12. - first synthesized by Rusching in
Germany and marketed under the trade
name Ultracain.
- first introduced for the clinical use.
- FDA granted approval for its sale and
distribution under the trade name
Septocaine as 4.0% solution with
epinephrine 1: 100,000.
Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1997.

13. PHARMACOLOGY OF ARTICAINE
Ørjan Johansen : Comparison of Articaine and lignocaine used as dental
local anesthetics , May 2004

16. • After an informed
consent, volunteers who
were willing to
participate in the study
were selected.
• Sample size : 10
• Study method :
Prospective Randomized
Controlled Clinical Trial

17. Gender : Male & Female
Age : 18 – 50 years
Subjects without any
systemic disorders or
antecedents of
complications associated
with local anesthetics.
Alejandro Sierra Rebolledo, Esther Delgado Molina, Leonardo Berini Aytés , Cosme Gay Escoda : Comparative
study of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine n inferior alveolar nerve block during
surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars , Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:E139-44.

21. The local anesthetic solution was injected
at the apical region of the maxillary canine
at the height of the mucobuccal fold.
Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1997.

22. PARAMETERS MEASURED
Pulpal onset of local anesthetic action
Pulpal duration of local anesthesia
Buccal soft tissue anesthesia
Palatal soft tissue anesthesia
Kimmo Vahatalo, Heikki Antila and Risto Lehtinen: Articaine and lignocaine for
maxillary infiltration anesthesia , Anesth Prog 40:114-116 1993

26. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.2 ml
59
36.5
29
66.25
44
32
66.33
46.11
35
SECONDS
VOLUME OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Canine
Lateral incisor
First premolar

27. ANOVA test is significant.
‘p’ value < 0.05
Post Hoc Test for multiple comparisons shows
no significant difference between 0.9 ml and
1.2 ml.
‘p’ value = 0.136, > 0.05

28. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.2 ml
21
41
54
11.25
37
53
8.33
36.11
48.2
MINUTES
VOLUME OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Canine
Lateral incisor
First premolar

29. ANOVA test is significant.
‘p’ value < 0.05
Post Hoc Test for multiple
comparisons shows
significant mean
difference.
‘p’ value < 0.05

30. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.2 ml
100% 100% 100%
0% 0%
30%
%WITHINGROUP
VOLUME OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Buccal soft tissue
anesthesia
Palatal soft tissue
anesthesia

31. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.2 ml
70%
100% 100%
0% 0%
20%
%WITHINGROUP
VOLUME OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Buccal soft tissue
anesthesia
Palatal soft tissue
anesthesia
Chi-Square test –
‘p’ value < 0.05
Chi-Square test –
‘p’ value = 0.117(> 0.05 )

32. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.6 ml 0.9 ml 1.2 ml
80%
100% 100%
0% 0%
10%
%WITHINGROUP
VOLUME OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Buccal soft tissue
anesthesia
Palatal soft tissue
anesthesia
Chi-Square test –
‘p’ value < 0.05
Chi-Square test –
‘p’ value = 0.117(> 0.05 )

36. Stanley F. Malamed. Handbook of Local anesthesia.
5/ ed, Elsevier, 2008.
Bennett CR: Monheim’s local anesthesia and pain control in dental practice, ed
7, St Louis, 1983, Mosby.
Meechan JG, Kanaa MD, Corbett IP, Steen IN, Whitworth JM.:Pulpal anesthesia for
mandibular permanent first molar teeth: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial
comparing buccal and buccal plus lingual infiltration injections in volunteers. Int Endod J
2006; 39(10):764 9.
Malamed SF, Gagnon S, Leblanc D. Safety of articaine: A new amide local anesthetic. J
Am Dent Assoc 132:177-86, 2001.
Stanley F. Malamed, DDS. Local Anesthetics: Dentistry’s most important drugs,
Clinical update 2006
Kimmo Vahatalo, Heikki Antila and Risto Lehtinen: Articaine and lignocaine
for maxillary infiltration anesthesia , Anesth Prog 40:114-116 1993
Alejandro Sierra Rebolledo, Esther Delgado Molina, Leonardo Berini Aytés , Cosme
Gay Escoda : Comparative study of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2%
lidocaine n inferior alveolar nerve block during surgical extraction of impacted lower
third molars , Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:E139-44.