What is welfare state? How it can change people’s lives? How government can prepare good facilities for people? What are the field of welfare services?

1. Policy of Welfare State in the United Kingdom
Fundamental of Political Science
Faculty of World Studies
Supervisor: Professor Saeed Abadi
Presenter: Setareh Keyhani
November 14, 2019

2. Policy of Welfare State of the
United Kingdom

3. Introduction
In this lecture we will talk about Welfare State.
The main object of this lecture is “How Welfare
State Can Change Our Life”. Also, we will take a
look at the history of welfare state and the
process of its growing.

4. Next Coming Slides
What is welfare state?
Types of welfare state
History of welfare state in the United
Kingdom
Features of the welfare state in the UK
UK government welfare expenditure
Liberal reforms
Impact of welfare state
Welfare state in Iran
Pluralisation

5. What is Welfare States?

6. The welfare state is a form of government in
which the state protects and promotes the
economic and social well-being of the citizens,
based upon the principles of equal opportunity,
equitable distribution of wealth, and public
responsibility for citizens unable to avail
themselves of the minimal provisions for a good
life./5/
Welfare state refers to a type of governing in
which the national government plays a key role
in the protection and promotion of the
economic and social well-being of its citizens./9/

7. A welfare state is based on the principles of
equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of
wealth, and public responsibility for those
unable to avail themselves of the minimal
provisions of a good life.
S o c i a l S e c u r i t y, f e d e r a l l y m a n d a t e d
unemployment insurance programmes, and
welfare payments to people unable to work are
all examples of the welfare state.

8. As a type of mixed economy, the welfare state
funds the governmental institutions for
healthcare and education along with direct
benefits paid to individual citizens./6/
Studies have shown that in welfare states poverty
decreases after countries adopt welfare
programmes.
The Liberal Party, the Conservative Party, and
then the Labour Party all adopted the Beveridge
Report's recommendations./7/

9. Types of Welfare Services
Education
Food subsidies
Health care
Police
Fire servicing
Job training
Housing services
Adoption
Community management
Policy research

11. History of Welfare State in UK
Before World War II, Britain's welfare programme —such as payments
to support the sick—was overwhelmingly provided by private, volunteer
institutions. But a change in outlook during the war allowed Britain to
construct a "Welfare State" after the war: the government provided a
comprehensive welfare system to support everyone in their time of
need. It remains largely in place today. /13/
The origins of the modern Welfare State in Britain are often dated to
1906, when British politician H. H. Asquith (1852–1928) and the Liberal
party gained a landslide victory and entered government.
Social groups and the various governments had spent centuries trying
different ways to deal with the sick, the poor, the unemployed, and other
people struggling with poverty.

12. 6th August 1946: A mother and her family drawing her family allowance at Vicarage
Lane Post Office, Stratford, East London, on the first day the allowance was
paid.Topical Press Agency/Getty Images

13. Feature of the Welfare State UK
A fundamental feature of the welfare state is social
insurance, a provision common to most advanced
industrialized countries (e.g., National Insurance in
the United Kingdom and Social Security in the
United States). Such insurance is usually financed by
compulsory contributions and is intended to provide
benefits to persons and families during periods of
greatest need. It is widely recognised, however, that in
practice the cash benefits fall considerably short of
the levels intended by the designers of the plans. /2/

14. The welfare state also usually includes public
provision of basic education, health services, and
housing (in some cases at low cost or without
charge).
England representing the liberal model. Health
promotion has a prominent place and there is a
political focus on the broader determinants of
health. the English policies have a much clearer
focus on disadvantaged groups and geographic
areas. In England there is a strong focus on the
free will of the population in changing unhealthy
lifestyles./8/

15. Welfare spending on poor people dropped by
25% during the decade of austerity, cuts to
benefits that disabled people receive were
significant, Personal Independence Payments and
Employment and Support Allowance have both
dropped by 10%. Over half of families living
below the breadline have at least one relative with
a disability./4/

16. UK Government Welfare
Expenditure /10/
1. State pension
2. Tax credits (Working tax credits and Child tax credits)
3. Housing Benefit
4. Disability Living Allowance
5. Incapacity benefits
6. Child benefit
7. Pension Credit

17. 8. Jobseeker's allowance
9. Income Support
10. Maternity and paternity pay
11. Carer's allowance
12.War pensions
13. Universal credit
14. Attendance Allowance

19. Liberal Reforms
The Liberal Party launched the welfare state in
Britain with a series of major Liberal welfare
reforms in 1906–1914. The reforms were greatly
extended over the next forty years. /3/
They represent the emergence of the modern
welfare state in the United Kingdom.

20. In recent years reform of the welfare system in
Britain began with the introduction of the New
Deal programme. Introduced by the Labour
government in 1997. The aim of this programme
was to increase employment through requiring
that recipients make serious efforts to seek
employment. The Labour Party also introduced a
system of tax credits for low-income workers./11/

21. Impact
This policy resulted in increased expenditure and a
widening of what was considered to be the state's
responsibility. In addition to the central services of
education, health, unemployment and sickness
allowances, the welfare state also included the idea of
increasing redistributive taxation, increasing
regulation of industry, food, and housing (better safety
regulations, weights and measures controls, etc.)

22. Problem of a Welfare State
Welfare systems must provide an adequate level of
provision for peoples’ needs. However, the primary
challenge is to ensure that there is still an incentive to
work at the same time.
Another problem that we need to address is making
sure that state welfare monopolies and bureaucracy
work efficiently.
Finally, the government should provide financial
services, such as benefits UK, in an equitable fashion.
Welfare expenditure must go firstly to those who need
it most./12/

23. Welfare Fraud
Welfare fraud is the act of illegally using state welfare
systems by knowingly withholding or giving information to
obtain more funds than would otherwise be allocated.
Interviews with welfare recipients where the interviewer has
succeeded to gain a high level of trust, on the other hand,
have shown that many, if not most, fail to report incomes./15/
It occurs when someone receives benefits, such as cash,
food, housing or health care, that they don’t qualify for./16/

24. Here are seven ways a person might commit welfare
fraud:
1. Not reporting income or employment
2. Not disclosing personal assets
3. Claiming to be a single parent while the other parent
lives in the same home
4. Submitting a claim for ineligible or fictitious children
5. Using false identification to receive aid
6. Selling food stamps for cash
7. Collecting benefits in multiple states

27. Pluralisation
A welfare state is one which provides a system of social
services and financial benefits UK for those in
temporary need. It also provides for vulnerable
members of society.
The term ‘welfare’ has different meanings in different
countries and different historical periods.
The problems a welfare state faces are providing
sufficient benefits but giving people an incentive to
work. Also, the government must provide benefits is an
efficient and equal manner.

28. Changes in working practices for the unemployed
make it difficult to estimate the number of welfare
claimants.
Even the total number of claimants for each benefit
does not help since claimants can receive more
than one benefit.
The welfare state is a political system based on the
notion that rather than individuals, corporations, or
the local community, it is the government’s
responsibility for the well-being of its people./14/

30. Welfare State in Iran
Good facilities as their sport
Recreation facilities
Free transportation
Highly service insurance
Free education
99% of them are willing to pay taxes on perfect
amenities

31. What is Your Idea?

32. References
1. http://www.librarything.com/work/276040/reviews/102657207
2. https://www.britannica.com/topic/welfare-state
3. "Britain 1905–1975:The Liberal reforms 1906–1914". GCSE
Bitesize. BBC.
4. Welfare spending for UK's poorest shrinks by £37bn The Guardian
5. "Welfare state". Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
6. O'Hara, Phillip Anthony, ed. (1999). "Welfare state". Encyclopedia of
Political Economy. Routledge. p. 1245. ISBN 978-0-415-24187-8.
7. Beveridge, Power and Influence

33. 8- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563624
9- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/welfare-state.asp
10- Welfare spending p.132" .4 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
11- ARCHIVED CONTENT] Press: 1997-145". Hm-treasury.gov.uk. Retrieved
2011-10-05.
12- https://www.cashfloat.co.uk/blog/money-borrowing/benefits-uk/
13- https://www.thoughtco.com/creation-of-britains-welfare-state-1221967
14- https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/welfare-state-definition-
meaning/

34. 15- Shiri Regev-Messalem: (2013), Claiming Citizenship:The Political
Dimension of Welfare Fraud. Law and Social Inquiry, vol. 38 Issue 4 (Fall
2013).
16- https://www.lifelock.com/learn-fraud-what-is-welfare-fraud.html