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The Computer Scientist and the Cleaner v5
1. The Computer
Scientist and the
Cleaner
Ian Gent
University of St Andrews
This is a DRAFT talk, version 5
For more context please visit:
http://iangent.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/the-computer-scientist-and-cleaner.html
Saturday, 12 October 13
8. What is this talk, really?
A short talk about gender balance and equality in
computer science.
Saturday, 12 October 13
9. What is this talk, really?
Not an examinable part of CS1002 in a formal sense,
but something I think you should be exposed to
Saturday, 12 October 13
10. The Computer Scientist
and the Cleaner
• Let me tell you a story.
“The computer scientist and the cleaner had
a long and happy marriage. One of their few
arguments was when she forgot their
wedding anniversary. But their marriage was
strong and he forgave her.”
Saturday, 12 October 13
11. The Computer Scientist
and the Cleaner
“One of their few arguments was when she
forgot their wedding anniversary.”
• Let me ask you a question.
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
Who forgot the anniversary?
Was it the computer scientist or the
cleaner?
12. The Computer Scientist
and the Cleaner
“One of their few arguments was when she
forgot their wedding anniversary.”
• Let me ask Google a question.
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
Who forgot the anniversary?
Was it the computer scientist or the
cleaner?
15. Who forgot the
anniversary?
“The computer scientist and the cleaner had
a long and happy marriage. One of their few
arguments was when she forgot their
wedding anniversary. But their marriage was
strong and he forgave her.”
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
Look inside your brain
Did you think the woman was the
cleaner?
16. A short history of
sexism in St Andrews
•
•
The University is 600 years old, yet ...
Its first female professor was a computer
scientist!
•
•
Prof Ursula Martin CBE, now at QMUL
•
For 579 years we didn’t have a female
Prof
Yes, a 600 year old University’s first
female professor hasn’t retired yet!
•
Until 2004, the Rules of Golf for women
were made by a male only club in St
Andrews
•
For 595 years we didn’t have a female
Principal
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
Prof Louise Richardson
22. Let’s be clear...
• The University of St Andrews does not have
sexist hiring policies
• We have clear non-sexist hiring policies
•
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/hr/edi/inclusiverec/
• The gender balance in St Andrews CS
• reflects general imbalance in the discipline
• and it’s a big problem
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24. Why the most important
problem?
Why should we have more women in CS?
I only know of two good reasons, but they
are overpoweringly good.
•
•
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It’s right
Computer Science would be better
25. It’s Right
•
•
If a woman doesn’t want to do CS, that’s fine
But ...
•
•
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
CS is an incredibly rewarding discipline
That is NOT fine
If a woman is put off CS they are potentially
missing out
Everybody in CS is responsible for making
sure this doesn’t happen
26. Computer Science
Would Be Better
•
“Computing's too important to be left to
men”
Karen Spärck Jones, 1935-2007
•
•
Karen did a bit more than a cute quote
She invented a key technique for internet
search ...
•
•
... 30 years before the World Wide Web
Don’t throw away half the world’s talents!
Saturday, 12 October 13
Karen Spärck Jones, image Wikipedia
27. In addition to determining whether faculty expressed a bias
against female students, we also sought to identify the processes
contributing to this bias. To do so, we investigated whether
faculty members’ perceptions of student competence would help
to explain why they would be less likely to hire a female (relative
to an identical male) student for a laboratory manager position.
Additionally, we examined the role of faculty members’ preexisting subtle bias against women. We reasoned that pervasive
cultural messages regarding women’s lack of competence in science could lead faculty members to hold gender-biased attitudes
that might subtly affect their support for female (but not male)
science students. These generalized, subtly biased attitudes toward women could impel faculty to judge equivalent students
differently as a function of their gender.
The present study sought to test for differences in faculty
perceptions and treatment of equally qualified men and women
pursuing careers in science and, if such a bias were discovered,
reveal its mechanisms and consequences within academic science. We focused on hiring for a laboratory manager position as
the primary dependent variable of interest because it functions as
a professional launching pad for subsequent opportunities. As
secondary measures, which are related to hiring, we assessed: (i)
perceived student competence; (ii) salary offers, which reflect
the extent to which a student is valued for these competitive
positions; and (iii) the extent to which the student was viewed as
deserving of faculty mentoring.
Our hypotheses were that: Science faculty’s perceptions and
treatment of students would reveal a gender bias favoring male
students in perceptions of competence and hireability, salary
conferral, and willingness to mentor (hypothesis A); Faculty gender would not influence this gender bias (hypothesis B); Hiring
These results support hypothesis A.
In support of hypothesis B, faculty gender did not affect bias
(Table 1). Tests of simple effects (all d < 0.33) indicated that
female faculty participants did not rate the female student as
more competent [t(62) = 0.06, P = 0.95] or hireable [t(62) = 0.41,
P = 0.69] than did male faculty. Female faculty also did not
offer more mentoring [t(62) = 0.29, P = 0.77] or a higher salary
[t(61) = 1.14, P = 0.26] to the female student than did their male
But is it a problem now?
•
•
•
•
In the past this was a problem
And it still is
An almost random example
Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor
male students
•
Proceedings National Academy of
Science, USA, 2012
•
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
2012/09/14/1211286109
|
2 of 6
•
•
www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1211286109
The change from the past is that gender
biases are now subtle
Saturday, 12 October 13
Fig. 1. Competence, hireability, and mentoring by student gender condition
(collapsed across faculty gender). All student gender differences are significant
(P < 0.001). Scales range from 1 to 7, with higher numbers reflecting a greater
extent of each variable. Error bars represent SEs. nmale student condition = 63,
nfemale student condition = 64.
Male students were
ranked higher in
everything
Moss-Racusin et al.
•
The only difference
between the male and
female students was the
names on CVs
28. The lowest difficulty
setting there is
•
•
•
It’s really hard for straight white men to
understand the problem
•
sadly it’s really easy for women to
John Scalzi came up with a brilliant analogy
Being a straight white male is the lowest
difficulty setting there is in the game of life
“You can lose playing on the lowest difficulty
setting. The lowest difficulty setting is still the
easiest setting to win on. The player who
plays on the “Gay Minority Female” setting?
Hardcore.”
John Scalzi, http://whatever.scalzi.com/2012/05/15/straight-whitemale-the-lowest-difficulty-setting-there-is/
Saturday, 12 October 13
29. The Petrie Multiplier
• A thought experiment
• Let’s assume no gender difference in sexism
• 20:20
• Say 20% of people act like jerks to the
opposite sex
• And 20% of CS people are women
• We will see amazing difference in result
Saturday, 12 October 13
30. The Petrie Multiplier
• Invented by Karen Petrie
• though named by me!
• Senior Lecturer in CS at Dundee
• Former Chair of BCS Women
• And CS graduate of St Andrews
Saturday, 12 October 13
34. Let’s start with
32 men.
In pink of course
The boy’s colour
Saturday, 12 October 13
35. “The generally accepted rule is pink for
the boys, and blue for the girls.The
reason is that pink, being a more
decided and stronger color, is more
suitable for the boy, while blue, which is
more delicate and dainty, is prettier for
the girl.”
-- Earnshaw's Infants' Department
1918
Saturday, 12 October 13
36. “The generally accepted rule is pink for
the boys, and blue for the girls.”
Something to remember next time
you catch yourself thinking some
gender difference is inherent
Saturday, 12 October 13
119. • 0.35 bad experiences per man
• 5.6 bad experiences per woman
• 16x as many
• Ratio of bad experiences is square of gender
ratio
• 80% men : 20% women = 4 : 1
Saturday, 12 October 13
120. Petrie Multiplier:
Lessons
•
With women underrepresented
•
Women experience amazing disparity of sexism
•
•
•
With no assumption that men are worse
•
are not attacks on men
Saturday, 12 October 13
So attacks on sexism in CS...
... and statements that women get it worse than
men
121. What can we do?
• We can’t change today the gender
imbalance
• We can make CS a much nicer place for
women to be
• We can do three simple things...
Saturday, 12 October 13
122. Three Simple Things
1. Don’t be a jerk to women in CS
2. Don’t use sexist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
123. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to disabled in CS
2. Don’t use ableist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
124. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to non-whites in CS
2. Don’t use racist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
125. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to people from deprived
backgrounds in CS
2. Don’t use classist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
126. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to mentally ill people in
CS
2. Don’t use mentalist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
127. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to transgendered people
in CS
2. Don’t use cissexist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
128. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to older people in CS
2. Don’t use ageist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
129. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to gay people in CS
2. Don’t use homophobic language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
130. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to religious people in CS
2. Don’t use religionist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
131. Not just women
1. Don’t be a jerk to irreligious people in
CS
2. Don’t use religionist language
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides
if you are doing 1 or 2.
Saturday, 12 October 13
132. None of the above?
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
Even if it was ok to be a jerk to a ...
•
Straight white privileged non-disabled non-mentally-ill
cisgendered male of about your age and your religion
•
(it’s not ok to be a jerk to him)
How do you know he’s all those things?
•
•
e.g. I’m obviously older than you...
is it so obvious I’m on antidepressants?
•
http://www.depressedacademics.blogspot.com
133. Back to Women
• Going to return to focus on women
• Not because other groups are not
important
• Just to make it easier to talk specifically
Saturday, 12 October 13
135. 1. Don’t be a jerk
•
•
This is really simple to understand
Unfortunately being a jerk to women in CS is
really widespread
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
I’m not going to provide examples
it would take too long
•
seriously, it’s almost unimaginable how long it
would take
136. 2. Don’t use sexist
language
•
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
I mean this in two ways
Don’t use language that implies CS people are men
•
leads to the Computer Scientist and the
Cleaner
•
•
leads to females feeling excluded
and subtle biases as in the PNAS paper
Don’t engage in sexist “banter”
137. 3.You don’t get to
decide...
3. Understand that it’s not you who decides if you are doing 1 or 2.
•
•
This is really hard to understand
•
•
Tough! Guess what, they were offended!
Maybe you think somebody shouldn’t be offended when they tell
you they are
You only have two options
•
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
“I’m sorry, but I deeply believe that X is true so I stand by
what I said”
“I’m sorry, I’ll try harder not to say things like that in future”
Never say “Hey, it’s only banter”
138. It’s not “banter”
•
"Banter" is apparently a free pass: I can insult you, but you're not
allowed to be insulted, because "it's only banter". I can be
obscene, but you can't be offended, because "it's only banter".
No. If you're a grown-up, you know that your offensiveness may
offend, and you either accept that or you apologise and don't do
it again. Saying "it's only banter" makes you not only an idiot, but
an idiot who can't take responsibility for his own jokes.
Tom Chivers,
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/tomchiversscience/100141906/
if-you-like-banter-you-are-an-idiot/
Saturday, 12 October 13
139. The Hofstadter Analogy
•
If you’re not sure if language is sexist...
•
•
If the result is obviously racist
•
•
•
... the original was probably sexist ...
unless there’s some very good reason the analogy doesn’t work
E.g. A male only club made the rules of golf, including for women
•
•
... swap men and women for black and white
Would it have been ok that a white only club made the rules of
golf, including the rules for black people?
I learnt this from:
•
“A person paper on the purity of language”, Doug Hofstadter
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs655/readings/purity.html
140. Allies
• We need male computer scientists to be
“Allies”
• Men who think it’s important that both
women and men are treated right in
Computer Science
• http://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/Allies
Saturday, 12 October 13
141. Links and Resources
•
•
Saturday, 12 October 13
School of Computer Science, Women in Computing Group
•
self-organised, unofficial
University Policies and Links
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advice and Support Centre
University Harrassment and Bullying Policy
Student Non-academic Misconduct Policy
Disability Equality Scheme
Policy on Trans Students & Staff
How to Lodge a Complaint
142. Do not get me wrong...
Whether you are disadvantaged or privileged or both...
I want you to have a fabulous time at St Andrews
I want you to get a first
I want you to have an amazing career in or out of computing
I want the same for every member of groups at a disadvantage
And I want us all to work towards them not being at a disadvantage
Saturday, 12 October 13