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1. Roots of Language:
Foundations of English
Pre-AP English II

2. Roots of Language
 What? You will learn word-parts
 How? Bi-weekly lessons on roots, prefixes,
or suffixes
 Why? These word-parts are the essential
parts of words. Knowing them helps you to
understand new words.

3. Word-Parts
 Roots
 Prefix
 Suffix
 Could be anywhere in the word
 Manage,
 emancipate  hand
 Beginning of the word
 Rewind, return, respond  again
 End of word
 Bigger, smaller, smarter  more

4. You need…
 Roots of language packet
 Pencil
 Paper

5. Directions
 Find the root in your packet
 Write the definition of the root
 Write an additional example word and its
definition

6. Auto (Greek)
 Definition: Self
 Example Word: Autocrat – one person with
complete authority
 Other examples?
 Automobile, automatic

7. Biblio (Greek)
 Definition: Book
 Example Words: Bibliography – a list of
written works used as sources
 Other examples?
 bibliophile

8. Dic, dict (Latin)
 Definition: Speak
 Example Words: Dictate - to speak or read
for a person to translate
 Other examples?
 Dictionary, diction, edict, predict, contradict

9. Graph (Greek)
 Definition: Write
 Example Words: Autograph - a signature
written with one’s own hand
 Other examples?
 Graphic, photograph, graphite

10. Lang, ling (Latin)
 Definition: tongue
 Example words: linguist - a person skilled in
languages
 Other words?
 language, bilingual

11. Leg, lec, lex
(Latin – Legere, Greek – Lexis)
 Definition: Read, speak
 Example Words:
 Legible = Readable
 Lecture = A speech delivered for instruction
 Other examples?
 lexicon

12. Lit (Latin)
 Definition: letter
 Example Words: literature - writings in which
expression and form are essential features
 Other examples?
 Literate, literacy

13. Man (Latin)
 Definition: Hand
 Example Word: manuscript - the original text
of an author’s work (handwritten or typed)
 Other examples?
 Emancipate, manacles, manager

14. Mem (Latin)
 Definition: Remember
 Example Word: Memento = Something that
serves as a reminder; souvenir
 Other examples?
 Memory, memorize, memorial

15. Sci (Latin)
 Definition: know
 Example Word: omniscient = having
complete or unlimited knowledge
 Other examples?
 Conscious, conscience

16. Scrib, scrip (Latin)
 Definition: Write
 Example Word: Inscribe = To write, engrave,
or print as a lasting record
 Other examples?
 Transcribe, prescribe, prescription, scribble

17. Read (Germanic – raed)
 Definition: counsel, advise, interpret
 Example Word: readability = the ease with
which a text can be read
 Other examples?
 Reader, read

18. ETYMOLOGY of the word READ
 Etymo = true meaning
 logos = word
 The root “read” doesn’t actually
appear in that many English words,
but the history (or etymology) of the
word is interesting to consider.

19. ETYMOLOGY of the word READ
 In many languages, the word for reading comes
from the Latin word legere, which originally had
to do with “gathering up” or “collecting” meaning.
Consider these words in other languages:
 Leer = “to read” in Spanish
 Lire = “to read” in French
 Leggere = “to read” in Italian
 Lesen = “to read” in German

20. ETYMOLOGY of the word READ
 In English, we use words like “legible” and
“lexicon,” but when it comes to the act of
READING, our word is rooted in the idea
of counsel – almost a conversation
between the author and the reader.
 In addition to “gathering up” details to
make sense of letters and words, your job
in this class is to INTERPRET meaning.

21. Done!
 Study these words.
 You will have a quiz on 9/5.
 Want five bonus points? Make flash cards
and bring them on quiz day. They must be
completed before class.

22. What will the quiz be like?
 You will need to…
 Know the roots and their definitions
 Determine the correct definition for a word using
your knowledge of the root
 Write words that contain the roots and write
definitions for those words