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Roaring 20s ppt
- 1. Roaring 20s
- 2. A Republican Decade Strikes, arrests, revolution overseas—such events frightened Americans in the 1920s and they turned to Republican Party for stability and economic prosperity
- 3. What is happening in this picture? What concept is this political cartoon illustrating?
- 4. The Harding Presidency 1920-1923 1920 election, Republican Warren G. Harding promised “return to normalcy” 1920 won presidency until death in 1923 Foreign policy reflect America’s desire for isolationism—policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries No attempt to join League of Nations Yet President support efforts to prevent future wars Disarmament—nations voluntarily give up their weapons
- 5. Economically, he favored: Lower taxes Less control over businesses Support high tariffs (taxes) on foreign, competitor goods to make them more expensive protect US businesses/workers
- 6. Culturally, as America became more isolationist, they also became more nativist— movement favoring native- born Americans over immigrants Nativist Reasons = Anti- Immigrant Never loyal Blamed for urban city problems— slums & corruption Fear for loss of jobs Pass on anarchist (violent overthrow of government) + communist (opponent of democracy + capitalism) ideals
- 7. End of President Harding…Literally Start of 1923, economy bouncing back + strong popularity for president Mid 1923 corruption scandals in Harding’s cabinet Biggest scandal Teapot Dome Scandal Harding’s Secretary of Interior Albert Fall bribed by oil executives to sell government land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming—oil Albert Fall became 1st cabinet member imprisoned for crime while in office Harding died in 1923 during the scandal in office
- 8. The Coolidge Presidency 1923-1928 Vice President Calvin Coolidge became president and cleaned up scandals Elected president 1924-1928 Major View “The Business of the American people is business” Laissez-Faire limited to no government interference in business
- 9. Election of 1928 When Coolidge decided not to run for a 2nd term, Republicans nominated Herbert Hoover Hoover promised more pro-business, isolationism & small government = victory
- 10. A Business Boom...Mixed Success 1920s gave birth to much of modern America Shopping centers, fast-food, advertising, mass media, cars, radios, movies
- 11. Causes of Economic Growth Consumer Economy—depends on a large amount of buying (consuming) by people who use products New & Improved products Model-T cars, refrigerators, radios, vacuums, ovens, telephones Income tax cuts (% taken out of paycheck for government) left people with more $$$ Higher wages gave people more money to spend on movies, radio, sporting events Until 1920s, Americans generally paid cash for things they bought Borrowing = unthrifty + immoral
- 12. 1920s saw new ways to purchase goods as demand for them grew Credit—a way to delay paying for a purchase (pay once you hit a certain amount) Installment Buying—system allows customer to make partial payments (installments) over a few months Installment + Credit plans encouraged people to buy things who otherwise would not even though they had to pay high interest rates
- 13. Economic Troubles Economy appeared to be healthy but looks can be deceiving…uneven prosperity Huge gap between rich and poor 50% in poverty Many Americans did not prosper Farmers over production Minorities—African Americans
- 14. New Roles for Women During 1920s, women had more freedom than ever before drove cars, sports, college, teachers, nurses, social workers Some women in 1920s called themselves flappers – young, rebellious fun-loving, bold Stood for a longing to break with the past Fashion Shorter dresses, short hair, make-up Manners Smoked + drank in public 19th Amendment gave women right to vote 1920s women developed a new attitude toward marriage = partnership (men agreed)
- 15. Mass Media Before 1920s, the majority of Americans did not travel much and was divided culturally Mass Media communications that reach a large audience Film, Radio, Advertising peaceful propaganda Created a national culture (things that people had in common across the country) songs, dances, fashion, slang, sports, news
- 16. Lost Generation For some, the decade after WWI was not a time for celebration deep despair + resentment = Lost Generation Lost in a greedy, materialistic world F Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Focus on wealthy, sophisticated Americans during Jazz Age Rich self-centered and shallow
- 17. Prohibition 18th Amendment—ban alcohol Most Americans disregard law Bootleggers suppliers + smugglers of illegal alcohol Speakeasies illegal bars Rise of organized crime Al Capone
- 18. Jazz Age 1920s—Jazz Age—was a time celebrating new and modern things Jazz music—mix of African rhythms, ragtime, blues free spirit of the times Rebelled against values which led to WWI Harlem Duke Ellington + Louis Armstrong musicians
- 19. Issues of Religion Religious movement called fundamentalism gained followers and political power Fundamentalists took the bible literally (everything was true) Argued that public schools shouldn’t teach evolution— theory that living things developed over millions of years from simpler life forms Felt it contradicted the Bible pass laws made evolution teachings illegal 1925, John Scopes broke law & found guilty Guilty verdict over-turned by state Supreme Court **Clash between modern beliefs vs. traditional values
- 20. The Harlem Renaissance 1920s brought changes to the lives of many African Americans Great Migration North and Western cities for economic and social opportunities
- 21. Confronting Racism As blacks moved out of the South the KKK eventually moved with them By 1924, the KKK claimed about 5 million members ‘America for Americans’ KKK carried out many crimes against African- Americans, Catholics, Jews & immigrants Increasing violence against African Americans rallied the efforts of the NAACP Worked in vain to pass anti-lynching laws + protect voting rights
- 22. Many African-Americans were losing faith in the US dreamed of a place where they could live in peace Marcus Garvey Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) sought to build up blacks’ self-respect + economic power Garvey urged ‘Back to Africa’ solution since equality seemed hopeless Failed
- 23. Rise of Harlem Late 1800s wealthy white community Build up too much and buildings remained vacant real estate prices fall Black businessmen started buying cheap buildings and selling them to African Americans By 1920, New York, Harlem, became the unofficial capital of black America Soon Harlem produced cultural activity called Harlem Renaissance Symbolized rebirth of hope and culture for African Americans Writers, singers, painters, sculptors, scholars move to Harlem
- 24. In Summary… New technologies led to social transformations that improved the standard of living for many, while contributing to increased political and cultural conflicts. New technologies contributed to improved standards of living, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems.
- 25. Technological change, modernization, and changing demographics led to increased political and cultural conflict on several fronts: Tradition vs. innovation Urban vs. rural Fundamentalist Christianity vs. scientific modernism Native born vs. new immigrants White vs. Black Idealism vs. disillusionment
- 26. The rise of an urban, industrial society encouraged the development of a variety of cultural expressions for migrant, regional, and African American artists (expressed most notably in the Harlem Renaissance movement); it also contributed to national culture by making shared experiences more possible through art, cinema, and the mass media.