSK, Offset QPSK and π/4 QPSK, M-Ary BPSK,
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM);
MQAM transmitters and receivers, Band
Width efficiency, Carrier Recovery; Squaring
Loop & Costas Loop, Differential PSK, DBPSK
transmitter and receiver, Constant Envelop
Modulation; Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) &
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK )
Chapter 9: Section 9.1-9.10
 Matched filter receivers, bandwidth
consideration and probability of error ,
calculations for ASK, PSK, FSK schemes
Chapter 8: Section 8.6 (8.6.1-8.6.3);
Chapter 9: Section 9.11

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ECE – Semester 6 (Batch 2011 Onwards)
BTEC-602 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Syllabus Coverage
(Syllabus Contents vis-a-vis Wireless Communications book)
Syllabus Contents of Wireless
Communication System (BTEC-602)
Refer:
`Wireless
Communications’
by T. L. Singal,
Tata McGraw-Hill,
First Edition, 2010.
www.mhhe.com/singal/wc
Introduction: Chapter 1, 9, 10, 14
 A basic cellular system, Performance
criteria, Operation of cellular systems,
Planning a cellular system
Chapter 9: Section 9.1, 9.3-9.5
 Analog & digital cellular systems Chapter 1: Section 1.4
 Examples of Wireless Communication
Systems: Paging Systems, Cordless
Telephone Systems, Cellular Telephone
Systems
Chapter 10: Section 10.1-10.2, 10.5
 Bluetooth and Zig Bee Chapter 14: Section 14.3
Elements of Cellular Radio Systems Design: Chapter 4, 5, 7, 9
 General description of the problem,
Concept of frequency reuse channels, Co-
channel interference reduction factor
Chapter 4: Section 4.1- 4.8
 Desired C/I from a normal case in an
omni directional antenna system
Chapter 5: Section 5.4-5.5
 Cell splitting Chapter 7: Section 7.5
 Consideration of the components of
cellular systems
Chapter 9: Section 9.2
Digital Communication through fading
multipath channels:
Chapter 2, 7
 Fading channel and their characteristics-
Channel modeling, Digital signaling over a
frequency non selective slowly fading
channel, frequency selective slowly
fading channel
Chapter 2: Section 2.5

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 Concept of diversity branches and signal
paths- Combining methods- Selective
diversity combining-pre-detection and
post-detection combining- Switched
combining- maximal ratio combining-
Equal gain combining
Chapter 7: Section 7.8
Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless
Communications:
Chapter 8
 Introduction, Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA), Spread Spectrum
Multiple Access, Space Division Multiple
Access, Packet Radio Protocols - Pure
ALOHA, Slotted ALLOHA
Chapter 8: Section 8.1-8.8
Wireless Systems & Standards: Chapter 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
 AMPS and ETACS, United states digital
cellular (IS-54 & IS 136)
Chapter 10: Section 10.6-10.8
 Global system for Mobile (GSM):
Services, Features, System Architecture,
Channel Types, Frame Structure for GSM,
Speech Processing in GSM
Chapter 11: Section 11.1, 11.3-11.10
 GPRS/EDGE specifications and features,
3G systems: UMTS & CDMA 2000
standards and specifications
Chapter 13: Section 13.2-13.3, 13.5-13.8,
13.10
 CDMA Digital standard (IS 95): Frequency
and Channel specifications, Forward
CDMA Channel, Reverse CDMA Channel
Chapter 12: Section 12.3-12.5
 Wireless Cable Television Chapter 14: Section 14.4.3
Future trends: Chapter 1, 14
 4G mobile techniques Chapter 1: Section 1.6
 LTE Advance systems Chapter 14: Section 14.4.4

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GATE (ECE) Syllabus for Communications Section
Syllabus Coverage
GATE (ECE) Syllabus - Communications Refer:
`Analog & Digital
Communications’
by T. L. Singal,
Tata McGraw-Hill, First
Edition, 2012.
www.mhhe.com/singal/adc1
1. Random signals and noise: Chapter 2 & 3
 probability, random variables,
probability density function,
autocorrelation, power spectral density
Chapter 2: Section 2.1, 2.3 – 2.4, 2.10 – 2.11
Chapter 3: Section 3.1, 3.5 – 3.9
2. Analog communication systems: Chapter 4, 5 & 6
 amplitude and angle modulation and
demodulation systems, spectral analysis
of these operations
Chapter 4: Section 4.1 – 4.11
Chapter 5: Section 5.1 – 5.9
 superheterodyne receivers; elements of
hardware, realizations of analog
communication systems; signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude
modulation (AM) and frequency
modulation (FM) for low noise
conditions
Chapter 6: Section 6.1 – 6.10
3. Fundamentals of information theory and
channel capacity theorem:
Chapter 10
4. Digital communication systems:: Chapter 7
 pulse code modulation (PCM),
differential pulse code modulation
(DPCM)
Chapter 7: Section 7.7 – 7.15
5. digital modulation schemes:: Chapter 9
 amplitude, phase and frequency shift
keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK),
matched filter receivers, bandwidth
consideration and probability of error
calculations for these schemes.
Chapter 9: Section 9.1 – 9.11
6. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM: Chapter 12: Section 12.10

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Pulse Wave Shaping and
Switching
by
T. L. Singal
ISBN: 9789383210176
Publisher: PBS Education
First Edition, 2014.
NOTE: This text-book is designed to fully cover the contents of the
prescribed PTU ECE-4th Semester Course: Pulse Wave Shaping and
Switching (BTEC-405) for batch 2011 onwards syllabus scheme.