agriculture economic production

1. WORLD AND MALAYSIA
AGRICULTURE:FOOD
SECURITY,FERTIGATION
AND HYDROPONIC

2. Team Members
• Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A. Bakar 212320
• Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain 212353
• Nurul Hamiza Binti Zaini 212428
• Wong Jun Tat 222509
• Poh Jun Shern 220253
• Nur E’zzati Binti Bakar 212316
• Liyana Binti Suratman 212247

3. OUR STUDY OBJECTIVES…..

4. • Contribution of agriculture to Malaysia’s GDP
• Employment in agriculture in Malaysia
• Import and export of agriculture products in
Malaysia
• Issues related to agriculture in Malaysia from
2000 until 2014
• Relationship of hydroponic and fertigation with
food security

5. CONTRIBUTION OF
AGRICULTURE TO
MALAYSIA’S GDP
BY
Wong Jun Tat 222509

6. Performance of agriculture sector towards
GDP from year 1970- 2010
• Agriculture is an important sector to Malaysia’s economic
development.
Performance of agriculture sector towards GDP
1970 28.8%
1980 22.9%
1990 16.3%
2000 8.6%
2007 7.5 %
2008 7.7 %
2009 9.2%
2010 10.4%
2011 11.8%
2012 10.1%
2013 11.9%

7. Performance of agriculture sector towards GDP
from year 1970- 2010
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
YEAR
P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E
%

8. Contribution of agriculture
to the GDP of developed
countries
•United States of America,
Germany, United Kingdom,
Japan, South Korea and Taiwan
1%-3%

9. Contribution of agriculture
to the GDP of developing
countries
•Cambodia, Lao PDR,
Vietnam and…
1/3%

10. Contribution of agriculture
to the GDP by state
• Perlis, sabah:26.5 to 29.1%+-
• WP Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Penang : < 2.2
• Sarawak: 19.6%
• Sabah: 17.9%
• Johor: 14.1%

11. Contribution of palm oil to the
GDP.
• The crops sub‐sector was the main contributor of GDP for
agriculture, accounting for more than 52.0% per annum for
the period of 2006‐2010. Oil palm was the main commodity,
contributing between 30.1 to 32.3% per annum.

12. Contribution of GDP for fisheries
and livestock sub‐sector
• GDP for fisheries and livestock sub‐sector has increased for
18.0 and 11.5% in 2010 compared with 16.1 and 9.1% in 2006.

13. Contribution of GDP for forestry
and logging sub‐sector
• The forestry and logging sub‐sector fell to 17.6% in 2010
compared to 22.1% in 2006.

14. Percentage share of GDP for
agriculture sector, Malaysia,
2006‐2010

15. Contribution of GDP for live- stock
sub‐sector in 2012
Types of
livestock
production
Value (Ringgit
Malaysia million)
Contribution (%)
Poultry meat 2 903.0 55.7
Eggs 1 105.0 21.1
Pork 906.8 17.4
Beef 248.7 4.8
Mutton 12.9 0.2
Dairy 43.5 0.8
Total 5 219.9 100

16. EMPLOYMENT IN
AGRICULTURE IN
MALAYSIA
BY
Nurul Hamiza Binti Zaini 212428

17. Percentage of employed
person in agriculture
sector

18. Contribution foreign
workers in agriculture:

19. Percentage of employment
by state of Malaysia

21. The relationship between
attitude, knowledge,
support and acceptance

22. The employment of
agriculture will success if:
Acceptance Attitude Knowledge Support

23. How to generate people
interest:
Change
mindset
Upgrade
technology
Support
Opportunity Exposure

24. IMPORT AND EXPORT
OF AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTS IN
MALAYSIA
BY
Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A. Bakar 212320

25. Malaysia’s Agriculture as a Leading
Exporter and Importer in the World
Aspects 2011 2012
Export Value Import Value Export Value Import Value
Agriculture Products 39 21 34 21
Food 32 17 28 17
Share in World
Export
Share in World
Import
Share in World
Export
Share in World
Import
Agriculture Products 2.3 1.2 2.0 1.2
Food 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.1
Ranked Export Ranked Import Ranked Export Ranked Import
Agriculture Products 9th 13th 11th 12th
Food 8th 12th 11th 12th

29. External trade for agriculture sector,
Malaysia
• Source: Malaysia External Trade Statistics, January 2014

30. Major and Selected Commodities for
Export and Import in Malaysia
• Imports of major and selected commodities
• Palm kernel oil
• Fertilizer manufactured
• Exports of major and selected commodities
• Natural rubber
• Cocoa beans (raw/roasted)
• Pepper (black/white)
• Palm oil
• Palm kernel oil
• Logs and sawn timber

31. • Import and export by SITC sections
• Food
• Beverages and tobacco
• Animal and vegetable oil and fats
SITC section (Standard International Trade Classification).

32. Malaysian Fruits and Vegetable Trade
Below is the list of Malaysian agricultural produce granted market access to
Australia, China, Japan and USA (Norma, 2008):
• Cut Flowers
(Orchids,Chrysanthe
mums,
Anthurium,Foliages)
• Durian (Frozen whole
fruit/pulp)
• Durian
• Pineapple
• Young Coconut
• Papaya
• Rambutan
• Mangosteen
• Longan
• Watermelon
• Coconut
• Jackfruit
• Banana

33. ISSUES RELATED TO
AGRICULTURE IN
MALAYSIA FROM
2000 UNTIL 2014
BY
Nur E’zzati Binti Bakar 212316
Liyana Binti Suratman 212247

34. ISSUES
INDUSTRY RESOURCE
OVERSEAS
PRIVATE
SECTORS
FARMERS

35. INDUSTRY RESOURCES
Definition:
Agricultural land refers to the share of land
area that is arable, under permanent crops, and
under permanent pastures.
Idle land refers to land surface / paddy land
area of 0.4 hectares minimum on either
continuous (contiguous) or scattered land
which is owned by individuals and not
cultivated for three consecutive years and the
potential for agricultural use.
(Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)

36. …INDUSTRY RESOURCES
Small & uneconomic land holdings
• 65% paddy planters work on holding < 1 ha
• For example, the average farm-size in paddy farming is 2 hectares
(economic size is approximately 300 hectares), 2 hectares in aquaculture
(economic size is 1,000 hectares for an integrated operation) and 1
hectare in the cultivation of fruits (economic size is 1,000 hectares in
order to support one sorting, processing and packaging plant). This is in
sharp contrast to the oil palm sector where large companies manage land
banks in excess of 500,000 hectares.
Competition for land resources
• 6.36 million land; 83% for estate
Imported planting material/input
• Vegetables: 95% seeds imported
• Fruits:40% seeds imported
• Fish try: 25% imported

37. (Source: The Official Portal Of Malaysian Palm Oil Board – MPOB)

39. Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia

42. FARMERS
Ageing farmers
The average age of paddy farmers is above 60 years and 40
percent of fruit farmers are above 55 years of age.
Under employment
Paddy planters: 27 days/season
coconut smallholders: 16 days/month
Perception of youngsters generation
engaging in agriculture
sector is not attractive
Inadequate labor force

43. Higher
wages
afforded by
other sector
Resulted in
an outflow
of farm labor
to other
sector
Consequently,
there is now high
employment of
immigrant
workers in the
agricultural and
forestry sectors
However,
despite the
employment
of immigrant
labor, the
plantation
sector is still
short of
workers
Resulted in
substantial
areas of idle
land
90% of the manual workers in Sabah's oil palm
plantations are Indonesian workers employed to do
harvesting, weeding and other plantation maintenance
works. The work is tough, long hours and lowly-paid.
The agricultural continues to experience a shortage of
labor

44. (Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia,2013)

46. Lack of Scale Economies and Ageing Farmers
Community

47. PRIVATE SECTOR
• Agricultural is perceived as a poor man’s sector
and profile not comparable with other sectors.
• Low productivity of the sector.
• 60% lesser than productivity in the
manufacturing sector.
• Need to enhance productivity

48. Ministry expects 20pc of city folk to take
up urban agriculture
• The minister said the campaign would be expanded eventually
to other cities.
• He also said that another agriculture programme, ‘Jom
Bertani’ (Let’s Take Up Agriculture), would be launched by
Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin next month to
encourage rural people to take up agriculture.

49. OVERSEAS
• Trade liberalization: WTO, APEC and AFTA
• Need to enhance competitiveness of
agricultural product.
• Asian financial crisis 1997 and devaluation of
values of Malaysian ringgit (RM)
• Increasing cost imported agricultural inputs
• Increasing of food import bills.

50. Malaysia aspires to be main chocolate
producer in Asia by 2020
• “Actually Malaysia’s hope is to be the chocolate king of Asia.
That means all chocolate products would be exported out of
Malaysia and Malaysia will continue to undertake innovation
and product development,” he said.

51. RELATIONSHIP OF
HYDROPONIC AND
FERTIGATION WITH
FOOD SECURITY
BY
Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain 212353
Poh Jun Shern 220253

52. Definition of food security
• Have physical and economic access
• sufficient , safe and nutritious food
• meet their dietary needs and food preferences
• for active and healthy lifestyle.
• the objective and instruments in Malaysia’s
paddy and rice sector can be said as the same
from the first till ninth Malaysian Plan
• to achieve or attain a reasonable self
sufficiency level (SSL) in rice
• used as an index to food security in the
country.
FAO
Malaysian
National Food
Policy

53. WHO
1)Food availability: sufficient quantities of food
on a consistent basis.
2)Food accessibility: having sufficient resources to
obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.
3)Food use: appropriate use based on knowledge
of basic nutrient and care, as well as adequate
water and sanitation.

54. Definition fertigation
• Fertigation - application of fertilizers, soil amendments,
or other water soluble products through
an irrigation system.
• Technique - how to plant without damaging the soil by
providing enough water and nutrient for them.
• Examples of fertigation are

55. Definition hydroponic
• Hydroponics - subset of hydro culture and is a method of
growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water,
without soil.
• Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the
mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium,
such as perlite, gravel, biochar, mineral wool, expanded
clay ,pebbles or coconut husk.
• Examples of hydroponic are

56. Relationship between food security with
fertigation and hydroponic
• Providing more production to feed all peoples.
• With the present of food security, the process of
producing food can be secured, according to the policy
stated.
• To serve a good quality of product to consumer.
• Does not have to rely on importing our staple food into
our country anymore when the condition of agriculture is
in good form.

57. CONCLUSION

58. • UN praises Malaysia for making strides in reducing poverty
• Malaysian poverty 8.9>1.7
• Urban poverty 3.7>1.0
• Rural poverty 15.3>3.4
• The poorest state, Sabah, has experienced the highest reduction
in poverty, from 19.7% in 2009 to 6.1% in 2012.
• since 1970, the Malaysian economy had gradually transformed
• agrarian > diversified one with manufacturing and production of
processed goods and services sectors being dominant.

59. • Bridge the rural-urban gap
• the government’s efforts in developing the agricultural sector
in a modern and commercial way will contribute to the
success of the food security policy and reduce the bill or costs
of importing food and agricultural products in the country
• Agriculture, which accounted for more than 20% of GDP in
1985, dropped to 7.3% in 2012, surpassed by other sectors of
the economy including services (56.4%), manufacturing
(24.9%) and mining and quarrying (8.4%) of GDP

60. THANK YOU, for you
attention…