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Genocide
- 1. Khmer Rouge Genocide ‘to spare you is no profit, to destroy you is no lost’
- 2. Returning to Year Zero Simulation Activity ❖ Let’s go back to April 1975 ❖ Cards are given out to each student ❖ Farmers group yourself together, City people group yourselves together ❖ Share your identity with your group by reading your identity out loud ❖ Both group combines and tell your friends who you are, taking turn
- 3. Collectivization ❖ Collectivization-a government policy where the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms. (1929-1933)
- 4. New Person or Old Person ❖ Why do you think it happened? ❖ Whatare the differences between Old People and New People? ❖ What do you think about the collectivization process?
- 5. What is Genocide? ❖ According to thinkquest.org: genocide is the ‘Deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group.’ ❖ The United Nations will call an event ‘Genocide’ only when: ❖ There is a mental element present, which means there is an intent to target a specific group of people and, ❖ A physical element of harming and killing members of the targeted group ❖ Both must be present for the acts to be called genocide
- 6. Genocide Begins ❖ Started a campaign to rebuild Cambodia ❖ Inspired by Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution ❖ Renamed Cambodia as ‘the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea
- 7. ❖ Declared ‘This is Year Year Zero Zero’ ❖ Societywas to be ‘purified’ ❖ Extinguished western culture, city life, religion, foreign influence ❖ Peasant communism
- 8. The Banned ❖ Expelled foreigners closed embassies ❖ Refused foreign aid (health care, economic) ❖ Shut down media ❖ No radios, bicycles, mail, telephone ❖ Money was forbidden ❖ Business, religion, education, health care
- 9. ❖ forcibly evacuated City Evacuation city people ❖2 million inhabitants were forced to walk to the countryside ❖ more than 20,000 died along the way; children, old, sick people
- 10. Lives of the Living People ❖ forced into slave labors ❖ died from overwork, malnutrition, disease ❖ one tin of rice per person every two days ❖ work from 4 am to 10 pm (18 hours a day) ❖2 rest periods allowed ❖ forbidden to eat fruits/ rice they were harvesting
- 11. Removal of Old Society ❖ Attempt to remove ‘old society’ of the educated, the wealthy, buddhist monks, police, doctors, lawyers, teachers, former government officials and extended families ❖ Anyone suspected of disloyalty to Pol Pot ❖ Anyone wearing glasses, laugh, cry, know how to speak another language ❖ Slogan: ‘What is rotten must be removed’
- 12. Ending of the Genocide ❖ On December 25, 1978 Vietnam invaded Cambodia ❖ January 7, 1979 Pol Pot fell and fled to Thai border
- 13. Genocide’s Legacy ❖ Pol Pot was arrested in 1997 and died while under house arrested in 1998 ❖ Otherleaders were awaiting for tribunal on Crime against humanity ❖ 20,000 mass graves ❖ Bodies were removed and displayed in museums
- 14. S-21 (Tuol Sleng) ❖ a school building being turned to a brutal prison ❖ kept secret for people accused of betrayal along with family members ❖ being tortured until confessed ❖ picture were taken upon arrival ❖ Out of 14,000 people, only 7 survived
- 15. Vann Nath ❖ An artist, one of the seven survivors of S-21 ❖ spared by jailers for painting and sculpting skills ❖ Painted and sculpted portraits of Pol Pot
- 17. Dith Pran ❖ Journalist ❖ suffered 4 years of abusive treatment during Khmer Rouge ❖ Escaped and lived in the US ❖ “the Killing Fields” in 1984
- 18. Dith Pran ❖ Journalist ❖ suffered 4 years of abusive treatment during Khmer Rouge ❖ Escaped and lived in the US ❖ “the Killing Fields” in 1984
- 19. Dith Pran ❖ Journalist ❖ suffered 4 years of abusive treatment during Khmer Rouge ❖ Escaped and lived in the US ❖ “the Killing Fields” in 1984
- 20. Dith Pran ❖ Journalist ❖ suffered 4 years of abusive treatment during Khmer Rouge ❖ Escaped and lived in the US ❖ “the Killing Fields” in 1984
- 21. Dith Pran ❖ Journalist ❖ suffered 4 years of abusive treatment during Khmer Rouge ❖ Escaped and lived in the US ❖ “the Killing Fields” in 1984
- 22. Questions 1. What was the Khmer Rouge’s vision for Cambodia? 2. Why did the Khmer Rouge kill educated people? 3. What did Dith Pran do in order to survive during the reign of the Khmer Rouge? 4. How was Dith Pran’s life changed by the genocide? 5. What was Pran’s attitude toward his profession? 6. Why were all journalists deported from Cambodia during the reign of the Khmer Rouge? 7. What did Pran dedicate his life working towards after moving to the US? 8. What was Dith Pran’s last message?
- 23. Dith Pran’s Last Word http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y541yRMDaiE
- 24. References ❖ For further readings ❖ http://pythiapress.com/wartales/vann-nath.html ❖ http://vannnath.com/bio/ ❖ http://www.killingfieldsmuseum.com/ ❖ http://hmd.org.uk/genocides/cambodia/survival
Notas del editor
- Today we are going to look closely at the Dark Period of Cambodia’s History: the Genocide. \nThe larger picture shows the brutality of the Khmer Rouge when they were trying to take a baby away from its mother in the notorious Tuol Sleng prison. This phrase ‘to spare you is no profit, to destroy you is no lost’ is slogan of the khmer rouge. What do you think of this phrase? How does it make you feel?\n
- Before beginning the class I would like all of you to get up and do some activity with me. \n
- Anyone who lived in the city and didn’t know how to farm will be considered a ‘New Person’ People who already lived in the countryside and know how to farm will be considered ‘old person’\nOld people are considered better and more worthy than the New People. Old people do not like living with New People because New people are clumsy with the farm chores, make many mistakes, and work very slowly because they have no idea how to farm a rice paddy or how to take care of livestock. \n\ncollectivization is a policy adopted by the Soviet government, used most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks (prosperous peasants). Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms. \n\n\n\n
- How do you feel being ‘Old Person’? \nHow do you feel being ‘New Person’? \nWhich one would you prefer? \n
- According to thinkquest.org, genocide is the ‘deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group’. the United nations will call an event ‘Genocide’ only when: \n
- After taking power from the Lon Nol government in 1975, Pol Pot started a campaign to rebuild Cambodia similar to Communist China. He was inspired in part by Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution which he had witnessed first-hand during a visit to Communist China. He renamed Cambodia the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea\n\n
- Pol Pot began by declaring, "This is Year Zero," and that society was about to be "purified." Capitalism, Western culture, city life, religion, and all foreign influences were to be extinguished in favor of an extreme form of peasant Communism.\n\n
- All foreigners were thus expelled, embassies closed, and any foreign economic or medical assistance was refused. The use of foreign languages was banned. Newspapers and television stations were shut down, radios and bicycles confiscated, and mail and telephone usage curtailed. Money was forbidden. All businesses were shuttered, religion banned, education halted, health care eliminated, and parental authority revoked. Thus Cambodia was sealed off from the outside world.\n
- All of Cambodia's cities were then forcibly evacuated. At Phnom Penh, two million inhabitants were evacuated on foot into the countryside at gunpoint. As many as 20,000 died along the way.\n
- Millions of Cambodians accustomed to city life were now forced into slave labor in Pol Pot's "killing fields" where they soon began dying from overwork, malnutrition and disease, on a diet of one tin of rice (180 grams) per person every two days.\nWorkdays in the fields began around 4 a.m. and lasted until 10 p.m., with only two rest periods allowed during the 18 hour day, all under the armed supervision of young Khmer Rouge soldiers eager to kill anyone for the slightest wrong doing. Starving people were forbidden to eat the fruits and rice they were harvesting. After the rice crop was harvested, Khmer Rouge trucks would arrive and confiscate the entire crop.\n\n
- Throughout Cambodia, deadly purges were conducted to eliminate remnants of the "old society" - the educated, the wealthy, Buddhist monks, police, doctors, lawyers, teachers, and former government officials. Ex-soldiers were killed along with their wives and children. \nAnyone suspected of disloyalty to Pol Pot, including eventually many Khmer Rouge leaders, was shot or bludgeoned with an ax. "What is rotten must be removed," a Khmer Rouge slogan proclaimed.\nAll professionals were targeted and killed, including doctors, lawyers, teachers and engineers. Their extended families were also killed. All of the leading Buddhist monks were killed; and religion was banned. Citizen were shot and killed for many things. Target groups were people who wear glasses, who laugh or cry, and people who know to speak another language. \n
- On December 25, 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Cambodia seeking to end Khmer Rouge border attacks. On January 7, 1979, Phnom Penh fell and Pol Pot was deposed. The Vietnamese then installed a puppet government consisting of Khmer Rouge defectors.\n
- Mass graves are still being found in Cambodia. Estimates say that at least 20,000 mass graves are in the country. \nBodies are removed and put on display as a tribute and memorial to the genocide. \nThis is one of the few thing that attracts tourists to Cambodia now.\n
- Toul Sleng was a particularly brutal prison that was kept secret and formed in an old school. \nPeople accused of treason/betrayal were taken to this prison, along with their family members.Anyone who was arrested and sent to S-21 (Tuol Sleng) was presumed dead already. \nThey were tortured until they confessed to the crime they were being charged with, at which time they were executed.\nTheir picture were taken upon arrival, and kept in storage. \n
- Vann Nath is one of seven survivors -- and three still alive today -- He is one of Cambodia's most prominent artists, and it was this skill that kept him alive at S-21. His life was spared by his jailers so that he could be put to work painting and sculpting portraits of Pol Pot.\nIn 1979, Vann Nath escaped from S-21 as the Pol Pot regime collapsed under a Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. When the former secret prison was converted to a genocide museum, Vann Nath returned to work there for several years. He started to paint what he observed in S-21 and show the world some of the brutal crimes of the Khmer Rouge. His paintings depicting scenes he witnessed in S-21 hang in the museum today, one of the few public reminders of the regime's brutality.\n
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- Dith Pran was a Cambodian journalist who suffered four years of abusive treatment after the Communist Khmer Rouge forces took over his country in 1975. Pran eventually escaped and dedicated the rest of his life for justice in Cambodia. His story was portrayed in the 1984 movie The Killing Fields.\n\n\n
- Dith Pran was a Cambodian journalist who suffered four years of abusive treatment after the Communist Khmer Rouge forces took over his country in 1975. Pran eventually escaped and dedicated the rest of his life for justice in Cambodia. His story was portrayed in the 1984 movie The Killing Fields.\n\n\n
- Dith Pran was a Cambodian journalist who suffered four years of abusive treatment after the Communist Khmer Rouge forces took over his country in 1975. Pran eventually escaped and dedicated the rest of his life for justice in Cambodia. His story was portrayed in the 1984 movie The Killing Fields.\n\n\n
- Dith Pran was a Cambodian journalist who suffered four years of abusive treatment after the Communist Khmer Rouge forces took over his country in 1975. Pran eventually escaped and dedicated the rest of his life for justice in Cambodia. His story was portrayed in the 1984 movie The Killing Fields.\n\n\n
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