ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
Osteoporosis
1.
2. Bones are rigid organs that form part of
the endoskeleton of vertebrates.
Functions:
Movement
Support
Protect various organs of the body
3. Production of blood cells
Store minerals
Disorders of bone:
Bone fracture
Osteomyelitis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
4. Osteoporosis is a condition
characterized by a decrease in the density
of bone, decreasing its strength and
resulting in fragile bones.
It leads to abnormally porous bone that
is compressible, like a sponge.
Normal bone is composed of protein,
collagen, and calcium, all of which give
bone its strength.
5. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the
bone and results in the frequent fractures in
the bone.
The spine, hips, ribs, and wrists are common
areas of bone fractures from osteoporosis.
6.
7. Fractures - over 1.5 million annually caused by
osteoporosis in the USA.
Vertebrae fracture - approximately 700,000
vertebral (spinal) fractures annually in the USA.
Hip fracture - about 300,000 hip fractures
due to osteoporosis annually in the USA.
Wrist fracture - about 250,000 wrist
fractures in the USA.
8. Primary osteoporosis:
The condition is caused by age-related
bone loss.
Usually in people after the age of 70.
9. Secondary osteoporosis:
The loss of bone mass is caused by
lifestyle factors, diseases or medications.
Causes:
Hypogonadism
alcohol abuse
hypercalciurea
immobilization
10. • At the top is the
normal Bone
• Effected by
osteopenia showing
lack of calcium
• Severe case of
osteoporosis
11. Thin and small body frame
Family history of osteoporosis
Smoking
12. Low testosterone levels in men
(hypogonadism)
Chemotherapy
Chronic inflammation, due to chronic
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or
liver diseases
Hyperthyroidism
16. Swelling
Joint pain
Disfigurement
Debilitation
Kyphosis (is a common condition of a
curvature of the upper back.)
17. A routine X-ray can reveal osteoporosis of the
bone because the bones appear much thinner and
lighter than normal bones.
Bone mineral density test that can measure the
strength of your bone.
Often blood tests are used to measure
calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, testosterone, and
thyroid and kidney function.
Ultrasound .
18.
19. Lifestyle changes
curtailing excessive alcohol intake
exercising regularly
consuming a balanced diet with
adequate calcium and vitamin D.
23. MODE OF ACTION
This class of medicines slow the rate of bone
thinning and can lead to increased bone
density.
Bisphosphonates’ mechanisms of action all
stem from their structures' similarity to
pyrophosphate. A bisphosphonate group mimics
pyrophosphate's structure, thereby inhibiting
activation of enzymes that utilize
pyrophosphate.
24. PHARMACOKINETICS
Of the bisphosphonate that is resorbed (from
oral preparation) or infused (for intravenous
drugs), about 50% is excreted unchanged by
the kidney. The remainder has a very high
affinity for bone tissue, and is rapidly
adsorbed onto the bone surface.
25. Side effects:
Heartburn, abdominal pain, and irritation
of the esophagus.
Headache and pain in muscles and joints.
26. Calcitonin
Cibacalcin
MODE OF ACTION
It helps to regulate calcium levels in your body and is
part of the bone-building process.
Calcitonin is potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone
resorption.
Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption and slows down
rate of bone loss.
27. Side effects:
Runny nose or nasal discomfort.
Nausea.
Skin redness (flushing).
28. Raloxifene (Evista)
MODE OF ACTION
Evista (raloxifene) reduces the amount of
calcium lost from bones. It helps to prevent
bone loss and to increase normal healthy bone
formation in patients with osteoporosis.
Side effects
• Swelling.
• Warmth.
• Pain or tenderness.
• Redness.
29. DOSAGE
DRUGS DOSE
Boniva (Ibandronate) white, oblong, 2.5 mg
film-coated tablet
Cibacalcin 100-200ul in nasal
(Calcitonin) spray form, one puff
per day
1 tablet (60 mg)
Evista (Raloxifene) orally once a day
30. Physical therapy:
Help you build bone strength and
improve your posture.
Balance and muscle strength.
31. Eat your veggies and fruit
Get some daily sunshine for
vitamin D