This document discusses copyright issues and financial models related to large-scale digitization of cultural works in Europe to make them available online through initiatives like Europeana. It covers topics like the need for collective licensing agreements between libraries and rights holders due to limitations of existing copyright law, challenges around orphan works, and extended collective licensing practices in Nordic countries. Stakeholder dialogues aim to define frameworks for out-of-commerce works and cross-border access, but national legislation and future EU legislation will be required to fully address rights clearance at a large scale.

1. Copyright and Financial Models to bring Europe’s Cultural Heritage online? Large scale digitization and collective licensing schemes for libraries Harald von Hielmcrone