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VoIP Quality Evaluation

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Jose Saldana
Jose Saldana

Jose Saldana, Jenifer Murillo, Julian Fernandez-Navajas, Jose Ruiz-Mas, Eduardo Viruete, Jose I. Aznar. "Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP Conversation Quality" . In Proc. CCNC 2011- 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Digital Entertainment, Networked Virtual Environments, and Creative Technology, pp 1147-1151, Las Vegas. Jan. 2011. ISBN 9781424487882.

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Presentación Jose Saldana Jenifer Murillo Julián Fernández Navajas G RUPO DE T ECNOLOGÍAS DE LAS COMUNICACIONES CPS - University of Zaragoza, Spain José Ruiz Mas Eduardo Viruete Navarro José I. Aznar
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction The use of Internet for multimedia transmission is growing as bandwidth increases. Services with hard real-time requirements: - VoIP: Voice over IP - Videoconferencing - Online Gaming CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 4
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction - The use of best-effort networks for these services is a problem for the experienced quality - Used protocols: - Signaling: SIP, H.323 - Media transport: RTP, simple UDP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 5
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction Real-time requirements force us to divide the information into small pieces, and send it using a small time period, and small packets. This implies an overhead, as every packet needs the IP, UDP and maybe RTP headers CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 6
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR RTP packet RTP packets’ overhead IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 10 bytes 10 bytes VoIP packet with 2 G.729a samples Efficiency: 33% for IPv4 CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 7
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Scenarios where many multimedia flows share a path. Does it represent an advantage? Data centre Office CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 8
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Scenarios where many multimedia flows share a path. Does it represent an advantage? Internet café CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 9
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 10 R-FACTOR Two possible improvements Improvement 1: RTP compression schemes: - CRTP: RFC 2508, February 1999 - ECRTP: RFC 3545, July 2003: Enhanced CRTP for scenarios with packet loss, packet reordering and long delays. - ROHCv2: RFC 5225, April 2008 They use the repeatability of IP/UDP/RTP headers to compress them. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 11 R-FACTOR RTP compression - The two extremes share a context. - Every packet carries a CID - Some fields are avoided, other are compressed (delta compression, etc.) or inferred from lower layers Problems: - Only hop-by-hop usage - Synchronization of the context CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 12 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples Improvement 2: More samples in a single packet. If they belong to the same flow: CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 13 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples If different flows share the same path (voice trunking) the packet frequency can be the same. Added delays? CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 14 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 15 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples Maximum added delay: Packet period. Independent of the number of flows CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 16 R-FACTOR RTP multiplexing IP header UDP header RTP header IP header Sample Sample IP header L2TP RH PPP PPPMux Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux RTP header Sample Sample Sample Sample RH PPPMux IP header Sample UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample Real scale Combines header compression and multiplexing a number of flows. Advantages: - Reducing overhead, bandwidth saving - Reducing packets per second CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 17 R-FACTOR RTP multiplexing IP header UDP header RTP header IP header Sample Sample IP header L2TP RH PPP PPPMux Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux RTP header Sample Sample Sample Sample RH IP header Sample UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Real scale Disadvantages: - New added delays - Processing charge Increasing packet size: Good or bad? CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 18 R-FACTOR Influence of the router - The amount and size distribution of background traffic will affect the real-time traffic. - Packet loss can be modified with the change of packet size, depending on the policy of the router’s buffer. - Routers have a pps limitation. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 19 R-FACTOR Motivation of this work - Study the influence of buffer policies and multiplexing schemes on the perceived quality, for real-time services. - Service used: VoIP. Representative. - Real-time requirements - Wide-deployed service - Existence of scenarios where many flows share the same path CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 20 R-FACTOR R-factor - Defined by ITU G.107 (E-Model) Ranges from 0 (bad quality) to 100 (good) Acceptable for R > 70 Dependence on delay and packet loss Widely accepted quality estimator for VoIP services CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 22 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing proposals - Different proposals. We will consider: - TCRTP (RFC 4170): Tunneling Multiplexed Compressed RTP. - Sze: «A Multiplexing Scheme for H.323 VoIP Applications», IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., Sep 2002. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 23 BUFFER POLICIES TCRTP - It does not define a new protocol. Combines some of them. samples samples ECRTP ... ECRTP RTP UDP IP PPP Mux PPP L2TP IP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 24 BUFFER POLICIES TCRTP - Different Reduced Header sizes (ECRTP) - The use of the L2TP tunnel makes it possible to use ECRTP end-to-end Example: 3 RTP packets with 2 samples per packet: IP header L2TP RH PPP Sample PPPMux CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample RH PPPMux Sample Sample RH Sample Sample PPPMux Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 25 BUFFER POLICIES Sze - Includes many RTP packets into a UDP one - Different Reduced Header sizes - Need of some tables at the origin and destination. Non standard Exampe: 3 RTP packets with 2 samples per packet: IP header UDP header R H CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample Sample R H Sample Sample RH Sample Sample Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 26 BUFFER POLICIES Packet size comparative 3 multiplexed packets RTP TCRTP IP header UDP header L2TP RH PPP Sze IP header RTP header Sample PPPMux IP header UDP header R H Sample Sample Sample Real scale IP header RH Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux Sample Sample R H RTP header Sample Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample Sample RH Sample Sample 5 multiplexed packets RTP IP header TCRTP IP header UDP header RTP header IP header RH PPP Sze L2TP Sample PPPMux UDP header R H Sample Sample Sample RH IP header Sample UDP header Sample PPPMux Sample Sample R H Sample RH RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample R H Sample RH Sample IP header Sample Sample PPPMux Sample R H CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample UDP header RH Sample RTP header Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample RH Sample Sample Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 27 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing uses - Bandwidth relationship Bandwidth Saving X for = 0.95 BW compressed/BWpnative S=10 bytes Xrh S=10 S=20 bytes 0,9 Xrh=20 S=30 bytes 0,8 Xrh S=30 X 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 k - Packets per second: reduced by k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 28 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing uses - Packet size increase Packet size RTP S=10 bytes 800 RTP S=20 bytes RTP S=30 bytes TCRTP S=10 bytes 700 TCRTP S=20 bytes TCRTP S=30bytes 600 bytes 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 29 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - «Rule of the thumb»: Bandwidth-delay product. - «Stanford model»: Division by sqrt(N) (N:number of TCP flows). - Other proposal: time-limited buffer. Interesting for this work. Limits OWD. But penalizes big packets CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 30 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - Multiplexing tradeoffs R-factor Added delays Bandwidth saving Multiplexing Packet loss reduction R-factor Packet loss increase R-factor Background traffic Bigger packet size Buffer policy Reduced pps Router limitation CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Packet loss reduction R-factor Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 31 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - We will compare - Dedicated buffer: Only VoIP - High-capacity buffer - Time-limited buffer IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 33 SYSTEM DELAYS General Scheme - Use of a testbed Real Traffic in a testbed Offline post-processing Buffer policies VoIP Network delays + Dejitter buffer Background Router Traffic Generation Traffic Capture Traffic Trace Final Results - Generator: D-ITG: Statistics of packet size and inter packet delay. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 34 SYSTEM DELAYS Traffic generation - Background traffic - 50% 40 bytes - 10% 576 bytes - 40% 1500 bytes - Only UDP, in order to avoid flow control: always the same background traffic. - Different rates to saturate the access router - Network does not loose packets CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 35 SYSTEM DELAYS Traffic generation - Multiplexed VoIP traffic - Three header sizes: - COMPRESSED_RTP - COMPRESSED_UDP - FULL_HEADER 97.3% 2.6% 0.0033% (negligible) - Packet size: Binomial k, p=0.973 - Used for TCRTP and Sze. - 400 seconds of traffic. First and last 20 are discarded CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 36 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 37 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 38 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 39 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (2) - Queuing delay - Network delay - Fixed: 20ms - Lognormal: avg 20ms. Variance 5 Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 40 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (2) - Queuing delay - Network delay - Fixed: 20ms - Lognormal: avg 20ms. Variance 5 Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 41 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (3) - De-jitter buffer: adds delays and packet losses: - loss de-jitter buffer ~ P { l > bg} - delay de-jitter buffer : number of samples - Buffer size: maximize R-factor. Static. Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 43 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Dedicated buffer - 200 kbps only for VoIP R-factor RTP 82 TCRTP Sze 81 R-factor 80 79 78 77 76 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of multiplexed calls k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 44 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Dedicated buffer - 200 kbps only for VoIP R-factor RTP 82 Effect of added delays TCRTP Sze 81 R-factor 80 79 Effect of bandwidth saving 78 77 76 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of multiplexed calls k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 45 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows R factor 1 RTP 5 RTP 85 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 80 R-factor 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 46 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows R factor 1 RTP 5 RTP 85 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 80 75 R-factor Step-like graphs. When the bandwidth is not enough, the quality falls 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 47 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows R-factor 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 85 80 R-factor 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 48 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 15 flows R factor 1 RTP 15 RTP 85 15 TCRTP 15 Sze 80 R 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 49 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 20 flows 1 RTP 20 RTP 20 TCRTP 20 Sze R factor 85 80 The bigger the number of flows, the bigger the bandwidth saving R 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 50 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 51 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 Time-limited buffer: slope instead of step-like R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 52 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 Native RTP behaves better than multiplexing schemes R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 53 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 54 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 0.5% worse 72 70 Gaining zone 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 55 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer Background Traffic Packet Loss 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 20 Packet Loss (%) 15 The bigger the bandwidth saving, the smaller the packet loss 10 5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 56 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 15 flows 1 RTP 15 RTP 15 TCRTP 15 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 76 R-factor 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 57 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 20 flows 1 RTP 20 RTP 20 TCRTP 20 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 76 R-factor 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 58 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 15 TCRTP 15 Sze 20 TCRTP 20 Sze % R-factor improvement 25 % R-factor improvement 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
Index INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 60 Conclusions - Comparison of multiplexing schemes - Service used: VoIP - New delays added: small. The bandwidth saving is significant - R-factor - improvement up to 20% - impairment 1% - Packet size is important, depending on buffer policies CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 61 Conclusions - Is it better to use only one tunnel or to group calls into a number of tunnels? R factor 20 RTP 85 20 TCRTP 2x10 TCRTP 80 75 R 70 65 60 55 50 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 62 Conclusions - Is it better to use only one tunnel or to group calls into a number of tunnels? R factor 20 RTP 85 20 TCRTP 2x10 TCRTP 80 75 R 70 65 60 55 50 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
Presentación Jose Saldana Jenifer Murillo Julián Fernández Navajas G RUPO DE T ECNOLOGÍAS DE LAS COMUNICACIONES CPS - University of Zaragoza, Spain José Ruiz Mas Eduardo Viruete Navarro José I. Aznar

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VoIP Quality Evaluation

  • 1. Presentación Jose Saldana Jenifer Murillo Julián Fernández Navajas G RUPO DE T ECNOLOGÍAS DE LAS COMUNICACIONES CPS - University of Zaragoza, Spain José Ruiz Mas Eduardo Viruete Navarro José I. Aznar
  • 4. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction The use of Internet for multimedia transmission is growing as bandwidth increases. Services with hard real-time requirements: - VoIP: Voice over IP - Videoconferencing - Online Gaming CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 4
  • 5. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction - The use of best-effort networks for these services is a problem for the experienced quality - Used protocols: - Signaling: SIP, H.323 - Media transport: RTP, simple UDP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 5
  • 6. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Introduction Real-time requirements force us to divide the information into small pieces, and send it using a small time period, and small packets. This implies an overhead, as every packet needs the IP, UDP and maybe RTP headers CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 6
  • 7. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR RTP packet RTP packets’ overhead IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 10 bytes 10 bytes VoIP packet with 2 G.729a samples Efficiency: 33% for IPv4 CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 7
  • 8. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Scenarios where many multimedia flows share a path. Does it represent an advantage? Data centre Office CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 8
  • 9. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER R-FACTOR Scenarios where many multimedia flows share a path. Does it represent an advantage? Internet café CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP 9
  • 10. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 10 R-FACTOR Two possible improvements Improvement 1: RTP compression schemes: - CRTP: RFC 2508, February 1999 - ECRTP: RFC 3545, July 2003: Enhanced CRTP for scenarios with packet loss, packet reordering and long delays. - ROHCv2: RFC 5225, April 2008 They use the repeatability of IP/UDP/RTP headers to compress them. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 11. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 11 R-FACTOR RTP compression - The two extremes share a context. - Every packet carries a CID - Some fields are avoided, other are compressed (delta compression, etc.) or inferred from lower layers Problems: - Only hop-by-hop usage - Synchronization of the context CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 12. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 12 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples Improvement 2: More samples in a single packet. If they belong to the same flow: CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 13. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 13 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples If different flows share the same path (voice trunking) the packet frequency can be the same. Added delays? CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 14. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 14 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 15. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 15 R-FACTOR Increasing the number of samples Maximum added delay: Packet period. Independent of the number of flows CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 16. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 16 R-FACTOR RTP multiplexing IP header UDP header RTP header IP header Sample Sample IP header L2TP RH PPP PPPMux Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux RTP header Sample Sample Sample Sample RH PPPMux IP header Sample UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample Real scale Combines header compression and multiplexing a number of flows. Advantages: - Reducing overhead, bandwidth saving - Reducing packets per second CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 17. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 17 R-FACTOR RTP multiplexing IP header UDP header RTP header IP header Sample Sample IP header L2TP RH PPP PPPMux Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux RTP header Sample Sample Sample Sample RH IP header Sample UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Real scale Disadvantages: - New added delays - Processing charge Increasing packet size: Good or bad? CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 18. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 18 R-FACTOR Influence of the router - The amount and size distribution of background traffic will affect the real-time traffic. - Packet loss can be modified with the change of packet size, depending on the policy of the router’s buffer. - Routers have a pps limitation. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 19. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 19 R-FACTOR Motivation of this work - Study the influence of buffer policies and multiplexing schemes on the perceived quality, for real-time services. - Service used: VoIP. Representative. - Real-time requirements - Wide-deployed service - Existence of scenarios where many flows share the same path CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 20. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION RTP COMPRESSION RTP MULTIPLEXING ROUTER 20 R-FACTOR R-factor - Defined by ITU G.107 (E-Model) Ranges from 0 (bad quality) to 100 (good) Acceptable for R > 70 Dependence on delay and packet loss Widely accepted quality estimator for VoIP services CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 22. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 22 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing proposals - Different proposals. We will consider: - TCRTP (RFC 4170): Tunneling Multiplexed Compressed RTP. - Sze: «A Multiplexing Scheme for H.323 VoIP Applications», IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., Sep 2002. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 23. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 23 BUFFER POLICIES TCRTP - It does not define a new protocol. Combines some of them. samples samples ECRTP ... ECRTP RTP UDP IP PPP Mux PPP L2TP IP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 24. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 24 BUFFER POLICIES TCRTP - Different Reduced Header sizes (ECRTP) - The use of the L2TP tunnel makes it possible to use ECRTP end-to-end Example: 3 RTP packets with 2 samples per packet: IP header L2TP RH PPP Sample PPPMux CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample RH PPPMux Sample Sample RH Sample Sample PPPMux Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 25. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 25 BUFFER POLICIES Sze - Includes many RTP packets into a UDP one - Different Reduced Header sizes - Need of some tables at the origin and destination. Non standard Exampe: 3 RTP packets with 2 samples per packet: IP header UDP header R H CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample Sample R H Sample Sample RH Sample Sample Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 26. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 26 BUFFER POLICIES Packet size comparative 3 multiplexed packets RTP TCRTP IP header UDP header L2TP RH PPP Sze IP header RTP header Sample PPPMux IP header UDP header R H Sample Sample Sample Real scale IP header RH Sample UDP header Sample RH PPPMux Sample Sample R H RTP header Sample Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample Sample RH Sample Sample 5 multiplexed packets RTP IP header TCRTP IP header UDP header RTP header IP header RH PPP Sze L2TP Sample PPPMux UDP header R H Sample Sample Sample RH IP header Sample UDP header Sample PPPMux Sample Sample R H Sample RH RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample R H Sample RH Sample IP header Sample Sample PPPMux Sample R H CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Sample UDP header RH Sample RTP header Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample IP header UDP header RTP header Sample Sample Sample PPPMux Sample RH Sample Sample Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 27. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 27 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing uses - Bandwidth relationship Bandwidth Saving X for = 0.95 BW compressed/BWpnative S=10 bytes Xrh S=10 S=20 bytes 0,9 Xrh=20 S=30 bytes 0,8 Xrh S=30 X 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 k - Packets per second: reduced by k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 28. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 28 BUFFER POLICIES RTP multiplexing uses - Packet size increase Packet size RTP S=10 bytes 800 RTP S=20 bytes RTP S=30 bytes TCRTP S=10 bytes 700 TCRTP S=20 bytes TCRTP S=30bytes 600 bytes 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 29. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 29 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - «Rule of the thumb»: Bandwidth-delay product. - «Stanford model»: Division by sqrt(N) (N:number of TCP flows). - Other proposal: time-limited buffer. Interesting for this work. Limits OWD. But penalizes big packets CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 30. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 30 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - Multiplexing tradeoffs R-factor Added delays Bandwidth saving Multiplexing Packet loss reduction R-factor Packet loss increase R-factor Background traffic Bigger packet size Buffer policy Reduced pps Router limitation CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Packet loss reduction R-factor Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 31. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS MULTIPLEXING PROPOSALS TEST METHODOLOGY MULTIPLEXING USES RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 31 BUFFER POLICIES Buffer size and buffer policies - We will compare - Dedicated buffer: Only VoIP - High-capacity buffer - Time-limited buffer IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 33. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 33 SYSTEM DELAYS General Scheme - Use of a testbed Real Traffic in a testbed Offline post-processing Buffer policies VoIP Network delays + Dejitter buffer Background Router Traffic Generation Traffic Capture Traffic Trace Final Results - Generator: D-ITG: Statistics of packet size and inter packet delay. CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 34. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 34 SYSTEM DELAYS Traffic generation - Background traffic - 50% 40 bytes - 10% 576 bytes - 40% 1500 bytes - Only UDP, in order to avoid flow control: always the same background traffic. - Different rates to saturate the access router - Network does not loose packets CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 35. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 35 SYSTEM DELAYS Traffic generation - Multiplexed VoIP traffic - Three header sizes: - COMPRESSED_RTP - COMPRESSED_UDP - FULL_HEADER 97.3% 2.6% 0.0033% (negligible) - Packet size: Binomial k, p=0.973 - Used for TCRTP and Sze. - 400 seconds of traffic. First and last 20 are discarded CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 36. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 36 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 37. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 37 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 38. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 38 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays - Packetization delay: G.729a. - 15, 25 or 35 ms - Retention time at the mux: Packet period - Process: 5ms Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 39. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 39 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (2) - Queuing delay - Network delay - Fixed: 20ms - Lognormal: avg 20ms. Variance 5 Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 40. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 40 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (2) - Queuing delay - Network delay - Fixed: 20ms - Lognormal: avg 20ms. Variance 5 Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 41. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY GENERAL SCHEME TRAFFIC GENERATION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 41 SYSTEM DELAYS System delays (3) - De-jitter buffer: adds delays and packet losses: - loss de-jitter buffer ~ P { l > bg} - delay de-jitter buffer : number of samples - Buffer size: maximize R-factor. Static. Tpacketization Tretention Tprocess Tqueue Tnetwork Tprocess Tdejitter IP network . . . MUX RTP CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas DEMUX RTP multiplexing . . . RTP Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 43. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 43 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Dedicated buffer - 200 kbps only for VoIP R-factor RTP 82 TCRTP Sze 81 R-factor 80 79 78 77 76 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of multiplexed calls k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 44. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 44 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Dedicated buffer - 200 kbps only for VoIP R-factor RTP 82 Effect of added delays TCRTP Sze 81 R-factor 80 79 Effect of bandwidth saving 78 77 76 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of multiplexed calls k CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 45. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 45 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows R factor 1 RTP 5 RTP 85 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 80 R-factor 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 46. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 46 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows R factor 1 RTP 5 RTP 85 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 80 75 R-factor Step-like graphs. When the bandwidth is not enough, the quality falls 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 47. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 47 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows R-factor 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 85 80 R-factor 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 48. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 48 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 15 flows R factor 1 RTP 15 RTP 85 15 TCRTP 15 Sze 80 R 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 49. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 49 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER High capacity buffer - 1Mbps shared. 20 flows 1 RTP 20 RTP 20 TCRTP 20 Sze R factor 85 80 The bigger the number of flows, the bigger the bandwidth saving R 75 70 65 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 50. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 50 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 51. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 51 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 Time-limited buffer: slope instead of step-like R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 52. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 52 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 5 flows 1 RTP 5 RTP 5 TCRTP 5 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 Native RTP behaves better than multiplexing schemes R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 53. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 53 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 72 70 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 54. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 54 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 10 flows 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 R-factor 76 74 0.5% worse 72 70 Gaining zone 68 66 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 55. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 55 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer Background Traffic Packet Loss 1 RTP 10 RTP 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 20 Packet Loss (%) 15 The bigger the bandwidth saving, the smaller the packet loss 10 5 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 56. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 56 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 15 flows 1 RTP 15 RTP 15 TCRTP 15 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 76 R-factor 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 57. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 57 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer - 1Mbps shared. 20 flows 1 RTP 20 RTP 20 TCRTP 20 Sze R-factor 82 80 78 76 R-factor 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 58. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY DEDICATED BUFFER HIGH CAPACITY BUFFER RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 58 TIME-LIMITED BUFFER Time-limited buffer 5 TCRTP 5 Sze 10 TCRTP 10 Sze 15 TCRTP 15 Sze 20 TCRTP 20 Sze % R-factor improvement 25 % R-factor improvement 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 60. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 60 Conclusions - Comparison of multiplexing schemes - Service used: VoIP - New delays added: small. The bandwidth saving is significant - R-factor - improvement up to 20% - impairment 1% - Packet size is important, depending on buffer policies CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 61. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 61 Conclusions - Is it better to use only one tunnel or to group calls into a number of tunnels? R factor 20 RTP 85 20 TCRTP 2x10 TCRTP 80 75 R 70 65 60 55 50 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 62. INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS TEST METHODOLOGY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS 62 Conclusions - Is it better to use only one tunnel or to group calls into a number of tunnels? R factor 20 RTP 85 20 TCRTP 2x10 TCRTP 80 75 R 70 65 60 55 50 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 background traffic (kbps) CCNC January 9-11, 2011. Las Vegas Evaluation of Multiplexing and Buffer Policies Influence on VoIP
  • 63. Presentación Jose Saldana Jenifer Murillo Julián Fernández Navajas G RUPO DE T ECNOLOGÍAS DE LAS COMUNICACIONES CPS - University of Zaragoza, Spain José Ruiz Mas Eduardo Viruete Navarro José I. Aznar