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1.1.8 cognados
- 1. Spanish Cognates Spanish words that look or sound similar to English words and mean the same thing in both languages.
- 2. 1. Excelente 2. Generoso 3. Diferente 4. Familia 5. Elefante Examples of Cognates Even if you have never learned any Spanish, you should be able to guess these words. What do you think they mean? These words are These words are easy to recognize easy to recognize and translate, and translate,right? right?
- 3. Beware “False” Cognates! False Cognates are words that look similar in both languages but mean something different. Examples: •pan = bread (not “pan”) •vaso = cup, glass (not “vase”) •éxito = success (not “exit”) •pie = foot (not “pie”) •embarazada = pregnant (not “embarassed”)
- 4. Let’s try some out........ Spanish words that end in -a, -o or -e very often have an equivalent in English. Simply drop or change the last vowel (usually to an –e). mapa aire caso causa costo creativo credito dieta drama favorito figura forma guitarra líquido lista lista medicinapersona
- 5. florista English words that end in -or often have a Spanish cognate that is identical. actor English words that end in -ist often have a Spanish cognate that ends with –ista artista profesor error motor humor doctor director color autor (author) recepcionista turista pianista moralista
- 6. Words that end in -ary in English very often have a Spanish cognate that ends in -ario vocabulario aniversario diccionario disciplinario itinerario literario necesario ordinario salario
- 7. English words that end in -ic usually have a Spanish cognate that simply ends with -ico. sarcástico romántico patriótico Atlántico automático democrático didáctico escolástico fanático gimnástico linguístico lunático optimístico fantástico
- 8. Like the previous category, English words that end in -ical have a Spanish cognate that ends in -ico. cómico clásico técnico sicológico (psychological) práctico político periódico (newspaper,periodical) metódico histérico físico eléctrico
- 9. English words that end in -ent often have a cognate in Spanish that ends in -ente. These words are usually adjectives. agente Words that end in -ant in English have equivalents in Spanish that simply end with -ante. (also adjectives) elegante suficiente excelente patente inteligente indiferente equivalentediferente cliente tolerante mutante abundante importante
- 10. English words that end in –ly often have a cognate in Spanish that ends in -mente. These words are usually adverbs. Words that end in -ment in English have equivalents in Spanish that simply end in -mento. These words are nouns. momento elemento suplemento argumento documentoelemento frecuentemente generalmente usualmente rápidamente perfectamente
- 11. Words that end in -tion in English have equivalents in Spanish that simply end with -ción. These words are also feminine . presentación sociedad curiosidadvariedad abilidadcapacidad electricidadnecesidad eternidad populación generación educaciónrepetición invitación Words that in in -dad are quite common in Spanish. They usually correspond to an English word that ends in -ty. All of these words are feminine in gender. adopción ambición
- 12. Some English words that end in -ous have a Spanish cognate that ends in -oso. English words that end in -ence or -ance often have a Spanish cognate that ends in -encia or -ancia ambicioso delicioso misterioso religioso generoso diferencia excelencia eleganciadistancia violencia
- 13. English verbs that end with “VOWEL + CONSONANT + T” have a Spanish cognate that ends in –AR or -IR. English verbs that end in –ate often have a Spanish cognate that ends in -AR participar investigar terminardemostrar comunicar exportar insertar convertir importar insistir deportar interrumpir
- 14. English verbs that end with “VOWEL + CONSONANT + E” have a Spanish cognate that drops the –E and adds -AR. English verbs that end in –fy often have a Spanish cognate that ends in -ificar modificar verificar unificarjustificar simplificar utilizar examinar escapar imaginar invitar ignorar analizar
- 15. There are many moreThere are many more cognates to learn, but cancognates to learn, but can you believe how manyyou believe how many words you can alreadywords you can already recognize in Spanish?recognize in Spanish?