1. HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY SOLAR –WIND
Vaibhav R. Badukale, Akhil Wankhede, Uday Wankar,Yaduvendra kumar,Mishra,Akash Dahake
Electrial Engg. Department,GCOCE Chandrapur RTMNU Nagpur
Bypass Ballarsha Road, Chandrapur
badukale.vaibhav25@gmail.com
udaywankar@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and non-
polluting. The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called wind-
solar hybrid power generation system significantly
alternated fossil fuel with big ecological problems.
1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewable energy is energy which comes
from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat, which are
renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of
global final energy consumption comes from
renewable, with 10% coming from traditional
biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4%
from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro,
modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and bio
fuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing
very rapidly. The share of renewable in electricity
generation is around 19%, with 16% of global
electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from
new renewable.
The global search and the rise in the cost of
conventional fossil fuel is making supply-demand of
electricity product almost impossible especially in

2. some remote areas. Generators which are often used
as an alternative to conventional power supply
systems are known to be run only during certain
hours of the day, and the cost of fueling them is
increasingly becoming difficult if they are to be used
for commercial purposes. There is a growing
awareness that renewable energy such as
photovoltaic system and Wind power have an
important role to play in order to save the situation.
1.1 Solar Energy
In India the annual global solar radiation is
about 5 KWh/ sq m per day with about 2300-3200
sun-shine hours per year. Solar radiations represent
the earth’s most abundant energy source. The
perennial source of solar energy provides unlimited
supply, has no negative impact on the environment.
The solar photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar
radiation from the sun into electrical energy in the
form of direct current (DC). Converting solar energy
into electricity is the answer to the mounting power
problems in the rural areas. Its suitability for
decentralized applications and its environment-
friendly nature make it an attractive option to
supplement the energy supply from other sources. 1
KWp of SPV generates 3.5-4.5 units (KWhr) per day.
If we could install Solar Photovoltaic Cells much of
the rural exchange power needs could be met,
adequately cutting down harmful greenhouse gases.
Figure 2.1shows electric power generation using
solar energy
Figure 1.1 Electric Power Generation Using
Solar Energy
1.2 Wind Energy
Wind energy is another viable option. The
Wind Turbine Generator is designed for optimal
operation at wind speed of 10-14 m/s. The Turbine
Generator starts at a cut-in speed of 3-3.5 m/s and
generates power at speeds 4.5 m/s and above. In India
the best wind speed is available during monsoon
from May to September and low wind speed during
November to March. The annual national average
wind speed considered is 5-6 m/s. Wherever average
wind speed of 4.5 m/s. and above is available it is
also an attractive option to supplement the energy
supply. Wind generators can even be installed on
telecom tower at a height of 15-20 mt. with suitable
modification in tower design, taking into account
tower strength . 1 KW WTG generates around 3 units
(KWhr) per day. Figure 2.2shows electric power
generation from wind energy.

3. 3
Figure 1.2 Shows Electric Power Generation
From Wind Energy.
1.3 Appropriate Geographical Region:
1.3.1 Solar:
In India the annual average solar radiation of
5 KW h/sq m per day with about 2300-3200 sunshine
hours per year is available in most parts of the
country except some pockets in north-east. As such
solar power (SPV) decentralized system can be
considered for the telecommunication network in
rural areas in most parts of the country.
1.3.2 Wind:
The southern and western coastal areas are
the ideal location for wind generators. For the
telecommunication network in rural areas in states
like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra
and parts of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh where the annual average wind speed of 5-6
m/s is available, installation of hybrid solar-wind
power system can be an attractive option to
supplement the energy supply.
2. HYBRID
The 'hybrid' part of the name refers to the
fact that these power systems usually involve another
form of energy production, such as use of solar
panels or wind turbines. These power generators
work in unison within the system to maximize fuel
economy. To accommodate multiple sources of
power, these systems involve a computerized
controller, which controls operation, usage, and
energy production.
2.1 Need Of Hybridization
As the non renewable sources of energy are
going to exhaust in the nearby future so there is a
necessity to preserve the sources of energy and
should invent the alternative to save this energy. As
this non renewable form of energy is energy is sun
energy so we should use solar energy. This method
of sourcing can be very well adapted in villages
where till now in some areas electricity is not
available. So the solar energy and wind energy there
can be used for various household purposes, street
lightning. This saves non renewable like coal. So in
this way, the hybridization purpose is very well
achieved and proves efficient. So the hybridization
technique is a need for now days as well as for the
upcoming days.
2.2 Different Hybrid Power Technologies
1. Solar-wind hybrid.
2. Solar-diesel hybrid.
3. Wind-hydro hybrid.
4. Wind-diesel hybrid.

4. 2.2.1 Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System
Hybrid Wind-Solar System for the rural
exchanges can make an ideal alternative in areas
where wind velocity of 5-6 m/s is available. Solar-
wind power generations are clear and non-polluting.
Also they complement each other. During the period
of bright sunlight the solar energy is utilized for
charging the batteries, creating enough energy
reserve to be drawn during night, while the wind
turbine produce most of the energy during monsoon
when solar power generation is minimum. Thus the
hybrid combination uses the best of both means and
can provide quality, stable power supply for
sustainable development in rural areas. These
systems are specifically designed to draw 48 volts
DC power output from the solar cells/ wind turbines
and combine them to charge the storage batteries.
The system does require availability of diesel
generator, though for much reduced number of hour’s
operation. It is also designed to give priority to solar
and wind power so that operations of generators can
be minimized to the extent possible.
3. HYBRID GENERATOR
Hybrid Generators generally have reduced
fuel consumption, reduced maintenance, and provide
highly reliable electric power, as compared with non-
hybrid generators. This is due to a difference in the
way which it is operated, when compared to
traditional generators. Most engine driven electric
generators run continuously and at a high /fixed RPM
this results in significant quantities of fuel being
consumed even if the loads are low.
A hybrid generator automatically shuts the
engine off when demand is low. When power from
the engine is needed, it starts automatically and runs
at the minimum RPM to provide maximum fuel
economy. Running the engine slower, and shutting
the engine off when loads are low, results in dramatic
fuel savings, lower maintenance and increased engine
life.
3.1 Components of the hybrid generator:-
1. Solar panel
2. Controller
3. D.C. generator
4. Batteries
5. DC to AC converters
3.2 Working
The solar panel and wind turbine produces
DC power to charge the batteries and run the
inverters when needed .The inverter converts the
stored DC power to unstable AC electrical energy .
Having battery storage also helps the generator to
absorb load spikes. The controller monitors the
system starting and stopping engine as need. Because
hybrid generators already have an inverter and
battery storage, energy from wind or solar power can
be connected directly to the generator for increased
efficiency.
Solar power is the most abundant alternative
energy source available. Wind power and hydro
power are the next most abundant alternative energy
sources. One disadvantage of solar power systems is
they require the sun to generate alternative energy.
No sun means no energy. Solar power systems are
most efficient when sunlight is focused for maximum
exposure. Efficiency also increases in regions where
sunlight is readily available. The second most readily
available source of alternative energy, wind power,
suffers similar disadvantages. No wind means no

5. 5
energy. Wind power generators require wind speeds
as low as 3 miles per hour to operate. Wind power
efficiency increases with the speed and duration of
the wind.
Hybrid generator systems can be constructed
either as grid-assisted or grid-inter-tied and off-grid.
Grid assisted systems will use both electrical grid and
alternative energy sources. The electrical energy
provided from these multiple sources will then be
stored in battery systems. There is an advantage to
grid-assisted alternative energy sources, when the
wind does not blow, or the sun does not shine, the
electrical system will still be storing power in the
battery system. In these systems, hybrid generators
operate as a method to reduce utility costs. Off-grid
systems on the other hand are designed to provide
alternative energy sources that are completely
separate from grid power. Hybrid generators in this
case are the sole method of electrical input to the
battery storage system.
The typical layout of the power plant is as shown in
below
Figure 3.1. Layout of the Power Plant .
4. CHOICE OF COMPONENT
4.1 Choice of components for 1000 Watt
Load:
The choice of 1000W is a sample case and
this can be extended to any required capacity. To
achieve a solar power capacity of 1000watts the
capacities of Solar panel, Charging Controller, bank
of battery and Inverter are determined. The values
cannot be picked abstractly and hence, their ratings
and specification have to be determined through
calculations in other for the system to perform to
required specifications. For this design 12 hours was
assumed for the duration of the operation and the
calculations is done as indicated below:
4.1.1 Solar Panel:
Total load = 1000W
Period of operation or duration = 12 Hours
Then, Total Watt-Hour = 1000×12= 12000w-hr
The period of the solar panel exposed to the sun = 8
Hours (Averagely between 9am and 3pm) Therefore
solar panel wattage = 1200 -ℎr/8ℎr=1,500 .
Hence solar panel of 1,500W will be needed for this
design.
If solar panel of 150W is to be use the number of
panels to arrange in parallel to achieve 1,5000 Watt
will be:
No of panel =1500 /150 =10
This shows 10 of 150 Watt solar panel will be
required for this design

6. Figure 4.1.1 Solar panel
4.1.2 Charging Controllers:
For this design of 1000W solar power supply P=IV
Where
I is the expected charging current and
V is the voltage of the battery and = 12 V
P is the power supply rating= 1000W
Hence I = =100012=83 .
Since the value 83.3 A Charging controllers is not
readily available in the market then 1000A charging
controller will be used.
Figure 4.1.2 Charge Controller
4.1.3 Battery capacity:
Given that the total load P= 1000W and
Operational period = 12 Hours
Watt/hour capacity = 12,000 W-hr
To make the chosen battery to last long it is assumed
that only a quarter (¼) of the battery capacity will be
made used of so that it will not be over discharged
therefore hence the required batter capacity will be
12, 000 × 4 = 48,000 W/h
Now the choice of battery hour depends on A-H
rating of the storage battery. For example, for
200AH, 12V battery the number of batteries that will
be needed is 48000200=240 batteries. Also for a
1500AH, 12V batteries the number of batteries that
will be needed is 480001500 = 32 batteries. Hence,
for this design and to avoid too much weight and
occupying unnecessary space, 15000AH 12V battery
should be used, Therefore the total number of storage
battery required for 1000W solar power supply
system = 32
Figure 4.1.3 Solar Battery
4.1.4 Inverter
Since the total load is 1000W it is advisable
to size the required inverter to be 1500W as designed
for solar panel ratings. Hence 1500W pure sign wave
inverter is recommended in other to prolong the
lifespan of the inverter.
.

7. 7
Figure 4.1.4 Solar Inverter
5. APPLICATIONS
The standalone system can be used, since it
can be deployed anywhere with minimum space
utilization. The capacity of standalone system ranges
from 500VA to 5KVA.
For large scale commercial and industrial
applications, separately mounted wind turbine and
solar panels are used to engineer the required
capacity requirements can be accommodated.
Typical applications include:
1. Hotels
2. Business (Institutions and Government)
3. Large Estate Houses
4. Factories and manufacturing facilities
5. Commercial Power generation
6. Street lighting
6. ADVANTAGES
As the technology of solar collectors and
small wind turbine generators has advanced in past
decades, so has the industry in terms of efficiency in
manufacturing and fabrication technologies, as well
as direct labour cost.
1. Very high reliability (combines wind power, and
solar power)
2. Long term Sustainability
3. High energy output (since both are complimentary
to each other)
4. Cost saving (only one time investment)
5. Low maintenance cost (there is nothing to replace)
6. Long term warranty
7. No pollution, no noise, and deadly against
environment pollution
8. Clean and pure energy
9. Provides un-interrupted power supply to the
equipment
10. Provide clean, green, reliable, pollution free, low
emission and distributed technology power
11 The system gives quality power out-put DC to
charge directly the storage battery or provide AC.
12. The system can be designed for both off-grid and
on grid applications.
13. Efficient and easy installation, longer life
7. DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages of power generation by
solar-wind are as follows :
1. Large number of harmonics is produced.
2. Initial investment is more.
3. Large space is required for larger generations
4. Wind energy systems are noisy in operation; a
large unit can be heard many kilometers away.
5. Efficiency is less than conventional power plants.

8. 8.CONCLUSION
1. By this project many villages can be lighted. For
villages which are much away from the construction
site of large power generating stations such as hydro
and nuclear can be provided power.
2. Also to satisfied the increasing demand of
electricity with clean hybrid power station by solar –
wind can be used.
REFERENCES
1) www.solarserver.com/
2) www.windpower.org
3) http//:www.scientific.net
4) W.W.S. Charters. “Solar and Wind Power
Technologies”. CSC Technical Publication
Services No 187, Commonwealth Science
Council. (1985).