1. HIV/AIDS
Elaine Kauschinger
PhD, MS, ARNP, FNP-BC
Assistant Professor of Clinical
Lead Faculty, Family Nurse Practitioner Program
University of Miami
School of Nursing & Health Studies

2. Part 4:Prevention &
Infection Control

3. Infection control practices
 Standard precautions
• Standard precautions are the basic level
of infection control that should be used
in the care of all patients all of the time
 Hand hygiene
 Gloves, gowns, masks, face shield, & eye
protection
 Patient care equipment
 1:10 bleach solution for accidental infectious
fluid/blood spills

4. Post Exposure Prophylaxis
 A bloodborne pathogen is a pathogenic
microorganismss that are transmitted via
human blood and cause disease in
humans.
 They include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B
virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
Although a number of pathogens can be
transmitted percutaneously, HIV remains the
most common. Mosby's Medical Dictionary,
8th edition, 2009, Elsevier

5. What is the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
(OSHA)?
 Created in 1970 to ensure a safe and
healthy workplace.
 In 1991 the Bloodborne Pathogen
standard was created.
 In 2001 the Needlestick Prevention Act
required employers to select safer
devices.
 All institutions are required to develop
and implement a bloodborne pathogen
exposure control plan.

6. Types of Bloodborne Pathogen
Exposures
 Needlestick
 injuries are wounds caused
by needles that accidentally
puncture the skin.
 Sharps Injury
 scalpels
 Splash
 Cutaneous Exposure

7. Exposure
 These situations require consideration of
treatment with HIV antiretroviral therapy:
• Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
 Average risk of HIV transmission following
percutaneous exposure to
• Infected blood: 0.3%
• Mucous membrane exposure: 0.09%
• After skin exposure: unknown
• Following exposure to fluids or tissues other
than blood: unknown
 Risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus after a
large bore needle stick is approximately 5% while
to hepatitis C virus is 1.8%

8. Post Exposure Management
 Clean exposed area with
soap and water
 Apply first aid
 Supervisor Assistance –
follow instructions located
in UM Student Handbook
(located on-line).
 Counseling to determine

9. Post Exposure Management
Post Exposure drug
management dependent
upon severity of injury:
– Percutaneous
– Mucous membrane
– Skin

10. Resources
 National Clinicians’ Post-Exposure
Hotline (PEPLine): 888-448-4911
 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Registry
for Health Care Workers: 888-737-
4448 (888-PEP-4HIV)
 CDC (for reporting HIV
seroconversion in health care
workers who received PEP): 404-
638-6425

12.  National Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Hotline: 888-HIV-4911
 Florida/Caribbean AIDS Education &
Training Center: www.FCAETC.org