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New-Rapid-And-Innovative-Method-For-Prediction-of-Magnetic-Moment-of-Mono
1.
International Journal of
Advance Research, IJOAR .org ISSN 2320-9178 1 IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR .org Volume 3, Issue 10, October 2015, Online: ISSN 2320-9178 New Rapid And Innovative Method For Prediction of Magnetic Moment of Mono And Diatomic Molecules And Ions Without M.O.T. PRITAM DEBNATH Department of Civil Engineering, U.G. Student (2nd year), NIT Agartala, Tripura(W), India Phone no:+91 9436584888 Email:pritam.oam@gmail.com KeyWords Even electron number, Molecules, Magnetic properties, M.O.T., Odd electron number, Total electron number, Value of ‘l’. ABSTRACT Determination of magnetic moment and magnetic properties of different molecules and ions, plays a very important rule in inorganic chem- istry. But, finding of magnetic moment by using M.O.T. is time consuming. So, in this manuscript, I tried to show a rapid and innovative method for finding the Magnetic Moment of different mono and diatomic molecules or ions having total electron (01-20). One can easily find the Magnetic Moment of different mono and diatomic molecules and ions using this rapid method, even if he is unknown to M.O.T.. This method is only applicable for mono and diatomic molecules and ions having total electron (01-20), but not applicable for polyatomic molecules, such as SF4, SO2, BCl3, CCl4 etc.
2.
International Journal of
Advance Research, IJOAR .org ISSN 2320-9178 2 IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org MAIN PAPER STARTS HERE… Introduction The method of prediction of magnetic moment is very important in inorganic chemistry. But the conventional method of determina- tion of magnetic moment is time consuming. In various competitive examination, magnetic moment related question plays a very important part. So, by using a rapid method of prediction of magnetic moment [9],[10] , one can save their valuable time in exam hall. So, keeping all this things in mind, this new innovative method is introduced, which will be time saving for students in various com- petitive examination. This method contains four(4) new formulae, with four(4) set of electron no.; by placing only the value of ‘l’(described as below) in the respective formula, one can easily calculate the magnetic moment of different molecules. So, we can use this rapid method in place of the conventional formula of finding magnetic moment, μ = �𝑛(𝑛 + 2) B.M., where B.M. = Bohr Magneton = Unit of Mag- netic Moment, n = number of unpaired electron. I believe, this rapid method will be very much helpful for all students, who are facing various competitive examination and by using these formulae, students can save their valuable time in exam hall. So, on the basis of all these things, I can strongly recommend that this method will be most rapid method for the prediction of magnetic moment of mono and diatomic molecules and ions having total electron no (01-20) without using M.O.T. [1]-[8] . Result and Discussions First of all, we take certain range of total electron of different mono and diatomic molecules or ions, which are shown in four sets as follows. Set-1:- Molecules or ions having (1-10 and 16)e - s, (consider only even electron no. in this range) Set-2:- Molecules or ions having (11-20, ≠16)e - s, (consider only even electron no. in this range) Set-3:- Molecules or ions having (1-8)e - s, (consider only odd electron no. in this range) Set-4:- Molecules or ions having (9-20)e - s, (consider only odd electron no. in this range) The above four sets, with their corresponding formulae are shown in table 1. Table:-1 Range of Total Electron No. Formula 1-10 and 16 (consider only even ‘e-’ no. in this range) √𝟖𝟖 11-20 (≠16) (consider only even ‘e-’ no. in this range without 16) √𝟖𝟖 − 𝟖 1-8 (consider only odd ‘e-’ no. In this range) √𝟑𝟖 + 𝟑 9-20 (consider only odd ‘e-’ no. in this range) √𝟑𝟖
3.
International Journal of
Advance Research, IJOAR .org ISSN 2320-9178 3 IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org Introduction to ‘l’ ‘l’ is a variable, which can take only two value 0 or 1 depending on the total electron number of a molecule or ion. If, the total electron no. for a molecule or ion lies between ‘1-8’, then value of l = 0. If, the total electron no. for a molecule or ion lies between ‘9-20’, then value of l = 1. Source of conception behind the value of l Actually this concept is taken from azimuthal quantum no. [11],[12] in quantum chemistry ,where we have found, for s orbital, quantum no l is taken as 0 (l is azimuthal quantum no.), for p orbital l is taken as 1. The same concept I have used here. If an atom contains only s orbital, the value of l is taken as 0, and if an atom contains s and p orbital both, then the value of l is taken as 1. The value of l depends on the two atom by which a diatomic molecule is composed. But in case of such diatomic molecule, where one atom has only s orbital and another atom has both s and p orbital, then I have observed if I take the atom consisting both s and p orbital in my consideration, then my experiment goes in a suitable way and give me a suitable result. But, if I take the atom, which has only s or- bital, then my experiment does not give any suitable result. That’s why, I have taken that atom in my consideration, which contains both s and p orbital in case of the ionic molecule or heteronuclear diatomic molecule to find the value of l. After all, I have found, for the molecules which contains (1-8) total electron, the value of l for those molecules is 0, and for the molecules which contains (9-20) total electron, the value of l for those molecules is 1. E.g.: 1. N + N = N2 Electronic configuration of N : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 3 We can observe that N2 contain two N (nitrogen atom), and both N atom contain both s and p orbital. So, the value of l for N2 mole- cule is taken as 1. 2. H + F = HF Electronic configuration of H : 1S 1 Electronic configuration of F : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 5 We can observe that HF contains one H (hydrogen) atom and one F (fluorine) atom. And, H atom has only s orbital, whereas F atom has both s and p orbital. So, according to the considering rule, value of l is taken as 1. Discussion for set 1: Total electron range : 1- 10 and 16 (consider only even electron no.) In this case, Formula for magnetic moment = √𝟖𝟖 B.M. where, B.M. = Bohr Magneton = unit of magnetic moment E.g.: O2, which has total electron no. 16, therefore value of l = 1. Hence, magnetic moment for O2 = √8.1 = √8 = 2.82 B.M.= Para magnetic Discussion for set 2: Total electron range : 11- 20 , ≠16 (consider only even electron no.) In this case, Formula for magnetic moment = √𝟖𝟖 − 𝟖 B.M. where, B.M. = Bohr Magneton = unit of magnetic moment E.g.: N2, which has total electron no. 14, therefore value of l = 1. Hence, magnetic moment for N2 = √8.1 − 8 = √0 = 0 B.M. = Diamagnetic Discussion for set 3: Total electron range : 1- 8 (consider only odd electron no.) In this case, Formula for magnetic moment = √𝟑𝟑 + 𝟑 B.M. where, B.M. = Bohr Magneton = unit of magnetic moment E.g.: Be2 +, which has total electron no. 7, therefore value of l = 0. Hence, magnetic moment for Be2 + = √3.0 + 3 = √3 = 1.73 B.M. = Paramagnetic Discussion for set 4: Total electron range : 9- 20 (consider only odd electron no.) In this case, Formula for magnetic moment = √𝟑𝟑 B.M. where, B.M. = Bohr Magneton = unit of magnetic moment E.g.: NO, which has total electron no. 15, therefore value of l = 1. Hence, magnetic moment for NO= √3.1 = √3 = 1.73 B.M. = Para magnetic
4.
International Journal of
Advance Research, IJOAR .org ISSN 2320-9178 4 IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org The magnetic moments of different molecules and ions with their magnetic properties are shown in table 2. Table :- 2 Different Molecules Total Electron No. Unpaired Electron No. (n) Value of ‘l’ Magnetic Moment using Conventional formula �𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟐) (in B.M) Magnetic Moment using New formula(in B.M) Magnetic Properties H2 2 0 0 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic He2 4 0 0 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic Li2 6 0 0 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic Be2 8 0 0 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic B2 10 2 1 �𝟐(𝟐 + 𝟐)=√𝟖 √𝟖. 𝟏=√𝟖 Para magnetic C2 12 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic N2 14 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic O2 16 2 1 �𝟐(𝟐 + 𝟐)=√𝟖 √𝟖. 𝟏=√𝟖 Para magnetic F2 18 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic Ne2 20 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟎=0 Diamagnetic H2 + 1 1 0 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √ 𝟑. 𝟎 + 𝟑=√𝟑 Para magnetic H2 - 3 1 0 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √ 𝟑. 𝟎 + 𝟑=√𝟑 Para magnetic He2 + 3 1 0 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √ 𝟑. 𝟎 + 𝟑=√𝟑 Para magnetic Li2 + 5 1 0 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √ 𝟑. 𝟎 + 𝟑=√𝟑 Para magnetic Be2 + 7 1 0 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √ 𝟑. 𝟎 + 𝟑=√𝟑 Para magnetic HF 10 2 1 �𝟐(𝟐 + 𝟐)=√𝟖 √𝟖. 𝟏=√𝟖 Para magnetic C2 + 11 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic C2 - 13 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic N2 + 13 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic N2 - 15 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic O2 +2 14 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟖=0 Diamagnetic
5.
International Journal of
Advance Research, IJOAR .org ISSN 2320-9178 5 IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org O2 -2 18 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟖=0 Diamagnetic O2 - 17 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic O2 + 15 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic NO+ 14 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟖=0 Diamagnetic NO- 16 2 1 �𝟐(𝟐 + 𝟐)=√𝟖 √𝟖. 𝟏=√𝟖 Para magnetic CN 13 1 1 �𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟐)=√𝟑 √𝟑. 𝟏=√𝟑 Para magnetic CN+ 12 0 1 �𝟎(𝟎 + 𝟐)=0 √𝟖. 𝟏 − 𝟖=0 Diamagnetic Conclusion After all, I approach a new innovative and rapid method for prediction of magnetic moment and their corresponding magnetic properties. This method will be very much helpful for all students of chemistry. And by using this rapid method, one can easily pre- dict the magnetic moment of different molecules and ions and also, students will be able to answer very rapidly in competitive exam- ination of magnetic moment related questions. Acknowledgment The corresponding author Sri.Pritam Debnath, would be grateful to Dr.Subhojit Das, Department of chemistry, NIT Agartala, Tripura(W) for giving his valuable time in this regard and also grateful to the Dr.Arijit Das, Department of chemistry, Ramthakur col- lege, Agartala, Tripura(W) for his great inspiration for prediction of new methods. References [1] Lee.J.D., Concise Inorg. Chem, 5th ed.; 2009, Wiley India [2] Cotton.F.A., Wilkinson.G.and Gaus.P.L., Basic Inorg.Chem., 3rd ed.; Wiley India, 2007, p107 [3] R.L.Dutta, Inorganic Chem., 6th ed. (Part - 1), 2009, p146-147 [4] Douglas.B., Medaniel. D. and Alexander .J., Concepts and Models of Inorg. Chem.,3rd ed.; Wiley India, 2007, p157 [5] A.S. Negi, S.C. Anand, A textbook of physical chemistry, 2nd ed.; New age international publishers, p832-833 [6] Mahan. B.M. and Meyers.R.J., International Student Edition University Chemistry, 4th ed., 1998 [7] P.L. SONI, Textbook of inorganic chemistry, 20th ed,; Sultan Chand & Sons, p230-238 [8] James E. Huheey, Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter; Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th ed.; p153-175 [9] Das Arijit, ‘A rapid and innovative method for the easy prediction of Magnetic behavior of homo and hetero nuclear mono and diatomic molecules or ions without MOT’, Ind. J of Applied Research, 2013, 03(10), p1, ISSN-2249-555X [10] Das Arijit, ‘New Innovative Methods for Determination of Spin Multiplicity, Spin State and Magnetic Properties of Diatomic Hetero Nuclear Mole- cules or Ions in a Very Short Interval of Time’ Ind. J. of Applied Research, 2013, 03(08), p67, ISSN-2249-555X [11] B.S. BAHL, G.D. TULI, Essentials of Physical Chemistry, Twenty-Second ed.; S Chand and Company LTD, 1985, p52 [12] Samuel H. Maron and Jerome B. Lando, Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry, Collier Macmillan international ed.; p116-117
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