Types of diet, Therapeutic diet

1. By
Mrs.Nagamani.T
Asst Professor
Dept.of Community Health Nursing
Therapeutic Diets

2. Therapeutic Diets

3. Therapeutic Diets
Introduction
 Therapeutic diet are planned to maintain or restore
good nutrition in patient
 In most cases the therapeutic diet are used to
supplement the medical or surgical treatment of the
patient, while in some instances like diabetes
mellitus, a therapeutic diet is the most aspect of the
patient’s treatment rather the medical therapy
 Diet therapy is concerned with recovery from illness
and prevention of disease

4. MEANING

5. Therapeutic Diets
 Modifications of normal diet used to improve
specific health conditions
 Normally prescribed by doctor and planned by
dietician
 May change nutrients, caloric content and/or
texture
 May seem strange and even unpleasant to the
patient

6. Therapeutic Diets: FACTS
 Patient’s appetite may be affected by anorexia or
loss of appetite, weakness, illness, loneliness, self-
pity and other factors
 Use patience and tact to convince patient to eat food
 Understand purpose of diet and provide simple
explanations to patient

9. Therapeutic Diets: TYPES
 Regular diet
 Liquid diet
 Soft diet
 Diabetic diet
 Calorie controlled diet
 Low cholesterol diet
 Fat restricted (low-fat)
diet
 Sodium restricted diet
 Protein diet
 Bland diet
 Low residue diet

13. Regular Diet
 Balanced diet usually used for ambulatory patients
 At times is has a slightly reduced caloric content
 Foods such as rich desserts, cream sauces, salad
dressings and fried foods may be decreased or
omitted

15. Liquid Diets
 Nutritionally inadequate and should only be used for
short periods of time
 Uses:
 After surgery or a heart attack
 Pts with acute infections or digestive problems
 To replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea
 Before some Xrays of digestive tract

16. Liquid Diets
 2 types
 Clear liquid diet
 Water, apple or grape juice, fat-free broths, plain gelatin,
popsicles, ginger ale, tea, coffee
 Full liquid diet
 Everything on clear liquid diet plus strained soups and cereals,
fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream,
pudding, sherbet, and eggnog

19. Soft Diet
 Similar to regular diet but foods must require little
chewing and be easy to digest
 Avoid meat and shellfish with tough connective
tissue, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich desserts,
fried foods, raw fruits and veggies, nuts, and
coconuts

23. Diabetic Diet
 Used for pts with diabetes mellitus (body does not
produce enough insulin to metabolize
carbohydrates)
 Diet contains exchange lists
 Goods are grouped according to type, nutrients, and
calories
 Pts are allowed a certain number of items from each
exchange list according to individual needs

24. Diabetic Diet
 Avoid sugar-heavy foods such as candy, soft drinks,
desserts, cookies, syrup, honey, condensed milk,
sugared gum, jams, and jellies
 New trend is to count only carbs as blood sugar
levels are most affected by carbs
 Pt then takes an amount of insulin based upon
amount of carbs eaten

27. Calorie Controlled Diet
Low-Calorie Diet
 Used for pts who are overweight
 Avoid or limit high calories foods such as:
 Butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups or gravies,
sweet soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, salad
dressings, fatty meats, candy and rich desserts

28. Calorie Controlled Diet
High-Calorie Diet
 Used for pts who are underweight, or who have
anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer
 Extra proteins and carbs are included
 Avoid high-bulk foods such as green salads,
watermelon and fibrous fruits
 Avoid high-fat foods such as fried foods, rich
pastries, and cheese cake because they digest
slowly and spoil appetite

29. Low Cholesterol Diet
 Restricts foods containing cholesterol
 Used for pts with atherosclerosis and heart disease
 Limit foods high in saturated fats such as beef, liver,
pork, lamb, egg yolk, cream, cheese, natural
cheeses, shellfish, whole milk, and coconut and
palm oil products

32. Fat Restricted or Low-Fat Diet
 Used for pts with gallbladder and liver disease,
obesity, and certain heart diseases
 Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty meats,
rich desserts, chocolate, fried foods, salad
dressings, nuts, and coconut

35. Sodium Restricted Diet
(Low Sodium or Low Salt Diet)
 Used for pts with cardiovascular diseases such as
hypertension or congestive heart disease, kidney
disease, and edema
 Avoid or limit addition of salt to any food, smoked
meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, sauerkraut,
olives, and processed cheeses

36. High Protein Diet
 Used for children and adolescents who need
additional growth, pregnant or lactating women,
before and/or after surgery, pts suffering from burns,
fevers, or infections
 Regular diet with added protein rich foods such as
meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs

39. Low Protein Diet
 Used for pts with certain kidney diseases and for
certain allergic conditions
 Regular diet with limited or decreased protein rich
foods

40. Bland Diet
 Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate
the digestive tract
 Used for pts with ulcers and other digestive diseases
 Avoid coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned
foods, pastries, raw fruits and veggies, alcohol,
carbonated beverages, nuts, coffee, tea, smoked
and salted meats and fish.

41. Low Residue Diet
 Used for pts with digestive and rectal diseases such
as colitis or diarrhea
 Eliminates or limits foods high in bulk or fiber such
as raw fruits and veggies, whole grains and cereals,
nuts, seeds, beans and peas, coconut, and fried
foods

43. Types of therapeutic
diet in various
disorders

46. Nutrition for cardiovascular diseases
Dietary management:
Objectives:
 To relieve strain to the heart
 To prevent further damage to the heart
 To restore the damage heart
Food recommended:
 Skim milk, paneer from skim milk
 Cereals and pulses
 Whole grain
 All vegetables and all fruits
 High fiber and soluble fiber like oat meal, pectin and gums
 lean meat, egg white and fish
 Vegetable oils, sugar and jaggery

47. Continue……
Food to be avoided:
 Cholesterol rich food
 Whole cream, butter, cream, cheese
 Indian sweet meal like pudings, bakery products
 Organ meat
 Egg yolk, fish
 Nuts, oil seeds, pickles
 Fried food
 Alcohol
Regular low cholesterol and low fat and high fiber
diet:
 Energy- 1600 k cal
 Fat- 40 g
 Protein- 65 g

48. Sample menu for cardiovascular
diseases
Meal Food
Early morning Lemon water-1 glass
Break fast Milk(skimmed)-1 cup, missi roti-1,
curd-1/2 katori, or boiled egg- 1-2 and
bread- 1-2 slice
Mid morning Fresh fruit- 1
Lunch Salad, chapat-1-3, rice- 60 g,
vegetable- 250g, curd- 1 cup
Evening tea Tea, sprouted mong or black channa-
30 g, biscuits-3-4
Dinner Vegetable soup, chapati-2, dal,
chicken or fish-100g
Whole day’s cooking oil- 20g

49. Nutrition for chronic renal failure
 Low protein and low sodium diet for chronic
renal failure
Nutrient
allowance
Sedentary
workers
Moderate workers Heavy workers
Proteins 20 g 30 gm 40 gm
Calories 2040 2197 2363
Sodium 180 mg 215 mg 255 mg
Potassium 1226 mg 1382 mg 1982 mg
Phosphorus 441 mg 586 mg 717 mg

50. Food to be avoided
 Extra milk or ilk products
 Meat, poultry and fish
 Dry fruits
 Extra pulses, cereals, legumes, peas, beans
 Cakes, biscuits and bakery products, jams
 Campa cola, squash, sharbat
 Frits and fruit juices like lemon, mango, lime,
plums
 Green leafy vegetables if potassium is restricted

51. Nutrition in diabetes mellitus
Foods not allowed:
 Glucose, sugar, honey, all sweets, chocolates and
candies
Foods to be avoided or restricted:
 Potatoes, jam, arvi, sweet potatoes, mangoes,
grapes, bananas, alcoholic beverages, fried fruits,
parathas, puri, pakoras, dal moth, mathies, deep
fried vegetables, dry fruits, saturated oils
Foods to be used freely:
 Green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers,
lemon, clear soups, black coffee and tea without
sugar, butter milk, sour chatani, pickles without oil

52. Daily menu for diabetic person
nutrients Sedentary
workers
Moderate
workers
Heavy workers
Calories 1300 kcal 1600 kcal 1900 kcal
Protein 60 gm 66 gm 70 gm
CHO 170 gm 223gm 232 gm
Fats 33 gm 39 gm 39 gm

53. Daily diet menu for a client with DM
Bed time Tea/ coffee- 1 cup
Break fasr Cornflakes with milk
10 am Tea or coffee -1 cup
Lunch Chapaties-2, rice 1 medium bowl, oil
for cooking- 1 ½ tea spoon
4 pm Light tea without sugar, salted
biscuits
Dinner Chapaties-2, salad, vegetables,
Bed time Skim milk
Total approximate calories 1500

54. Diet in fever
 The nutritional requirements will depend on the
nature, severity and duration of the fever
 During this phase, calories requirement is increase
 Frequent feeding must be given to the client and fats
must be restricted
 Fluid intake must be from 3000-5000 ml in the form
of glucose, fruits juices
 A readily digestible foods must be given
 When fever goes down, bread with milk, milk
puddings or rice dal must be given

55. Diet menu during high grade
fever
 Light diet:
 It must be given 2 hourly and contents must
include milk, barley water, glucose at regular
intervals
 To rebuild body tissues extra proteins must be
given
 Examples milk, egg, curd etc
 Fried foods and diet containing fibers should be
avoided

56. Diet in constipation
 Constipation is decreased frequency of passing
stools or complete retention of faces
 The diet should include food rich in fiber contains
like whole cereals, whole legumes and mature
vegetables
 Fruits rich in fibers like apple, banana, guava
 More fluids in the form of coffee, tea, fruit juices,
warm water, butter milk etc

57. Diet in Diarrhoea
 Diarrhoea is increase frequently of loose or
watery stools. It occurs in infectious condition of
colon.
 Diet must include mainly fluids like oral boiled
water containing electrolyte salts i.e glucose,
sodium chloride etc
 Fluids should be given quarter one hourly
frequently
 Oral rehydration solution must be given

62. Naturopathy
 Naturopathy is the art and science of disease
diagnosis, treatment and prevention using natural
therapies including botanic medicine, hydrotherapy,
traditional chinese medicine and life style councelling
Naturopathy works on five principles:
 Do not harm
 Use the healing power of nature to rejuvenate the
body and mind
 Identify and treat the cause
 Treat the whole person not the particular part with
ailment
 Work on disease prevention and health promotion

64. Naturopathy
 Treatment based on nutrition and diet
 Detoxification: use of short period of fasting and
controlled diets aid the natural processes by which
body rids itself from toxic substances
 Manual healing method: massage, acupuncture,
yoga, meditation, hypnotherapy
 Herbal medicine
 Homeopathy
 Hydrotherapy: using water
 Exercise and relaxation technique

65.  Naturopathy works on self healing.
Here, every individual is the doctor as
everyone can heal himself
 Water is the main nutrient
 It means not to avoid stress but how to
deal with the stress
 Sometimes naturopathy require to stay
in Ashrams
 Naturopathy best works in winter
 Naturopathy practice require assistance

66. THANK
YOU