POWERPOINT REALIZADO POR ALBERTO ARANDA SHAW, PROFESOR DEL IES NICOLÁS SALMERÓN DE ALMERÍA PARA LA EXPOSICIÓN DE LOS CONTENIDOS CONCEPTUALES DE LA I GUERRA MUNDIAL EN BILINGÜE INGLÉS.
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
FIRST WORLD WAR
1.
2.
3. • PERIOD KNOWN AS ARMADA PEACE OR BELLE EPOQUE
• NEW ECONOMIC ORDER: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION II.
•NEW POLITIC ORDER: IMPERIALISM.
• NATIONALISMS
• MILITARY ALLIANCES
4. • II INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CAPITALISM. CONCENTRATION
•CAPITAL AND GLOBALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY.
• NEW ECONOMIC POWERS: USA, JAPAN AND GERMANY.
•IN EUROPE, GERMANY IMPROVED MORE THAN GREAT BRITAIN
•AND FRANCE.
•GERMANY REMOVED MARKETS TO ENGLAND. THREATENED HER
•ECONOMY.
5. •LATE GERMAN UNIFICATION.
• GREAT ECONOMIC WEIGHT OF GERMANY, BUT FEW COLONIAL
POSSESSIONS
• GERMANY DEMANDED A NEW COLONIAL REALITY. FRANCE
AND BRITAIN OPPOSED.
• TWO EPISODES OF RIVALRY: MOROCCAN CRISIS.
6. • FIRST MOROCCAN CRISIS (1905): CLAIM TO CREATE A
FRENCH PROTECTORATE IN MOROCCO. OPPOSITION FROM GERMANY
AND SPAIN.
• ALGECIRAS`S CONFERENCE (1906)
• SECOND MOROCCAN CRISIS (1911): FINALLY GERMANY ACHIEVED
•FRENCH TERRITORIES. PART OF CONGO.
7.
8. • DECAY OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE: GREECE, MONTENEGRO,
SERBIA, ALBANIA, BULGARIA, ROMANIA AND MACEDONIA ...
• COLONIAL ASPIRATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN POWERS.
• NATIONALIST ASPIRATIONS OF NEW STATES: "THE GREAT
SERBIA ".
• 1908: BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA WAS ANNEXED BY AUSTRIA.
• 1912: I BALKAN WAR
• 1913: II BALKAN WAR
9. “Si alguna vez hay otra guerra en Europa, será el resultado de alguna maldita estupidez
en los Balcanes”. Otto Von Bismarck-Canciller alemán.
10. FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1870): PRUSSIA BEAT.
FRANCE HAS TO GIVE ALSACE AND LORRAINE. CRAVING FOR REVENGE.
BISMARCK WILL TRY TO ISOLATE TO FRANCE.
11. • 1872-1890: REALPOLITIK
( GERMANY)
(OTTO VON BISMARCK)
• WHAT WAS THE GOAL?
BALANCE BETWEEN
THE POWERS.
ISOLATION OF FRANCE.
HOSTILITIES
12. • 1890: NEW GERMAN KAISER
GUILLERMO II FIRED BISMARCK.
• WELTPOLITIK: MORE AGGRESSIVE
AND IMPERIALIST POLICY
POWERS BEGIN TO CREATING
ALLIANCES AND AGREEMENTS.
ARMS RACE.
13. • FORMED AT THE BEGINNING BY
GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
AND ITALY.
• ITALY WILL WITHDRAW AND JOIN
TO THE OTHER ALLIANCE.
• TURKEY (1914) AND BULGARIA (1915)
WILL JOIN THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE.
14. • ENTENTE CORDIALE (1904): FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN.
• TRIPLE ENTENTE (1907): FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA.
• JOINED IN CONFLICT: BELGIUM, ITALY, JAPAN, USA, SERBIA,
ROMANIA, PORTUGAL, CHINA AND LATIN AMERICAN STATES.
18. • 28 JUNE 1914: MURDER OF FRANCISCO FERNANDO
(HEIR TO Austro-Hungarian throne) AND HIS WIFE IN SARAJEVO
(BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA)
• GAVRILO PRINCIP. TERRORIST OF "BLACK HAND"
19. • “BLACK HAND”: TERRORIST ORGANIZATION WHOSE PURPOSE WAS
THE INCORPORATION OF BOSNIA IN “THE GREAT SERBIA”
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BLAMED SERBIA TO COOPERATE WITH
"THE BLACK HAND" AND THEY SENT AN ULTIMATUM.
SERBIA REJECTED THE ULTIMATUM.
• JULY 28 1914: WORLD WAR I STARTED. THE ALLIANCES
WERE PUT UP.
20. • 28TH JULY: AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA.
• RUSSIA, SERBIA'S ALLY, DECLARED
WAR ON AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
• GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY`S
ALLY DECLARES WAR ON RUSSIA
AND FRANCE.
• BRITAIN, AN ALLY OF FRANCE,
DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY.
• ITALY WITHDREW FROM THE
TRIPLE ALLIANCE, LATER JOIN
THE TRIPLE ENTENTE
(THEY PROMISED COLONIAL
TERRITORIES AFTER THE WAR)
ON JULY 28 BEGAN THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
21.
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24.
25.
26.
27.
28. • CLOSE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE BATTLEFRONT AND REARGUARD.
• NEW PRODUCTION, WORK AND HEALTH ORGANIZATION.
•SHORTAGE OF RAW MATERIALS: RATIONS.
•GREAT BENEFIT: NEUTRAL COUNTRIES.
29. • OPERATIONS IN 1914 WERE BASED ON GERMAN EFFORTS TO DEFEAT
TO FRANCE AND THEN ANNHILATE TO RUSSIA.
• STRATEGY BASED ON FAST MOVING TO SURPRISE YOUR ENEMIES.
“BLITZKRIEG”.
• TWO FRONTS: WEST AND EAST.
30. • SHLIEFFEN PLAN: TO INVADE QUICKLY FRANCE AND BELGIUM.
→→ The Germans in command of Van Moltke succeeded in the invasion of Belgium
and northern France without opposition. Moltke transfer troops to Russia.
→→ The French commanding by Joffre reorganized his troops around the river
Marne and inflicted a heavy defeat to the Germans.
→→ Moltke was replaced by Falkenhayn.
31. • SERBIA DEFEAT AUSTRÍA-HUNGRÍA.
• RUSSIA DEFEAT THE AUSTRIANS IN LAMBERG AND WILL SEIZE
GALITZIA (POLAND).
• GERMAN GENERAL HINDENBURG WON THE RUSSIANS IN THE
BATTLES OF LAGOS TANNENBERG AND THE MASURIAN LAKES.
•THE SHLIEFFEN BLITZKRAIG STABILIZES THE FRONTS.
32. • IT STARTED WHAT IS KNOWN AS “TRENCH WARFARE”.
→→ Chemical war in Ypres (Belgium) by Germany.
→→ Total war in the battle of Verdun.
→→ Allied counteroffensive in the Somme.
33. •ITALY JOINED IN THE WAR WITH THE ENTENTE..
• NAVAL BATTLE IN JUTLAND BETWEEN ENGLAND AND GERMANY.
• SINKING OF THE "LUSITANIA" (AMERICAN SHIP). US RETHINKS HIS
ENTRANCE IN THE WAR.
34. • GERMANY OCCUPIED POLAND RUSSIA AND LITHUANIA.
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY RECOVERED SERBIA AND GALITZIA.
• BULGARIA IS IN WAR WITH THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE.
• RUMANIA IS IN THE WAR WITH THE TRIPLE ENTENTE.
35. • DEMORALIZATION IN TROOPS AND SOCIETY.
→→ Long and costly war: In lives and supplies.
→→ Soldier Riots, hardly repressed.
→→ Strikes in the industries.
36. • BREST-LITOVSK TREATY: RUSSIA WITHDREW OF THE WAR.
• 2ND BATTLE OF THE SOMME: LAST GERMAN OFFENSIVE. ALLIES
COUNTERATTACK AND PITCH THE GERMANS TO BELGIUM.
• BULGARIA AND TURKEY GAVE UP IN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER.
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY SIGNED THE PEACE ON NOVEMBER 3
• REVOLUTION IN GERMANY: WILHEM II ABDICATES AND THE NEW
GOVERNMENT OF EBERT SIGNS THE PEACE ON NOVEMBER 11.
37.
38. THE CONFERENCE OF PARÍS: 4 ACTORS
LLOYD GEORGE(G.B) WILSON (USA)
ORLANDO (ITALY) CLEMENCEAU (FRANCE)
EXPIRED COUNTRIES WERE NOT INVITED
39. • FRANCE-CLEMENCEAU: Harder and intransigence posture against Germany.
France will pay ".
• GREAT BRITAIN-LLOYD GEORGE: more conciliatory position. They didn´t
want to punish Germany in excess.
• USA: “WILSON`S 14 POINTS”.→ No secret alliances
→ Free passage through international waters
and fewer trade obstacles.
→ + 55% of country's indigenous population
will be independent
→ New countries: democratic regimes.
• ITALY-ORLANDO: It didn`t receive the territories that were promised
CLEMENCEAU LLOYD GEORGE WILSON ORLANDO
40. • France recovers Alsace and Lorraine
• France got the mines of Sarre.
• Polish Corridor.
•´Valley of Niemen River: Lithuania
• Belgium got Eupen and Malmendy:
• Sclhessweig was annexed to Denmark.
• Danzig and Memel: Free towns.
• Germany lost all of its colonies.
GERMANY LOST 76.000 km2 (13% of the territory) and 6,5 millions of
Inhabitants (10% of his population).
41. • REDUCTION OF THE ARMY: No more than 100.000 soldiers and 4000 generals.
• PROHIBITION OF MILITARY SERVICE REQUIRED.
• DELIVERY OF MATERIAL AND FLEET OF WAR
•PROHIBITION OF MAKING NEW WEAPONS
• DEMILITARISATION OF “RENANIA”
• REPAIR OF WAR: 132,000 MILLIONS OF MARKS = 400,000 MILLION DOLLARS.
• NO ACCESS TO THE SDN (SOCIEDAD DE NACIONES)
• PERPETUAL PROHIBITION OF “ANSCHLUSS”: UNION GERMANY-AUSTRIA.
42. • It was reduced to a little country with 8 millions of inhabitants
• The Austro-Hungarian Empire emerged 3 new countries: Austria, Hungary and
Czechoslovakia.
• Huge territories were given to two new countries: Poland and Yugoslavia.
• Italy also got territories in the Balkans.
43. THE TREATY OF TRIANON-HUNGARY
• It was reduced to a little country with 7 millions of inhabitants.
• It lost Croatia(to Yugoslavia), Transilvania (to Romania) y Eslovaquia
(Checoslovaquia).
THE TRETY OF NEUILLY-BULGARIA.
• Cession of territories to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece. No landlocked.
THE TREATY OF SEVRES- TURQUÍA
• Total disintegration of the empire: It is reduced to the Anatolian peninsula.
• Lost in the Middle East: Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Lebanon and parts of Arabia.
44.
45. • VERY HIGH NUMBER OF DEATHS: 10 MILLIONS OF INHABITANTS.
• MANY CIVILIAN DEATHS.
• OTHER CONSEQUENCES: Wounded, mutilated, orphans and widows.
CONSECUENCIAS
DEMOGRÁFICAS
DEATHS 9.272.000
WOUNDED 6.5000.000
WIDOWS 4.250.000
ORPHANS 8.000.000
46. • EXTREME MATERIAL DESTRUCTION: Russia and France were the most
affected countries. Crops, infraestructures and cities totally destroyed.
• LOSS OF WEALTH OF COUNTRIES: About 25% average.
• NEED FOR INDUSTRIAL CONVERSION.
• ENDEBT COUNTRIES